A machine that uses a planer to make relatively parallel straight line reciprocating motions on the surface of the wood, and then cuts out a single board (also called thin wood) from the surface of the wood.
Types
According to the different cutting angles between the planer blade and the direction of the wood fiber, it can be divided into two types: transverse planing machines and longitudinal planing machines. A transverse planer cuts out thin wood with the blade parallel to the direction of the wood fibers; a longitudinal planer cuts out thin wood by moving the planer along the longitudinal direction of the wood. Transverse planing machines and longitudinal planing machines can be divided into horizontal and vertical types according to their respective cutting movement modes.
Transverse horizontal planing machine
It cuts on the horizontal plane. Generally, the cutting motion is completed by the reciprocating motion of the planer, and the wood moves on the vertical plane. According to the arrangement of the reciprocating motion of the planer relative to the wood, it can be divided into two structural types: one is that the planer reciprocates above the wood for cutting; the other is the opposite, and the planer reciprocates below the wood for cutting. . In order to facilitate the continuous production of transverse horizontal planing machines, there is a planing machine in which the wood reciprocates under the planer and the planer moves vertically downward, such as the Federal German 8KC planing machine. The machine is equipped with a veneer clamping and conveying device, an automatic wood loading device and a residual board sending device, and can be combined with a veneer dryer, an automatic stacker and other equipment to form a continuous veneer production line. The working speed of the transverse horizontal planing machine can reach up to 50 to 60 times/min. The size of the wood that can be planed varies according to the specifications of the machine tool. The large one can be up to 5100 × 1200 × 1200 mm. The thickness of the thin wood planed is generally 0.1 to 1.8 ( 3) mm, the maximum thickness can be 10 mm. It is more convenient to observe the quality of wood and thin wood when operating the horizontal horizontal planing machine. It is also more convenient to install and fix the wood. It can fix several wood at the same time for cutting to improve productivity.
When the horizontal vertical planing machine is working, the wood reciprocates on the vertical plane for cutting, while the planer moves on the horizontal plane. The working speed is high, up to 80 times/min. The size of the wood that can be cut varies according to the specifications of the machine tool. The largest one can be up to 5200×800×800 mm, and the thickness of the thin wood can be up to 3 mm.
Longitudinal horizontal planing machine
The planer is fixed under the machine tool platform, and the wood is placed on the platform. The top is pressed by a special feeding belt and drives the wood to cut. Longitudinal reciprocating motion performs cutting, and the feed belt descends vertically for feed change. The wood feeding speed is about 40 to 60 meters per minute, and the productivity is low. The size of the wood that can be cut (width × thickness) is about 250 × 240 mm, the length is 1.2 to 3.6 meters, and the minimum single board thickness is 0.25 to 0.3 mm. In the vertical vertical planing machine, the planer is fixed on the vertical machine table. The wood is pressed from the horizontal direction to the planer by a special feed belt and drives the wood to make longitudinal reciprocating motion for cutting. Longitudinal planing machines have low productivity, but when planed longitudinally, the surface of thin wood is smooth and there are few cracks on the back. It has the advantages of less investment, less floor space, flexible product specifications, the ability to cut a variety of tree species, and simple installation. Therefore, it is widely used in Southeast Asia, Widely used in Australia and China. China has produced the BB 113 longitudinal planing machine.
Structure
The picture below shows the typical structure of a transverse horizontal planing machine in which the planer moves reciprocally for cutting. The main motor drives the tool bed (composed of tool holder and pressure ruler holder) to reciprocate on the parallel guide rail through the belt drive, reduction box, eccentric wheel and connecting rod. The wood is fixed on the workbench with a chuck and ratcheted. , the tool feed box drives the worktable to perform feeding motion. The structural principle of the transverse vertical planing machine is similar, but the wood is fastened to the sliding bed. The sliding bed is driven by an eccentric wheel and a linkage mechanism to reciprocate on two vertical parallel guide rails for cutting, while the cutter bed is driven by a ratchet mechanism and a forward movement. The knife box and the feed transmission mechanism drive the feed movement.
Through the motor and clutch, the tool bed (or worktable) can move forward and backward (or rise and fall) quickly. Reciprocating cutting motion generally uses a variable speed transmission device, which can select a reasonable cutting speed according to the material of the wood. There are two types of chucks for clamping wood: electric chucks and hydraulic chucks. Each chuck can be driven and clamped individually, or it can be divided into several groups and driven and clamped in groups to facilitate the clamping requirements of wood cubes of different shapes and sizes. A new type of hydraulic chuck with retractable chuck has been developed. Remote control of clamping device.
Excellent planing machine spindle transmission mostly uses pneumatic clutch-brake. When the wood chuck becomes loose, the guide rail pressure lubrication point stops oil supply, overloading and other faults occur during the planing process, it is controlled by the relevant safety braking system. The clutch acts to stop the cutting motion immediately to achieve the purpose of safe operation.
In order to make full use of precious wood and reduce the cost of decorative products, the most economical thickness for slicing thin wood must be determined in terms of technology. At the same time, the precision of the slicing machine should be able to ensure that thinner and high-precision slicing is achieved. Thin wood (the precision of planing thin wood has reached 0.025 mm). In order to eliminate the blue pollution produced on the surface of thin wood of some tree species during planing, a heating method such as circulating hot water or electricity has been developed to heat the planer blade and pressure ruler so that the planer blade and pressure ruler always maintain a certain temperature during the planing process to achieve The purpose of eliminating blue pollution.
The new slicing machine has adopted a mechanical veneer clamping and conveying device to send out the veneer, instead of manually picking up boards. It is safe to operate and has high productivity, which provides favorable conditions for the continuous production of slicing veneer.