1. Air-cooled battery technology
The method of using air as the medium to cool the battery is called air cooling technology. The main principle is to use flow heat exchange method to achieve the purpose of cooling. Cooling technology has the characteristics of simple equipment, low maintenance cost, and low manufacturing cost, so it is widely used in various power batteries and electronic equipment battery protection devices. Although this technology is low in cost and easy to apply, it is affected by the thermal conduction system and the specific heat capacity of the air, so the cooling effect is relatively poor in actual application. At present, the research direction of air-cooled battery technology mainly focuses on three aspects: air volume, flow channel, and battery space planning.
2. Liquid-cooled battery technology
The technology that uses liquid media to reduce the cooling of power batteries is called liquid-cooled battery technology. A solution of ethylene glycol and water combined with a refrigerant is usually used to achieve cooling. Effect. The advantages of this technology are large specific heat capacity and high heat transfer coefficient. Compared with air cooling technology, it has better cooling effect. Within liquid-cooled battery technology, there are two types: direct and indirect. The method of using liquid to directly contact the battery is called direct cooling, and the method of using cooling tubes or cooling plates to cool the battery is called indirect cooling. Currently, common technical research directions include optimization of coolant composition, cold plate or coil channel design, and liquid flow optimization.
3. Heat pipe cooling battery technology
The technology that uses hollow tubes filled with phase change fluid and good sealing to achieve cooling effects through evaporators and condensers is called heat pipes Cooling battery technology. The implementation principle of this technology is that after the evaporator absorbs enough heat, the liquid in the closed empty tube core evaporates to generate air pressure and flows to the condenser. The gas releases heat after passing through the condenser, and the steam solidifies into liquid again and continues to absorb heat, thus achieving the cooling effect of the cycle process. The principle of this technology is that capillary action occurs when liquid is converted into steam, allowing the medium in the pipeline to flow and achieve the effect of cyclic evaporation. Current research on automotive power battery heat pipe cooling technology mainly focuses on cooling performance simulation, Aberdeen condenser equipment optimization, mathematical model design, etc.
4. Phase change material cooling battery technology
Phase change materials reduce the operating temperature of the battery pack based on the principle of phase change heat absorption. It has the technical characteristics of non-toxic and harmless, good thermal stability, low cost and easy to use. The cooling method of phase change materials does not require channel equipment and electrical equipment, and the system safety is very high. Currently, the widely used and mature phase change materials mainly include modified cost dewaxing, water and salt, organic acid compounds, etc.