Fires caused by electrical causes occupy the first place in the total number of fires in China. The causes of electrical fires are complex, which involve not only the design, manufacture and installation of electrical equipment, but also the maintenance management and safety precautions after the products are put into use.
The direct causes of electrical fire include overload of electrical equipment, poor contact of electrical line connectors, short circuit of electrical lines, etc. Indirect causes include electrical equipment failure, improper setting and use of electrical equipment, etc. For example, use an electric fan to get close to flammable materials, use electrical appliances under overload, and buy and use inferior switches, sockets and lamps. And forget to turn off the power of the electrical appliance.
Step 2 smoke
The temperature of unlit cigarette ends and matchsticks can reach 800℃ after lighting cigarettes, which can cause many combustible substances to burn, accounting for a considerable proportion of fire causes, especially large fires.
For example, throwing unlit cigarette butts or matchsticks into combustible materials will cause fire, smoking in bed, especially when drunk, and cigarette butts falling on bedding will cause fire, and fire accidents caused by illegal smoking in high-risk fire places where kindling is prohibited.
3, careless use of fire in life
Mainly refers to the careless use of fire in the family life of urban and rural residents. For example, burning incense at home unattended causes incense ashes to scatter, causing fires; Cooking utensils are improperly installed in the fire and do not meet the requirements; Mattresses and clothes were baked with fire, which caused a fire.
4. Careless production operation
Mainly refers to the fire caused by violation of the safety production system. For example, the use of open flames in flammable and explosive workshops causes explosions and fires, and the mixing of articles with conflicting properties causes combustion and explosions. When welding and cutting by gas welding, due to the failure to take effective fire prevention measures, a large number of sparks and slag spilled ignited the surrounding combustible substances.
During the operation of machinery and equipment, lubricating oil is not added on time, or impurities and wastes attached to machine bearings are not removed, which causes friction and heat in this part of the machine, causing accessories to catch fire, chemical production equipment to be in disrepair, flammable gas and flammable liquid to run, escape, drip and leak, and burn or explode in case of open fire.
5. Equipment failure
In production or life, some facilities and equipment are neglected in maintenance, which leads to the failure of normal operation during use, local overheating due to friction, transportation, short circuit and other reasons, thus causing fires. For example, some electronic equipment works for a long time or is powered on, which eventually leads to internal failures and fires due to poor heat dissipation.
6. it's dangerous to do so
Underage children play with fire for fun because of lack of supervision, which is also one of the common causes of fire. During festivals and celebrations, many people like to set off fireworks or light lanterns to increase the atmosphere. The lit fireworks or lanterns are the fire source itself, which can easily cause fire and cause casualties.
7. Lightning strike
Lightning strikes buildings directly, resulting in thermal reaction and mechanical effect. High-potential lightning waves invade buildings along wires or metal piping systems, causing fires. In areas with more lightning, if there are no reliable lightning protection facilities on buildings, lightning may cause fires.
Step 8 set fire
Mainly refers to the fire caused by artificial arson, and the general parties use arson as a means to achieve a certain goal. This kind of fire is deliberately done by the parties concerned, usually after some planning and preparation, so it often lacks initial rescue, and the fire develops rapidly with serious consequences.
Proper use of gas:
1, no unauthorized connection or modification of gas equipment.
2. Canning and transporting gas are not allowed. It is forbidden to use gas cylinders upside down or lying down.
3, don't pile up flammable items around the gas equipment.
4. Regularly check the gas hoses and connectors.
5, when using gas, must keep ventilated and someone to look after.
6, cylinders to prevent exposure, it is forbidden to close to the fire or high temperature.
7, are not allowed to use open flame or open flame baking cylinders, using residual gas.
8. When using liquefied gas, the bottle and the pot should be placed side by side, and the distance between the bottle and the pot should not be less than 80cm.
Safe use of electricity:
1, don't overload electricity. Large-capacity electrical equipment such as air conditioners and ovens must use dedicated lines. Wires can't be pulled, connected or overloaded, and many electrical appliances can't be used as sockets, such as multiple air conditioners and ovens.
2, to choose qualified electrical appliances, do not use fake and shoddy electrical appliances, wires, trunking (tubes), switches, plugs, sockets, etc.
3. Don't lay wires and connect electrical equipment without permission or ask unqualified decoration teams and personnel.
4, the provisions of the use of grounding metal shell electrical appliances to do a good job of grounding protection; Don't forget to box the ground wire for the socket of the three-eye socket; Don't change the three-eye plug into two-eye plug at will.
5. Fuses suitable for conductor load should be selected, and fuses should not be arbitrarily thickened. It is forbidden to use steel wire, iron wire and aluminum wire instead of fuse.
6, don't use wet hands, wet cloth to wipe the charged lamp holder, switch and socket, etc.