1, clinical manifestations
Benign tumor refers to a tumor without invasion and metastasis. Tumors often have a capsule or a clear boundary, which expands slowly, and the tumor cells differentiate and mature, which is less harmful to the body. Benign tumor refers to the abnormal proliferation of cells in some tissues in the body, which is expanding and growing slowly like a balloon. Because the tumor is growing, it can squeeze the surrounding tissues without invading the adjacent normal tissues. Tumors are mostly spherical and nodular. Envelope is often formed around it, so the boundary with normal tissue is obvious. It can be moved by touching and pushing, and it is easy to take out during operation, and it does not transfer after taking out, with less recurrence.
Malignant tumor, also known as cancer, is characterized by the fact that the morphology of tumor cells is far from the normal tissue morphology where it occurs. The growth mode is "invasive growth" (that is, there is no obvious boundary between the tumor and the surrounding normal tissues, and there are many "crab-foot-like" tumor tissues scattered in the surrounding normal tissues on the tumor surface). In addition to the accumulation of tumors, it also directly infiltrates and destroys the surrounding normal tissues. Even if the tumor is surgically removed, there is still the possibility of recurrence. It is much more harmful to human beings than benign tumors, and has become the main cause of human death.
2. Histological and pathological sections
Benign tumors are characterized by their similar appearance to normal cells in the original tissue, slow growth in the organs or tissues where they occur, and they belong to mature cells with high differentiation and low toxicity.
Malignant tumor belongs to poorly differentiated and highly toxic primitive cells in histology, which can be divided into two categories: one is cancer caused by malignant transformation of epithelial cells, such as lung epithelial cells, which form swollen cancer, and gastric epithelial cells, which form gastric cancer. Another malignant transformation of interstitial tissue is called sarcoma, such as leiomyosarcoma and fibrosarcoma. People listen to cancer more than sarcoma, which is related to the fact that there are far more cancer patients than sarcoma patients. The ratio of cancer to sarcoma is about 9: 1.
But in the end, it will be determined by tissue culture, which will be more accurate. Diagnosis is usually made by eradication surgery and pathological section, which not only reduces the possibility of metastasis, but also clarifies the treatment principles and schemes.