The English name of turbocharging is Turbo. Generally speaking, if we see Turbo or T at the rear of a car, it means that the engine used in the car is a turbocharged engine. I believe everyone has seen many such models on the road, such as the Audi A6 1.8T, Passat 1.8T, Bora 1.8T, etc.
Turbocharger kit
The main function of turbocharging is to increase the air intake of the engine, thereby increasing the engine's power and torque, making the car more powerful. After an engine is equipped with a turbocharger, its maximum power can be increased by 40% or more compared with that without a supercharger. This means that the same engine can produce more power after being supercharged. Take our most common 1.8T turbocharged engine as an example. After supercharging, the power can reach the level of a 2.4L engine, but the fuel consumption is not much higher than that of the 1.8 engine. On another level, it is improved. fuel economy and reduced exhaust emissions.
However, after supercharging, the pressure and temperature of the engine during operation are greatly increased, so the engine life will be shorter than that of an engine with the same displacement that has not been supercharged, and the mechanical performance, lubrication Performance will be affected, which also limits the application of turbocharging technology in engines to a certain extent.
3. Types of engine supercharging
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1. Mechanical supercharging system: This device is installed on the engine and connected by a belt. The engine crankshaft is connected, and power is obtained from the engine output shaft to drive the supercharger rotor to rotate, thereby blowing pressurized air into the intake manifold. The advantage is that the turbine speed is the same as the engine, so there is no lag and the power output is very smooth. However, since it is installed inside the engine's rotating shaft, part of the power is still consumed, and the supercharging effect is not high.
2. Air wave boosting system: Utilizes pulse air waves of high-pressure exhaust gas to force air compression. This kind of system has good supercharging performance and good acceleration, but the whole device is relatively bulky and is not suitable for installation in smaller cars.
3. Exhaust gas turbocharging system: This is the most common turbocharging device we usually use. The supercharger has no mechanical connection with the engine. It is actually an air compressor that compresses air. to increase air intake. It uses the inertial momentum of the exhaust gas discharged from the engine to drive the turbine in the turbine chamber. The turbine in turn drives the coaxial impeller. The impeller pressurizes the air sent from the air filter pipe to pressurize it into the cylinder. When the engine speed increases, the exhaust gas discharge speed and the wheel speed also increase simultaneously. The impeller compresses more air into the cylinder. The pressure and density of the air increase, which can burn more fuel. The corresponding increase in the amount of fuel can increase the engine speed. of output power. Generally speaking, the engine power and torque will increase by 20%-30% after installing an exhaust gas turbocharger. However, the exhaust gas turbocharger technology also has its own points that must be paid attention to, that is, the pump wheel and the turbine are connected by a shaft, that is, the rotor. The exhaust gas discharged from the engine drives the pump wheel, and the pump wheel drives the turbine to rotate, and the turbine rotates to provide air intake. System pressurization. The supercharger is installed on the exhaust side of the engine, so the working temperature of the supercharger is very high, and the rotor speed of the supercharger is very high when it is working, which can reach hundreds of thousands of revolutions per minute. Such high speed and temperature Common mechanical needle rollers or ball bearings cannot work for the rotor, so turbochargers generally use fully floating bearings, which are lubricated by engine oil, and coolant is used to cool the supercharger.
4. Compound supercharging system: exhaust gas turbocharging and mechanical supercharging are used together. This device is often used in high-power diesel engines. Its engine output is high, fuel consumption is low, and noise is low. , but the structure is too complex, the technical content is high, and maintenance is not easy, so it is difficult to popularize.
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