The research and application of nanotechnology are mainly in the fields of materials and preparation, microelectronics and computer technology, medicine and health, aerospace and aviation, environment and energy, biotechnology and agricultural products.
The equipment made of nano-materials has lighter weight, stronger hardness, longer service life, lower maintenance cost and more convenient design. Nano-materials can also be used to make materials with specific properties or materials that do not exist in nature, and to make biological materials and bionic materials.
Examples of derivative products:
1, nanobots
According to the biological principle of molecular level, a kind of "functional molecular device", also called molecular robot, was designed and manufactured. The research and development of nano-robot has become a hot spot in the forefront of science and technology.
Many countries have formulated relevant strategies or plans and invested huge sums of money to seize the strategic highland of nano-robot, a new technology. The monthly magazine Robot Times pointed out that nano-robots have a wide range of potential uses, especially in the medical and military fields.
2. Raincoat and umbrella
Nano-raincoat umbrella is a combination of umbrella and raincoat. Nano-umbrella has three-fold umbrella and straight umbrella (in short, there are two options when collecting umbrella). Nano-raincoats can be transformed from nano-umbrellas. Nano-raincoats are different from ordinary raincoats because they can ensure that they are absolutely not wet from head to toe.
3. Waterproof material
On August 4th, 20 14, Australia made a groundbreaking T-shirt with newly invented fabrics. No matter how people try to soak it, this T-shirt can keep good waterproof performance.
This white T-shirt named Knight is 100% cotton. Its fabric is woven by hydrophobic nanotechnology, which can effectively prevent most liquids and stains from immersing. This T-shirt can be machine washed, and its waterproof function can withstand up to 80 cleanings. Its fabric has a natural self-cleaning function, and any stains attached to it can be scrubbed or washed with water. ?
Extended data:
The potential harm of nanotechnology;
1, the harm of nanoparticles
The existence of nanomaterials (materials containing nanoparticles) is not a hazard in itself. Only some aspects are harmful, especially their mobility and enhanced responsiveness. Only when some aspects of some nanoparticles are harmful to organisms or the environment can we face real harm.
2. Health problems
There are four ways for nanoparticles to enter the human body: inhalation, swallowing, skin absorption or intentional injection (or release from implants) during medical treatment. Once in the human body, they are highly mobile. In some cases, they can even cross the blood-brain barrier.
The behavior of nanoparticles in organs is still a big topic to be studied. Basically, the behavior of nanoparticles depends on their size, shape and interaction with surrounding tissues. They may lead to "overload" of phagocytes (cells that devour and destroy foreign substances), thus causing defensive fever and reducing the body's immunity.
Nanoparticles may also accumulate in organs because they cannot degrade or degrade slowly. Another worry is their potential danger of reacting with some biological processes in the human body. Due to the huge surface area, nanoparticles exposed to tissues and liquids will immediately adsorb the macromolecules they encounter. For example, this will affect the regulation mechanism of enzymes and other protein.
3. Social risks
The use of nanotechnology also has social risks. At the instrument level, it also includes the possibility of applying nanotechnology in the military field. (For example, implants or other means of equipping soldiers studied at the Institute of Soldiers' Nanotechnology at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, and monitoring means enhanced by nanodetectors. )
On the structural level, critics of nanotechnology point out that nanotechnology has opened a new world controlled by property rights and companies. They point out that just as biotechnology's ability to manipulate genes is accompanied by patents on life, nanotechnology manipulators bring patents on substances.
In 2003, more than 800 patents related to nanotechnology were approved, and this number is increasing every year. Large companies monopolize a large number of patents for nano-scale inventions and discoveries. For example, two big companies, NEC and IBM, hold the basic patent of carbon nanotubes, one of the cornerstones of nanotechnology.
Carbon nanotubes are widely used and are expected to play a key role in many industrial fields, from electronics and computers to reinforcing materials, to drug release and diagnosis. However, when their uses expand, anyone who wants to manufacture or sell carbon nanotubes, regardless of the application, must first purchase a license from NEC or IBM.
Baidu encyclopedia-nanotechnology