The main component of the first generation computer is electron tube, and the main component of the second generation computer is transistor.
The first generation of computers are bulky, power-consuming, low-speed, high-cost and inconvenient to use, which are mainly limited to some military and scientific research departments for scientific calculation. The second generation transistor computer has the advantages of small size, low power consumption, low cost, strong logic function, convenient use and high reliability. High-level languages were widely used in software, and early operating systems appeared.
transistor
Transistors generally refer to all individual components based on semiconductor materials. Transistors have many functions, such as detection, rectification, amplification, switching, voltage stabilization, signal modulation and so on. Transistors can be used for various digital and analog functions.
1947 65438+February 16, william shockley, john barton and walter brattain successfully manufactured the first transistor in Bell Laboratories. Transistor is one of the most important components in modern electrical appliances. The transistor can be used on a large scale because it can be mass-produced at a very low unit cost.
Knowledge expansion:
Transistors generally refer to all single components based on semiconductor materials, including diodes, triodes, field effect transistors and thyristors (the last three are three terminals) made of various semiconductor materials. Transistor is a semiconductor device, which is often used in amplifiers or electrically controlled switches. Transistors are the basic components that regulate the operation of computers, mobile phones and all other modern electronic circuits.
Because of its fast response and high precision, transistors can be used for various digital and analog functions, including amplification, switching, voltage stabilization, signal modulation and oscillator. Transistors can be packaged independently or in a small area, which can accommodate a part of 1 100 million or more transistor integrated circuits.
The invention of transistor can be traced back to 1929, when Lillianfeld, an engineer, obtained the patent of transistor. However, due to the technical level at that time, the purity of the material used to manufacture this device was not enough, so it was impossible to manufacture this transistor.
The DC current amplification factor, also known as static current amplification factor or DC amplification factor, refers to the ratio of the collector current ic to the base current IB of the transistor when the static signal is input, which is generally expressed by hFE or β.
Dissipative power, also known as the maximum allowable dissipation power of the collector PCM, refers to the maximum dissipation power of the collector when the transistor parameters change within the specified allowable value. Power consumption is closely related to the maximum allowable junction temperature and the maximum collector current of the transistor. When the transistor is in use, its actual power consumption is not allowed to exceed PCM value, otherwise the transistor will be damaged due to overload.