Generally speaking, a book refers to a publication with mature content, complete information system and binding form. Sci-tech books are an important source of sci-tech literature, mostly summarizing published scientific and technological achievements, production technology knowledge and experience. The range of scientific and technological books is very wide, mainly including: academic monographs, reference books (referring to manuals, yearbooks, encyclopedias, dictionaries, dictionaries, etc. ), textbooks and so on. It is an effective way to acquire knowledge of a certain subject comprehensively and systematically.
Second, sci-tech periodicals
Periodicals, also known as periodicals or magazines, refer to those continuous publications that are published regularly or irregularly and collect papers from many authors. Sci-tech periodicals occupy an important position in the source of sci-tech information, accounting for about 65% ~ 70% of the whole source of sci-tech information. It, patent literature and sci-tech books are regarded as the three pillars of sci-tech literature, and they are also the literature sources with the highest utilization rate of sci-tech novelty retrieval.
The characteristics of sci-tech periodicals are: each periodical has a fixed name and format, a continuous publication serial number, and a special editing institution for editing and publishing. Compared with books, the publishing cycle is short, the publishing speed is fast, the quantity is large, and the content is novel and rich.
Third, patent literature.
Patent documents usually refer to written technical documents submitted by the inventor or patentee when applying for a patent, which have been examined, published or authorized by the Patent Office and explain in detail the purpose, composition and effect of the invention. Patent literature in a broad sense also includes patent bulletins (abstracts) and various patent retrieval tools.
The characteristics of patent literature are: large quantity, fast reporting, wide subject field, novel content, practicality and reliability. Due to these characteristics of patent documents, their scientific and technological information value is increasing, and the utilization rate is also increasing. Chapter 19 of the fourth part of this book will specifically introduce patent literature and its retrieval.
Fourth, science and technology reports.
Scientific and technological report, also known as research report and technical report, is a formal report on the achievements made by scientific and technological workers around a certain topic, or an actual record of the progress of each stage in the research process of a certain topic. Since it came into being in the 1920s, science and technology reports have developed rapidly, becoming the second largest literature type that reports the latest scientific and technological achievements after periodicals. Judging from the contents of the report, most scientific and technological reports involve high-tech, sophisticated scientific research and technical design and their progress in different stages, which objectively reflects the experience and lessons in the scientific research process.
The characteristics of scientific and technological reports are: a separate book, the results of the report generally have to be checked and appraised by the competent departments and relevant units, the content is in-depth, reliable and detailed, not limited by space, strong operability and rapid report. Some reports are generally controlled because they involve cutting-edge technology or national defense issues.
At present, developed countries and some developing countries in the world, especially the United States, Britain, France, Germany and Japan, produce a considerable number of scientific and technological reports every year.
The Bulletin and Index of American Government Research Reports published by ntis (National Technical Information Service of the US Department of Commerce) is widely used in sci-tech novelty retrieval, and there are many forms available, such as database, retrieval publications, microfilm and so on.
Verb (abbreviation of verb) paper
Dissertations are highly academic research papers written by undergraduates and postgraduates in institutions of higher learning and scientific research in order to obtain degree qualifications (doctor, master and bachelor). It is completed on the basis of consulting a large number of documents and conducting scientific research in study and research.
The characteristics of the paper are: theoretical, systematic, concrete, detailed and original, and it is an important source of literature information.
Dissertations are not only collected in this unit, but also in units designated by the state. The designated units for the collection of master's and doctoral dissertations in China are China Institute of Science and Technology Information and National Library. China's dissertations database can be used to retrieve domestic dissertations, and Dialog international online system or comprehensive index of international dissertations, American doctoral dissertations and dissertations edited and published by University Micro International can be used to retrieve foreign dissertations.
Conference document on intransitive verbs
Conference documents refer to papers, reports, speeches and other conference-related documents published at various scientific and technological conferences. At present, more than 4,000 kinds of conference papers and hundreds of thousands of conference papers are published every year in the world. The paper database of China Science and Technology Committee is available for retrieval.
The main characteristics of conference documents are: timely dissemination of information, focused topics, novel content, strong professionalism and high quality, which often represent the latest academic research achievements of a certain discipline or professional field and basically reflect the academic level, research trends and development trends of the discipline or major. Conference literature is one of the important information sources for sci-tech novelty retrieval.
Seven. Government publications
Government publications refer to documents published by government departments and their specialized agencies, which can be divided into administrative documents (such as laws, policies, statistical data, etc.). ) and scientific and technological documents (including scientific and technological research reports of government departments, publications of scientific and technological achievements, popular science materials and technical policy documents, etc.). ), of which scientific and technological literature accounts for about 30% ~ 40%.
Government publications are characterized by their reliable contents and some duplication with other information sources. With the help of government publications, we can learn about a country's science and technology policies and economic policies. It has certain reference function for understanding its scientific and technological activities and achievements. The United States has the largest number of government publications, with thousands published every year. Other countries such as Britain, Canada and France also publish a certain number of government publications. Search American government publications and index the publication Monthly Catalogue of American Government Publications (collected by the Library of China Academy of Sciences).
Eight, standard literature
Standard literature is the general name of technical standards, technical specifications and technical rules. They are technical documents that record people's compliance in scientific experiments, engineering design, production and construction, commodity circulation, technology transfer and organization and management. Its main features are: it can comprehensively reflect the economic and technological policies, technology, production process level, natural conditions and resource conditions of the standard-setting countries; It can provide many special technical information that other documents can't contain. They are serious, legal, timely and lagging behind. Standard literature is an important reference for accurately understanding all aspects of technical information in national social and economic fields.
The retrieval tools of domestic standards mainly include China Standardization Yearbook, China National Standards Compilation, National Standards and Ministry Standards Catalogue, China National Standards Literature Database, etc. The retrieval tools for retrieving foreign standard documents mainly include international standard document database (edited by China Standard Information Center), ISO international standard catalogue, American national standard catalogue, British standard yearbook and other Chinese translation materials and original catalogues of national standards.