Traditional structure type:
In the traditional steel structure system, the cable system is prestressed to improve profitability and reduce self-weight and cost. Such as prestressed trusses, lattice structures and reticulated shells. For example, the grid structure and reticulated shell roof of Tianjin Ninghe Gymnasium and Panzhihua Gymnasium. Beam string truss, which is widely used in terminal buildings and conference centers, also belongs to this category. The other is a cable structure with a long history, such as Beijing Workers Gymnasium and Zhejiang People's Gymnasium. Its structure consists of two groups of cable systems: load-bearing cable and stabilizing cable. The purpose of prestress is not to reduce and adjust the internal force, but to improve and ensure the stiffness.
Type of suspension structure:
The structure consists of three parts: vertical support (column, portal frame, arch tripod), sling and roof. The bracket is higher than the roof, and the top of the roof is hung by steel cables. Prestress the slings to adjust the internal force of the roof, reduce the deflection and form the elastic fulcrum of the roof structure. Brackets and slings are also called exposed structures because they are exposed to the atmosphere and point directly at the blue sky. For example, Jiangxi Gymnasium, Beijing Chaoyang Gymnasium and Hangzhou Huanglong Gymnasium.
Integral stretching type:
It belongs to an innovative structural system. The span structure abandons the traditional flexural members, and is composed of Zhang Suo system, membrane surface and compression bar. The roof structure is extremely light, and the design concept is novel, so it is a leader in the advanced structural system. For example, the main Olympic Stadium in Seoul and the Olympic Sports Center in Munich. Because this system is a foreign patent, there is no engineering example in China.
Tension metal film type:
The metal diaphragm is fixed on the edge member, which is not only a maintenance structure, but also a load-bearing structure and participates in the overall load-bearing. Or in the tension state, the diaphragm is fixed on the skeleton structure to form a space block structure covering the span. Both of them are new prestressed systems born under the guidance of structural forming theory. They have been used in several major venues of the Moscow Olympic Games, but this technology is not mastered in China.