1. Competition method
There are five people in a team, one of whom is the captain and at most seven substitutes, but the number can be increased according to the organizer. The game is divided into four quarters, each of which is 10 minute, NBA 12 minute, with a 5-minute break, NBA 130 second, halftime 15 minute and NBA 15 minute. At the end of the game, if the scores of the two teams are the same, overtime will be played for 5 minutes. If the score is still the same after 5 minutes, a 5-minute overtime will be played again until the tie is broken.
2. Fraction type
After the ball is thrown into the basket and approved by the referee, it is counted as a score. 3 points can be scored for the inner input of the branch line; You can get 3 points for shooting outside the three-point line, and the penalty 1 point.
3. Way of proceeding
At the beginning of the game, each team pushes a jumper to the central jumper area, the referee throws the ball, and the jumpers from both sides start the game.
4. Player replacement
The substitution of each player should be completed within 20 seconds, and the number of substitutions is unlimited. The time to exchange players is when someone fouls, fights for the ball, calls a timeout, etc. The referee can temporarily suspend the timing of the game.
5. Free throw
Each player has four chances to be allowed to foul, and the fifth time is all out (6 times in NBA). And cannot be played again in the same game. Free throw is shooting when no one can stop or defend it. It is a punishment for the offending party and an opportunity for the opposing party. Stand behind the free throw line and shoot within 10 second after receiving the referee's ball. After shooting, you can't cross the free throw line before the ball touches the basket.
lawbreaking
Generally, it can be divided into (1) common violations, such as walking with the ball, dribbling twice (double belt), kicking the ball (foot ball) or hitting the ball with the fist. (2) jump ball violation; (3) Illegal jump ball: Before the jumper touches the ball, no one except the jumper is allowed to enter the central jump ball area.
Basic rule 2
24-second rule: the attacker must shoot within 24 seconds of holding the ball (24 seconds for NBA, CBA, CUBA, WNBA and 35 seconds for NCAA).
8-second rule: the team must control the ball from the backcourt and make the ball enter the frontcourt (the opposing half) within 8 seconds.
Five-second rule: after holding the ball, the player must throw the foul ball within five seconds, and the FIBA rules stipulate that the free throw must also be shot within five seconds.
3-second rule: divided into offensive 3 seconds and defensive 3 seconds. Attack for 3 seconds: the attacking player shall not stay in the 3-second zone for more than 3 seconds; Defensive for 3 seconds: When the offensive player corresponding to the defensive player is not in the 3-second zone or the edge of the 3-second zone and completely gets rid of the defensive player, the defensive player shall not stay in the restricted area for more than 3 seconds.
Personal foul: a foul caused by physical contact with an opponent.
Technical foul: A player or coach is convicted of a foul for poor performance, such as an argument with a referee.
Disqualification foul: a foul action made by a player that does not reflect the spirit of the athlete, such as hitting someone. When this happens, the player should be sent off immediately.
A player fouls 5 times: No matter whether it is a personal foul or a technical foul, a player * * * fouls 5 times (6 times in NBA) and must leave the field. No more games are allowed.
Foul: Violation of rules, neither personal nor technical. The main violations are: illegal dribbling, taking the ball away, 3 seconds violation, letting the ball out of bounds, kicking the ball with your feet.
Player out of bounds: The ball is out of bounds when the player touches the area outside the sideline or string with the ball or the ball itself. The ball doesn't go out of bounds in the air until it hits the line or out of line.
Interference ball: When the shot ball falls to the basket, neither player can touch the ball. Defenders must not touch the ball when it is in the basket.
After the ball hits the chessboard, the opponent must not touch the ball until it falls.
Players closely watched by defenders: Players closely watched by defenders must pass, dribble or shoot within 5 seconds, otherwise their team will lose possession of the ball (which is not stipulated in NBA rules).
Ball back to the backcourt: if the team has moved the ball from the backcourt to the frontcourt, the team players can no longer move the ball across the center line and transport it back to the backcourt. Basic knowledge of basketball: the choice and maintenance of basketball;
There are more than 100 basketball manufacturers, especially in Sanying, Spalding and CBA brand basketball markets. There are many kinds of basketball in the market, so it is very important to choose a basketball with good quality, because the basketball with good quality feels comfortable to use, and the basketball with stable bouncing and rotating performance will cultivate good dribbling habits and help to make standard and in-place technical movements. Good quality brand basketball can also enhance your self-confidence. Improve training quality and sports fun. Of course, high-quality basketball has a longer service life. For example, the impact times of Sanying brand and CBA brand basketball reach 35,000 times without deformation, and good basketball quality and service are more guaranteed.
Balls are divided into sewing balls and gluing balls. Commonly used are hand-sewn football, rubber basketball and rubber volleyball, which are made of inner container, outer skin and ball mouth. The inner container is the bladder, the heart of the ball. It is made of black rubber on the innermost layer of the ball. The epidermis is divided into synthetic leather (superfine strong fiber, PU, PVC, etc.). ) and dermis; The ball mouth is used to inflate the ball. There are balls of all sizes. Basketball is divided into three sizes: No.7, No.6 and No.5. Football is divided into No.5, No.4 and No.3. Volleyball is divided into No.5, No.4 and No.3. Commonly used are No.5 football, No.7 basketball and No.5 volleyball.
Second, how to buy good quality balls
A ball with good quality is comfortable to use, stable in bouncing performance, easy to cultivate good dribbling habits, and helpful to make standard and in-place technical movements. Brand balls with excellent quality can also enhance self-confidence, improve training quality and sports fun. They can be used many times at a time and have a longer service life. Want to buy a good quality ball, you need to consider the following aspects:
1. Buy balls produced by regular enterprises. For well-known brands, these enterprises have standardized production and strict management, pay attention to technology and product quality, and their products are relatively stable and reliable.
2. Fill the ball with proper air pressure, find a flat hard ground such as cement, and then lift the ball so that the bottom of the ball is at the height of 1.8m, let it land freely, and observe the elasticity of the ball. The good elasticity of the ball is between 1.2m and1.4m. The bad ball bounces high or low.
3. Check the leather visually for turtle marks, cracked surfaces, knife wounds, etc. Visually check whether the dermatoglyphics are fine and smooth, whether the seams of the football ball shell are neat and uniform, the exposed lines shall not exceed 1.5mm, and the shaft of the rubberized basketball shall be straight and without glue opening.
4, air tightness inspection, all kinds of balls should focus on air tightness inspection, ball requirements without air leakage, slow exhaust and other phenomena. The common inspection method is to fill the ball to a certain pressure, and then drop it on the air nozzle with clear water. If there are small bubbles, the ball is leaking.
Third, the use of the ball
1. It is best to use a special air needle as an inflation tool. Lubricate the air needle before use. Do not use deformed air needles or other substitutes to prevent damage to the air nozzle.
2. Each ball should be inflated to the specified air pressure. The standard air pressure of 7 # basketball is 0.06MPa, that of 5 # football is 0.07MPa, and that of volleyball is 0.0425MPa. Under the standard air pressure, the ball has the best performance, otherwise it is easy to deform.
3. Pay attention to the selection of balls with different material series according to different venues, which can prolong the service life.
4. After use, clean the surface of the ball. Don't wipe the real ball with a wet cloth to prevent mildew. Store in a cool and dry place.
5, don't sit on the ball, lest the ball deformation.
6. The sphere should not touch sharp objects to avoid being punctured and leaking.
First, the structure of basketball:
To buy high-quality basketball, we must understand the structure of basketball.
1, liner: that is, the bladder, that is, the heart of basketball, is made of black rubber at the innermost layer of basketball;
2. Wire winding: The middle and high-grade basketball must be evenly wound on the surface of the ball liner with nylon wire special for basketball, so that the ball liner forms a cocoon-like protective layer, but not every kind of basketball adopts this process, and many low-grade basketball does not wrap the wire, but uses gauze instead;
3. Intermediate bladder: the supporting structure between the inner bladder and the epidermis is made of rubber;
4. Skin: divided into three categories: rubber, synthetic leather (superfine strong fiber, PU, PVC, etc. ) and dermis;
5, the ball mouth: the "throat" of basketball inflation is very important for air tightness.
Second, where is the good quality basketball?
1, lining: brands like Sanying and CBA all use imported rubber, which is the same as the lining of high-end automobile tires. After strict patented technology processing, the bounce is soft and stable, which is the internal source of the delicate feel of high-quality basketball. A good feel will certainly bring good confidence.
2. Winding: Sanying, CBA brand basketball only uses nylon thread special for basketball with very good flexibility, and it is evenly wound with a precise special winding machine for basketball for 2 kilometers, which makes the basketball bounce more textured, the ball flies more stably and accurately when shooting, and the basketball is more firm and not deformed;
3. Leather: High-quality basketball is made of leather specially made by professional manufacturers, which can meet the requirements of different venues and the feel habits of customers. Sanying Basketball and CBA brand basketball provide a variety of basketball series with different materials for basketball lovers to choose from.
Third, how to distinguish all kinds of basketball
1, look for the trademark of brand basketball;
2, check the overall production process;
3, check the bounce, perimeter, center of rotation, ball technology and comprehensive feel, etc.
4. Check whether the free pin and bag are complete;
5. Check whether the printing and number of the certificate are consistent with the bar code on the sphere;
6. Check whether the retailer has the designated dealer certificate issued by the brand basketball manufacturer, and both Sanying Basketball and CBA brand basketball have specially made designated dealer certificates;
7. If you are not sure of the authenticity, you can call the manufacturer directly.
Buy a good quality basketball, but also pay attention to the use of:
1, the basketball pressure should be 7-9 kg, otherwise it is easy to deform. Test method: on the flat and hard ground, let the basketball fall freely from the height of 180CM, and the rebound height is 125- 145 cm, which is normal;
2. Pay attention to choose indoor/outdoor basketball with different material series according to different venues;
3. After use, clean the surface of the ball (leather basketball should not be wiped with wet cloth to prevent mildew) and store it in a cool and dry place.
Basketball court facilities
1. backboard (West el tablero): Both backboards should be made of transparent materials, preferably reinforced safety glass, and the hardness is equivalent to 3 cm thick wood. The size of the backboard is 1.80 m in width and 1.05 m in vertical height, and its lower edge is at least 2.90 m from the ground. The surface of the backboard should be smooth, and a rectangle with a width of 59 cm and a height of 45 cm should be drawn around. The upper edge of the bottom line of this rectangle must be connected with the upper end of the ring.
2. Basketball (West el canasta): Basketball includes the hoop (West el aro) and the basket (West la red). Basket-Made of solid iron, the inner edge is at least 45cm in diameter and at most 45.7cm in diameter, and painted orange. The minimum diameter of the metal hoop is 1.6 cm and the maximum diameter is 2.0 cm. Nets-should be white, hanging on the basket, its purpose is to make the ball have a slight resistance after entering the basket. The fishing net should have 12 meshes to be hung on the hoop, with a minimum length of 40 cm and a maximum length of 45 cm. The vertical height of the basket is 3.05 meters.
3. Ball: Basketball must be a perfect circle with orange color. The outer skin must be made of leather, rubber or synthetic materials, weighing 600-650g and having a circumference of 75-78cm. The degree of air pressure in the ball falls on the playing field at a height of about 1.8m from the bottom of the ball, and its rebound height shall not be lower than 1.2m or higher than 1.4m from the top of the ball.
4. Timer: Timer should be installed where everyone can clearly see it, so as to show the game time, scores of both sides and the number of fouls of the team.
5.24-second timer: The 24-second timer should be automatic, with digital countdown and seconds display unit.
6. Record forms: The record forms of all official competitions organized by FIBA must be approved by FIBA.
7. Foul card: It should be white, and the minimum size of the number should be 20 cm long and 10 cm wide. The 2×20-minute competition system is numbered 1 ~ 5 (1 ~ 4 is black and 5 is red). 4× 12 minutes, the number is 1 ~ 6 (1 ~ 5 is black and 6 is red).
8. Team foul sign: The team foul sign should be red, at least 20 cm wide and 35 cm high, and put it on the record table for everyone to see clearly.
Brief introduction of international standard basketball court
The basketball court (West la cancha) is a rectangular solid plane without obstacles. The standard playing field is 28m long and15m wide. The ceiling or the lowest obstacle shall be at least 7m high.
The long side of the basketball court is called the sideline and the short side is called the end line. All the lines on the court must be very clear, with a line width of 0.05m, and draw a circle with the midpoint of the center line as the center and the radius of 1.8m, which is called West el círculo central. West lazona de Tiro de 3 puntos/Tiro triple is a ground area defined by two arches on the court.
Regional setting of international standard basketball court
Forbidden area: draw two straight lines from both ends of the penalty area to the ground area formed at 3 meters from each end line.
West la zona de tiro libre: It is a semi-circular area with the penalty line as the center and the radius of 1.80m outside the restricted area, and it is the area where the penalty is executed.
Three-point shooting area: it is the ground area defined by two arches on the field.