1. Highlight the impact of the current situation on the characters’ thoughts
Judging from the last three chapters, the current situation is the main factor that constitutes the typical environment of "The True Story of Ah Q". In terms of the relationship between the characters and the environment, the author highlights the impact of the current situation on the characters' thoughts. Q usually has a prejudice that the revolutionary party is a rebellion, and rebellion means making things difficult for him, so he has always "hated it deeply and despised it." , and Dang Juren’s boat brought great unrest to Weichuang. People's hearts were shaken, and the current situation changed drastically, and his thoughts also changed accordingly. He turned from hating the revolutionary party to "fascination" and wanted to "surrender to the revolutionary party." And when he publicly announced his rebellion, the people of Weichuang looked at him with fear. This scene "made him feel as comfortable as drinking snow water in June." He became even more proud, and his thoughts became more excited. Overjoyed, a series of "revolutionary ideas" were born to achieve a turnaround on political, economic and marriage issues. However, when "people's hearts in Weichuang became increasingly quiet" and the political power was still controlled by the "original officials", that is to say, when the revolutionary situation reached a low ebb, Ah Q became "easy to lose his temper" and "always felt that he "So frustrated", especially when he went to the monastery to go to the monastery for revolution and encountered a setback in "getting acquainted" with the fake foreign devils. It’s been wiped out.” Even sadness turned to anger, resulting in a strong and peculiar revenge mentality. Every change in Ah Q's thoughts was deeply affected by changes in the current situation. It is in the process of Ah Q's ideological changes that the author vividly and vividly depicts Ah Q's basic character trait of urgently demanding "revolution" but never realizing it. Similarly, the reactionary characters in the novel also show different mentality depending on the current situation. When the revolution was on the rise, they felt panic and uneasiness. On the other hand, they were running out of agencies and plotting to please Ah Q, who considered himself a revolutionary party, or colluding with each other to speculate on the revolution. When the situation stabilized, they changed their identities one by one and regarded themselves as revolutionaries. They were "arrogant about everything" and even waved "mourning sticks" to suppress the revolution. The author depicts their cunning and insidious characters precisely through changes in mentality.
In social life, the current situation is the most sensitive issue. Changes in the current situation have the greatest and most widespread impact on social groups. Describing psychological activities from the perspective of the influence of the current situation can better reveal the nature of the characters' thoughts; at the same time, it also enriches the connotation of the characters' psychology of the times, making the characters' personalities have distinctive characteristics of the times. More importantly, because the film of the character's soul has left behind memories of life and events at that time, "The True Story of Ah Q" has become a mirror reflecting the Revolution of 1911.
2. Fusion of psychological personality into psychological personality
Typical characters in literary works have both personality and personality. The more broadly the *** is summarized, the more representative the image will be, and the more universal the social problems revealed will be. Personality refers to the unique character traits of this character that are different from any other character. The more prominent the personality, the more distinct the character image, and the more touching the artistic power. Personality and personality are organically unified in one character. The organic unity of Ah Q's passion and personality is mainly achieved through psychological description. The integration of psychological nature into psychological personality can be said to be another important feature of the psychological description in "The True Story of Ah Q". From a political perspective, Ah Q's "Spiritual Victory Method" concentratedly reflected the bad character of the entire people of old China. This bad character was a combination of the long-term accumulation of negative factors in feudal culture and the defeatism that emerged after the Opium War. product. After "The True Story of Ah Q" was published, many people thought it was a scolding of themselves, which shows how profound and broad its psychological connotation is. At the same time, Ah Q's yearning for revolution and his strong desire to change his difficult situation are also widely representative. It can be said to be the unanimous voice of the vast number of poor farmers living in the dark old China. From a personality perspective, Ah Q's psychological activities are always organically linked to his social status, living environment, and way of thinking. Likes to boast may be the common weakness of the people of old China, but the content of boasting is different. Landlords and capitalists look down upon others because of their money, bureaucrats look down upon others because of their power and position, and the intelligentsia can also look down upon others with their knowledge. However, all of this has nothing to do with Ah Q. He has nothing and knows nothing, so he can only look down on "the past" Others: "We were much richer than you before! Who do you think you are!" This was Ah Q's boast and could not be anyone else's.
Like others to flatter yourself, this may be a common psychology of many people, but the content of flattering yourself is different in personality. Ah Q "liked" the "praise" of "really can do it". Because this is very consistent with his work of "cutting wheat when wheat is cut, pounding rice when rice is pounded, and punting boats when boating". Occasionally he is "praised", which makes him feel very right. He even doesn't know whether it is sincere or ridiculing, but feels "very happy". like". This mentality is naturally unique to Ah Q. Paranoia and conservatism are a common problem among people in closed and backward countries, but this common problem is very personal in Ah Q. On the one hand, he is "more conceited" because he has been to the city several times. On the other hand, he thinks that the city people's way of calling "bar stool" and using "scallion strips" is wrong and "ridiculous". However, how did Ah Q know that this was exactly what was ridiculous about him? This was related to the fact that he had lived in the closed rural village of Weichuang for a long time and was ignorant of worldly affairs. Apart from the county town, he did not know that there was a wider world outside, so Take pride in entering the city. And because he has lived in Weichuang for a long time and is accustomed to the Weichuang way of life, anything slightly different from this way of life will be considered wrong and "ridiculous" by him. This is precisely Ah Q's living environment and life experience. The common problem of extreme conservativeness has a unique manifestation in him. Although changing their difficult situation is the common wish of the majority of poor farmers, Ah Q has a unique psychological connotation that is different from any other poor farmers. Other poor peasants may also imagine themselves joining the Revolutionary Party, but it will not be the Revolutionary Party walking past Tugu Temple and calling him, "So let's go together," because this is the most convenient for Ah Q. Other poor farmers will also have demands for political change, but they do not necessarily regard Little D as the first to die, because Little D once took away his livelihood and had a "dragon-tiger" feud with him. The descriptions of these psychological activities vividly reflect Ah Q's unique psychological characteristics.
The characteristic of psychological description that integrates personality into personality is also reflected in the process of unifying changing factors and constant factors in Ah Q’s psychological connotation. The most outstanding thing about Ah Q is the "Spiritual Victory Method", which has different contents on different occasions and under different circumstances. When others ridiculed him for the leprosy on his head, he would retaliate by saying "You are not worthy"; when he was beaten, he would have the idea of ??"son beating me"; when the fake foreign devils did not allow him to make revolution, he would think of " Complaint", so that he was "caught and beheaded in the county", thereby winning spiritually. However, among these changing psychological connotations, in essence, they are run through by the "Spiritual Victory Method", which remains unchanged. Ah Q also had the same impression of the revolutionary party. When the revolutionary climax came, the majestic "white helmets and white armor" appeared in his mind. When the revolution was at its lowest ebb, the "white helmets and white armor" appeared in his mind. "Fragments of white armor", this is changing, but after he longed for the revolution, he always thought of "white helmets and white armor". Until he was arrested in the city and beheaded, he also stated that he would "vote" (the Revolutionary Party), which is not the case. Changed. Starting from this, Mr. Lu Xun once asserted: "If China is not revolutionary, Ah Q will not do it. Since it is revolutionary, he will do it." The changing elements more reflect the psychological personality of the characters, while the unchanging elements are more It reflects the psychological independence of the characters.
The psychological description feature of integrating personality into personality is most prominently reflected in Ah Q’s way of thinking. When Ah Q suffers humiliation or his future is blocked, he will develop a rebellious mentality and seek revenge on the other party. This is also a common mentality among people, and can also be regarded as Ah Q's psychological nature. However, Ah Q is surprisingly rebellious. He had leprosy on his head and hated others making fun of it. This kind of protective mentality may be common to everyone, but Ah Q used his leprosy as material to laugh at others ("You are not worthy..."), and then further Thinking that it is a sign of honor ("It is as if what is on the head is a noble and glorious leprosy, not an ordinary leprosy"), which is not what ordinary people think of. When someone grabbed his yellow braid and asked him to say that it was a man beating an animal, he admitted that he was "beating an insect." Surrendering to powerful enemies may not be unique to Ah Q, but he "felt that he was the first person who could despise himself" and further thought from "the first" to "isn't the number one scholar also the first?" 'Huh?" To equate oneself with the number one scholar and thereby despise the other party is an extraordinary way of thinking. He used this way of thinking to take revenge on Mr. Zhao, Wang Hu, and the fake foreign devils. In other words, Ah Q's psychological process has never left this way of thinking.
To sum up, the characteristic of this way of thinking is that after suffering humiliation, he will do everything possible to link himself to the things he considers the most glorious or authoritative, so as to defeat the other party mentally and obtain a kind of satisfaction that he has never had before. Mr. Lu Xun called it "overcoming the enemy with wonderful methods." No matter how illogical, ridiculous, or unworkable this line of thinking was, he still clung to this way of thinking. In this way, he is always a loser in reality, but always a winner in spirit. This is a pathological way of thinking that has been distorted under pressure. There may be many reasons for this way of thinking, but the most fundamental one has to be found from the social status of Ah Q. He has lived at the lowest level of society for a long time and is an extremely poor and weak person. He is unable to fight against the humiliation imposed on him by society and does not have the courage to face reality, so he has to use self-deception to seek spiritual relief. Over time, he also A certain mindset is formed. The long-term poisoning of him by feudal culture is also one of the reasons for this peculiar way of thinking. His belief in scholars, successful candidates, number one scholar, and family prestige, and his observance of feudal ethics and morals, "everything is in line with the biblical sages" revealed this information. Mr. Lu Xun once commented on Ah Q's "eternal pride": "This may also be evidence that China's spiritual civilization is the best in the world." Let's look at Ah Q's view of leprosy as a sign of nobility and glory, which is different from the feudal elders. They regard the dregs of feudal culture as the "quintessence of the nation", and their forms of thinking are so similar! It is more important to express character in terms of thinking than in terms of psychological activities. Because: First, the formation of the way of thinking requires a longer period of historical precipitation than the formation of psychological activities, and it is the way and guidance of psychological activities, which can reveal the root causes of society at a deeper level. Second, it makes the character's personality more distinct and prominent. Just like the madman in "Diary of a Madman" became a madman because he had a madman's way of thinking, the reason why Ah Q became Ah Q was mainly because he had Ah Q's way of thinking. Ah Q has become an immortal model in the history of world literature, largely due to Mr. Lu Xun's success in expressing the character in terms of thinking. I think this is the brilliance of Mr. Lu Xun in novel creation and the greatness that surpasses other writers.
3. The techniques for describing psychological activities are rich and varied
Mr. Lu Xun is also very particular about the techniques for expressing the psychological activities of characters. The use of rich and colorful techniques to express the psychological activities of characters is another feature of the psychological description of "The True Story of Ah Q". Here I would like to give a few examples from the rich and varied techniques and briefly explain them as a way to understand the characteristics of this art.
1. Convey psychological information by drawing psychological pictures. The author uses the method of painting to express some of Ah Q's important psychological activities, and the psychological activities described give people a strong sense of pictures. What best embodies Ah Q's "revolutionary" demands is a series of thoughts that popped up in Tugu Temple on the night Ah Q announced his "rebellion." The author uses four natural paragraphs to describe his psychological activities, and each natural paragraph is a vivid picture. According to the content of the pictures, we can call them in sequence: the revolutionary party’s mighty march, Ah Q’s political turnaround, and Ah Q’s economic turnaround. The fourth paragraph is about Ah Q’s choice of spouse. We might as well call it It's called a "beauty pageant". These pictures convey important psychological information and are the main basis for us to understand Ah Q's thoughts and character. He imagined the revolutionary party to be very powerful and cordially called him to join, which reflected his eager desire to join the revolutionary party. However, he imagined the revolutionary party as "white helmets and white armor", holding a "steel whip" and " "Hook, sickle and spear", which in turn reflects his ignorance of the revolutionary party and the deep influence of feudal culture on him. He imagined that he would be happy to stand up politically after joining the Revolutionary Party. His majestic air reflected the depth of his oppression and his strong desire to stand up, but he wanted to put himself above everyone else, regardless of distinction. The indiscriminate killing of enemies and friends shows that he only regards political change as venting personal grudges. He also has a strong desire to change the long-term tight economic situation, but judging from the psychological message conveyed in the picture, he only regards the economic turnaround as a convenience for himself to take things, and wants to enslave those who have been enslaved for a long time like himself. Little D, in fact, he only regards revolution as seeking his own selfish interests. After the revolution was successful, it was understandable that he would have an ideal spouse, but his choice was permeated with feudal moral concepts and feudal aesthetic consciousness.
When we say that he has never been awakened, we mainly mean that he never has a correct understanding of the purpose, objects and tasks of the revolution. It is believed that having a strong revolutionary desire but never realizing it is the core of Ah Q's ideological character. This is a conclusion reached after analyzing and abstracting the psychological information conveyed by the mental picture. It is this contradictory thought and character that determines the tragic ending of Ah Q. The pictorialization of psychological activities makes the character's personality more vivid and vivid, making the character's image more lifelike. Of course, psychological information can be conveyed without the help of pictures, but novels are, after all, highly visual literary works. Visual psychological description is always better than explicit preaching. Drawing pictures of psychological activities and conveying psychological information of characters may not be Mr. Lu Xun's patent. For example, Maupassant's psychological description of Mathilde in "The Necklace" is very graphic. But there are differences between the two methods. Mathilde's psychological picture is drawn by the author from another perspective. Ah Q's psychological picture is created by the author through his imagination, which can better express the character's personality. It can be seen from the image in the picture that Mr. Lu Xun used the technique of combining form and spirit and blending scenes, which more reflected the national style, thus forming another feature of Ah Q's psychological description.
2. Enrich and deepen psychological connotations by promoting characters to trigger associations. When Ah Q was taken to the execution ground and paraded through the streets, there was a wonderful psychological description of him:
Ah Q then looked at the cheering people.
At this moment, his thoughts were whirling in his mind like a whirlwind. Four years ago, he met a hungry wolf at the foot of the mountain. He never approached or far away from him and was determined to eat his flesh. He was so frightened that he almost died. Fortunately, he had a hatchet in his hand, which gave him the courage to support him in Weichuang. However, he would always remember the wolf's eyes, fierce and timid, shining like two will-o'-the-wisps. It penetrated his flesh from a distance. And this time he saw more terrifying eyes that he had never seen before. They were blunt and sharp. Not only had they chewed his words, but they also wanted to chew things other than his skin and flesh. They would never go far or near him.
These eyes seemed to be one, already biting his soul.
This mental activity is composed of similar associations. Here, the author expresses the inner activities of the characters through associative descriptions, giving a deeper and more thorough insight into the world of life, effectively exposing and lashing out the ignorant and numb souls of the people, and revealing the serious harm of ignorance and numbness: not only does it help The feudal forces ate not only Ah Q's body but also his soul. This is the fundamental reason why it is difficult for the Chinese revolution to happen, and even if it does happen, it will inevitably fail. We can also get a glimpse of Mr. Lu Xun's unique thought in "Diary of a Madman", "Medicine" and this article: in order for China to have hope, it is necessary to expose and criticize the ignorance and numbness of the people to save the people. soul. It is this kind of psychological description that brings the richness and depth of psychological connotation.
3. Use language appropriate to the situation to elicit the psychological activities of the characters. When Ah Q was thinking happily, he used "The candle flames flickered like a night, and his thoughts also jumped up." When he was frustrated when he went to "get acquainted" with the fake foreign devils, he expressed his sorrow, which was introduced by "so sorrow arose in his heart." When he was taken to the execution ground, he used "his thoughts were whirling in his mind like a whirlwind". These lifted-up languages ??are varied, novel, unique, and appropriate to the situation. They either heighten the mood or color the mood. They are auxiliary words for psychological description, forming unique characteristics. Its image and vividness are incomparable to those bloody words full of "you think", "I think" and "he thinks".