Li Yong Alkali Industry Company was founded by Fan Xudong in Tanggu, Tianjin on 19 17. The purpose of founding is to produce soda ash from China and break the monopoly of foreigners. Success depends entirely on technology. However, the company can't obtain advanced alkali production technology. At that time, the ammonia-alkali method (also known as Sulvi method) was completely monopolized by the Sulvi Association in Europe and America. 1920, Mr. Chen Tiaofu, who went to the United States to find talents, met Hou in new york, and their strong desire to revitalize the national industry made them hit it off.
The principle of Sulvi method is simple, but it is difficult to make alkali forever by this method, and you have to explore it yourself. Hou knows that it is difficult to start a business and needs hard work. After returning home, he took off his suit, put on blue overalls and rubber shoes, and appeared at the scene and workshop.
The commissioning process of Li Yong Soda Plant is like a canoe in the vast sea, and it will encounter storms and reefs at any time. Various technical problems will suddenly strike at any time. First, the ammonia distillation tower was blocked, and then the combustion furnace was scarred. Hou led the engineers, fighting day and night, groping day and night, and working hard and creatively every step forward.
On August 1924 and 13, the soda plant will be put into production. People gather at the outlet of alkali, just like looking forward to the birth of a third-generation child, hoping to see the birth of Zhongyan as soon as possible. But alkali is not white, but red and black, which can't be compared with foreign alkali. Shareholders began to be disappointed, suspicious and even disheartened. Fan Xudong thinks it is more important to go ahead despite difficulties at this time, and insists on driving. However, it never rains but it pours. Finally, the combustion furnace cracked and the factory had to stop working. Hobonde went to America and re-ordered the advanced calciner.
On August 29th, 1924, the soda plant was put into operation for the second time. When the workers pulled open the brake baffle of the alkali outlet, the alkali surface like snow gushed out from the outlet, and everyone around them cheered. Hou couldn't help shedding tears of sadness, happiness and gratitude.
The successful manufacture of soda ash in China has broken the monopoly of foreign goods in China and the western blockade of soda ash production technology. 1In August, 926, the World Expo was held in Philadelphia, and Wynn's "Red Triangle" brand soda won the evaluation of "symbol of China's industrial progress" and won the gold medal in the conference.
/kloc-at the beginning of 0/938, Hou decided to build Yonglichuan factory in Sichuan. However, the concentration of salt water in local deep wells is low. For example, the utilization rate of salt in Sulvi process is only 70%, and the cost is considerable. Later, I wanted to use the tea house method improved by the Germans. Although this method is immature, the utilization rate of salt reaches 90% and the waste liquid is almost zero.
1In August, 938, Hou led a delegation to Berlin for investigation, intending to purchase the patent of Tea Temple Law. I don't know the moral day, but I've been secretly colluding and trying to kill them. During the negotiations, the German side first offered a high price to make things difficult, and then proposed: "In the future, it is not allowed to sell products patented by the Tea Temple Law in the three northeastern provinces. "Germany publicly denied that the three northeastern provinces were dumping sites in China, and the negotiations were immediately terminated because the conditions insulted national rights. The door to buying patents has been closed. Hou said with deep feelings, "people with yellow hair and green eyes can get it out, but people with black hair and black eyes can't?" "
Determined to go his own way, Hou Deyang moved to new york, improved the Sulway process and created a new method of alkali production. The disadvantage of Sulway method is that sodium in salt combines with carbonate in lime to form needed sodium carbonate, while chlorine combines with lime to form useless calcium chloride, and 30% of salt does not react. We must improve these shortcomings.
To create a new alkali path, we must first set up a laboratory. 1in the spring of 939, a laboratory was established in Hongkong, and the experimenter was remotely commanded by Hou in new york. Hou thoroughly studied two patent specifications about the tea-temple method, planned all the contents of the new alkali-making experiment, and gave clear instructions on the specific objectives and experiments, giving detailed guidance in time. After more than 500 cycle tests and more than 2000 sample analyses, the new process was finally completed at 1940.
The post-process is a combination of ammonia-alkali process and synthetic ammonia process, and the utilization rate of salt can reach 95%. Chlorine in salt no longer produces useless calcium chloride, but is made into agricultural nitrogen fertilizer ammonium chloride; Moreover, alkali production and synthetic ammonia are integrated, which simplifies the production process, saves equipment and greatly reduces investment.
194 1 in March, people decided to name the new combined soda production method "Hou's soda production method". Although the research on Hou's alkali production method originated from Cha 'an method, it finally deviated from the characteristics of Cha 'an method, forming the whole process of close integration of alkali production industry and synthetic ammonia industry, and pushing the world's alkali production industry technology to a new peak.
(Excerpted from Li Zhichuan's Hou Chuan)
(1) The following analysis and summary of biographies, the two most appropriate ones are (5 points) ().
A. After being invited to return to China, their patriotic enthusiasm and strong desire to revitalize the national industry are their spiritual motivation to overcome the difficulties in soda production in China.
B. Sulvi process is a soda production process. The principle of this process is simple, but its production and application are very complicated, which is the fundamental reason why soda ash can not be successfully produced later.
C. The quality of local deep well brine in Sichuan is poor, the utilization rate of Sulvi process salt is only 70%, and the cost is high, which makes Hou have to choose a new process of alkali production.
D. The successful development of Hou's soda production method has broken the monopoly of foreign goods in China and the western blockade of soda production technology, and China's national industry has embarked on the track of rapid development.
E. This paper describes the process of Hou's successful mastery of "Sulvi method" and the successful development of "Hou's soda production method", showing the great achievements and personality charm of a great scientist.
(2) Why do you feel bitter, happy and grateful when you can't help crying? Please answer separately. (6 points)
(3) What has Hou done to develop "Hou Shi Soda Process"? Please summarize it briefly. (6 points)
(4) To achieve a career requires all kinds of qualities. Combined with Hou's success, talk about your views and explain the reasons. (8 points)
Reference answer: Chinese network
12.( 1)A C (A gives 3 points, C gives 2 points, D gives 1 minute) (B. The "root cause" is technical blockade. D. "National industry" should
It is "alkali industry", which is not accurate. E. Describe Hou's successful manufacture of soda ash in China, instead of "successfully mastering Sulvi method", which generally deviates from the narrative center).
(2) (1) Sorrow is due to the difficulty and doubt in making alkali. (2) Happiness, because soda ash was successfully made, which broke the western monopoly. (3) Grateful for Fan Xudong's support in difficult times. (2 points per point)
(3)① Thoroughly studied the Sovey method and the Cha 'an method. (2) Planning a new experimental scheme for alkali production. (3) give detailed instructions on the experimental process. (2 points per point)
(4)① Have the heart to serve the motherland and provide a strong impetus for the achievements of the cause; ② Be hardworking, because it is difficult to start a business; (3) Have the professional quality to provide support for overcoming difficulties; 4 not afraid of difficulties and obstacles, not intimidated by difficulties. Three o'clock will do. 2 points per point)