Comprehensively improve the independent innovation capabilities of enterprises
Author: Zhang Yanning Reposted from: Economic Daily Number of clicks: 1583
In today's world, science and technology have become an important factor in the economic and social development of various countries. The decisive force has become an important symbol of the country's comprehensive national strength. The competition among enterprises is no longer the competition of product quantity and price, but mainly the competition of product technology content, brand, quality, safety and cost. The ability of independent innovation is the core competitiveness of a country and the key to the survival and development of enterprises. Only by comprehensively improving the independent innovation capabilities of our country's enterprises and mastering more independent intellectual property rights can we break through the technological monopoly of developed countries and multinational companies, strive for a more favorable trade position and competitive advantage, and contribute to improving our country's international competitiveness and risk resistance. Ability provides important support.
1. Chinese enterprises must strive to be the mainstay of independent scientific and technological innovation
According to statistics, currently 80% of the world’s investment in scientific and technological R&D and 71% of technological innovation are produced by the world’s top 500 companies. Created and owned, 62% of technology transfer occurs among Fortune 500 companies. In the mid-1980s, many large Japanese companies established basic R&D laboratories and continued to increase investment. Private enterprises play a leading role in the process of digestion and absorption, further research and development, and popularization of technology after it is introduced. Technology introduction and independent research and development are interdependent. First, introduction is the basis, and then independent intellectual property rights are developed, forming an "enterprise-oriented" scientific and technological development pattern. The history of world industrial development in the past century shows that almost all technologies that really play a huge role in promoting industry come from enterprises. Such as Bell Labs in the communications field, Ford in the automotive field, Boeing and Airbus in the aviation field, DuPont and Bayer in the chemical industry, Siemens in the machine tool field, IBM, Intel, Microsoft, etc. in the computer field. They are all leading companies in independent technological innovation. Enterprises play an important role in technological progress and innovation. Only when the independent innovation capabilities of thousands of enterprises are improved can the country's overall innovation capabilities be enhanced.
We must establish a technological innovation system that is enterprise-centered, market-oriented, and combines industry, academia, and research. We should implement various policies to encourage independent innovation, increase the protection of intellectual property rights, and improve credit services. and financing environment, improve the talent incentive mechanism, and give full play to the key role of talents in independent innovation activities. With enterprises as the main body, the main reason is that enterprises are closest to the market, understand the actual and potential needs of the market, and have the ability to transform scientific and technological achievements into commodities and recover R&D costs. Scientific and technological R&D requires a large investment of funds and manpower. Only enterprises can pass Only the market can reflect the role and value of scientific research results. Only by mastering the commanding heights of industrial technology can an enterprise be in an advantageous position in competition. This is also the need for the enterprise's own survival. Every business operator should be deeply aware that without intellectual property rights for independent innovation, it will be impossible to launch competitive products, adapt to the fierce competition in the international and domestic markets, save resources, reduce costs, and develop new markets. Market demand and so on will be at a disadvantage for a long time.
The dominant position and independent innovation capabilities of an enterprise are mainly reflected in: first, it can fully reflect the core role of independent innovation in the enterprise’s development strategy, and has clear development goals and measures; second, it can fully reflect the core role of independent innovation in the enterprise’s development strategy; Play a leading role in , research cooperation, and be good at quickly transforming scientific research results in the society into stereotyped products of one's own company to the market; third, being able to proactively and quickly transform technological advantages into product advantages, and then into market advantages, to achieve the goal of relying on technological innovation Enhance market competitiveness.
2. Advantageous enterprises should play a leading role in independent innovation of science and technology
From the specific situation of our country, original innovation, integrated innovation and introduction, digestion, absorption and re-innovation should be highlighted. First, different enterprises must be selected and positioned according to their respective development levels, strengths and other specific circumstances, and strive to seek new breakthroughs in various forms of innovation in accordance with their own development goals and technology research and development implementation plans. Second, large enterprises and enterprise groups must take the lead. Aiming at the long-term development goals of the enterprise, gradually develop, conquer and accumulate independent core technologies in their respective industries to reach an internationally competitive level. Large enterprises and enterprise groups should take the lead in engaging in integrated innovation, focusing on developing independent key core technologies, and extensively cooperate with other enterprises, especially related supporting small and medium-sized enterprises, to develop systematic integrated independent innovation technologies for leading products. .
Third, qualified and advantageous enterprises must have the courage to conquer the core technologies of leading products and strive to reach the international advanced level. Large enterprises, enterprise groups and advantageous enterprises must closely integrate with the national scientific development plan, set up R&D centers, and develop medium and long-term applied technologies and related basic technologies. It is necessary to have a professional team to engage in R&D work. High-quality talents are the most important resource for independent innovation and technological development. Efforts should be made to cultivate and absorb R&D talents, and special attention should be paid to the discovery and cultivation of leaders and leading talents. External talents can be recruited, external talents can be utilized through cooperation, and required talents and related technology patents can also be obtained through mergers and acquisitions. Fourth, scientific research enterprises are professional teams of independent innovation and can play a unique role in the new stage of development. Fifth, in the face of market demand for goods, most enterprises, especially small and medium-sized enterprises, must focus on extensive mass activities such as rationalization of technological progress and internal training to cultivate employees' dedication to work and the spirit of excellence, and persist in Discover and improve practical problems during on-site production activities, pay attention to the interaction between upper and lower processes, and continuously create new technologies, especially in the production of parts and small commodities. Adhere to the development approach of digestion, absorption and then innovation in introduced projects and cooperation projects. Make full use of the existing foundation to achieve further improvement, and gradually cultivate technology patents with independent intellectual property rights.
3. Enterprises must strengthen the accumulation and protection of intellectual property rights
Intellectual property rights are corporate intangible assets and the main support for corporate brands. Its effective development and operation management are the key to promoting An important guarantee for the sustainable development of enterprises. An idea, an invention, and a patent often make an enterprise grow from scratch, from small to large, from weak to strong. If enterprises want to improve their core competitiveness, they must accelerate independent innovation in science and technology, increase investment in science and technology, and bring technological achievements to the market in the form of patents. The ability to create and apply intellectual property rights has become a major feature of an enterprise's comprehensive competitiveness.
It is understood that Shanghai recently implemented the "Intellectual Property Strategy Outline" and a series of measures to encourage enterprises to independently create patented technologies. It carried out patent pilot projects for 112 enterprises and identified 25 enterprises including Baosteel as patent workers. Demonstration enterprises form a radiation effect from the three stages of cultivation, pilot and demonstration. From January to August 2005, *** applied for more than 22,000 patents, an increase of 74% over the same period last year, including more than 15,600 corporate patent applications. The output value of Shenzhen's high-tech products has accounted for 53% of the total industrial output value, and technologies with independent intellectual property rights account for "half" of the output value of high-tech products; and has formed computer manufacturing, communication equipment, rechargeable batteries, flat panel displays, In the six major industrial chains of digital TV and biomedicine, the city's number of patent applications and authorizations are leading among large and medium-sized cities in China. Relevant data show that the regions with the most patent applications nationwide are Guangdong, Zhejiang, Shanghai and Jiangsu.
The creation, utilization, protection and management of independent intellectual property rights will also produce huge benefits. Developed countries are doing everything possible to maintain the rapid development of patents, trademarks, copyrights, and designs. Intellectual property management occupies a very important position in large European and American enterprises. Take Germany's Siemens as an example. It has 12 intellectual property management departments around the world and more than 400 intellectual property managers manage the company's 150,000 various types of items. intellectual property. Dutch Philips has 10 intellectual property offices around the world, with 150 full-time managers managing the company's 65,000 patents, 210,000 trademarks and 4,000 designs. South Korea's Samsung Corporation has 17 R&D centers around the world and more than 30,000 R&D personnel, accounting for about 1/4 of all employees.
To speed up technological progress, the most important thing for Chinese enterprises is to rely on independent innovation and achieve technological independence. Currently, some multinational companies are reluctant to sell advanced technologies to potential competitors. Facing a strict legal system and opponents who are highly concerned about intellectual property protection, Chinese enterprises must improve their legal ownership and management capabilities for intellectual property rights, proprietary technologies, and trademark use rights, and strengthen basic work such as professional legal knowledge. Otherwise, high costs and tuition fees will be paid in foreign cooperation. The advanced technologies created by multinational corporations with massive capital investment make it inevitable to protect them in every possible way. Even the so-called "technological spillover" in foreign cooperation is very limited, and it will still be limited to the fact that its intellectual property rights cannot be damaged.
4. Enterprise technological innovation requires the support and guarantee of institutional innovation and management innovation
Management and technology are the two wheels that promote economic development.
Improving the ability of enterprises to independently innovate science and technology requires effective organizations and mechanisms, and the rational allocation of various resources. In particular, it is necessary to straighten out various relationships and create a good environment that stimulates managers and scientific and technological personnel to exert their creative spirit. Comrade Hu Jintao recently pointed out that scientific management must always be regarded as an important link in promoting scientific and technological progress and innovation, and the level of scientific management must be continuously improved. The practice of my country's modernization drive shows that the more modernized, the more high-tech, and the more important construction projects are related to the lifeline of the national economy and national security, the more scientific management must be strengthened.
System reform is the driving force for development and an important guarantee for achieving scientific development and independent innovation in science and technology. Enterprises' independent scientific and technological innovation is inseparable from institutional innovation and management innovation. To promote independent scientific and technological innovation in enterprises, we must understand the important role of independent scientific and technological innovation in ensuring the sustainable and healthy development of enterprises from a strategic perspective. Only by concentrating various resources to enhance independent innovation capabilities can enterprises ensure their position in market competition. At the same time, we must have the courage to break the scientific and technological system and management system that constrains enterprise scientific and technological innovation, truly and effectively establish a scientific and technological innovation system that combines industry, academia and research, and form a new mechanism that closely integrates scientific and technological innovation with enterprise development and social progress. Efforts should be made to achieve the best combination of human, material and financial resources and improve the efficiency of independent scientific and technological innovation of enterprises. It is necessary to improve organizational management, strengthen the digestion, absorption and independent innovation in some key and strategic technical fields, increase investment in research and development, and enhance the ability of continuous innovation. We must take advantage of our ability to concentrate our efforts on big things. In the cooperation within large enterprises and enterprise groups, as well as between enterprises, we should try our best to concentrate our advantages on conquering some key technologies. It is necessary to overcome and remove various obstacles that affect independent innovation in science and technology from the perspective of system, mechanism, management and corporate culture.
(Executive Vice President of China Enterprise Confederation)