Modern biopharmaceutical technology is a high-tech closely integrated with the pharmaceutical industry. The following is my carefully recommended model paper on biopharmaceutical technology, I hope you can feel it!
model essay on biopharmaceutical technology
analysis of biopharmaceutical technology
Chinese library classification number R473.6 document identification code a article number 1672-3783(211)4-344-2
Abstract Modern biopharmaceutical technology is a high-tech closely integrated with the pharmaceutical industry, constantly providing new products and new dosage forms for the pharmaceutical industry. This paper analyzes several biopharmaceutical technologies and the prospect of biopharmaceuticals.
keywords biopharmaceutical technology
a brief introduction to biopharmaceutical technology
1 Genetic engineering technology: hormones and many active factors are important substances for regulating human physiological metabolism and function, which have strong activity and obvious clinical efficacy. However, these substances are very rare in nature, and it is difficult to extract them from human bodies and animals, and the sources are limited, which cannot meet the clinical needs. However, modern biopharmaceutical technology provides such cheap and efficient drugs for clinic. Insulin is a hormone drug for treating diabetes, which is usually extracted from animals. Its resources are scarce and expensive. The human or animal insulin synthesis gene is separated by genetic engineering and transplanted into microbial cells, and the gene expression is realized. The recombinant microorganism obtained by genetic engineering is called genetic engineering bacteria. Using genetic engineering bacteria to produce 1 grams of insulin in 2L fermentation irrigation is equivalent to the output extracted from 45 kg of pancreas. Human growth hormone (HGH) is a protein hormone secreted by the anterior pituitary gland, which consists of 191 amino acids, and its molecular weight is 22D d. In the past, human growth hormone could only be isolated and purified from the anterior pituitary gland, and its application was severely limited. At present, it can be obtained by animal cell technology with genetic engineering technology, and, like human growth hormone, it is clinically used to treat dwarfism caused by HGH secretion disorder in the anterior pituitary gland, promote the recovery of traumatic tissues such as burns and fractures, and also to improve the symptoms of senile renal atrophy and treat gastric ulcer.
2 enzyme and cell immobilization technology: microbial transformation and enzyme catalysis technology have been widely used in pharmaceutical industry. The combination of enzyme and immobilization technology makes up for the deficiency of enzyme, and has made remarkable progress in pharmaceutical industry, such as the production of 6-APA by Escherichia coli phthalase, hydrocortisone by plowshare, and dextrose intoxication by lactic acid bacteria transforming sucrose. The former BeohringerNannhein Company in West Germany has made great progress in the immobilization of penicillin phthalein enzyme. They have put into production the micro-spherical immobilized enzyme by polyacrylamide gel embedding method, and its surface activity is 1-15U/g,1kg of immobilized enzyme can produce 5kg6-APA, which can react continuously for 3 times. The conversion rate of immobilized enzyme with the second generation of engineering bacteria has reached 85%-9%. The number of reactions reached 9 times, and some people can maintain their activity for more than 1 days after immobilization. Immobilized cells, especially microbial cells, have been widely studied and applied in the synthesis of antibiotics, hormones, amino acids and other drugs. Many optically active compounds can be obtained by separating ibuprofen with immobilized enzyme membrane reactor. In vitro experiments show that the activity of its S-isomer is 1 times higher than that of its R-isomer. In recent years, the artificial kidney composed of various immobilization systems can be repeatedly converted in vivo, which has remarkable clinical effects.
3 Cell engineering and monoclonal antibody: Plant cell engineering culture technology is of great significance for opening up new drug resources, industrializing the production of microbial raw materials and protecting the ecological balance of nature. In the clinical application of TCM, there are thousands of kinds of Chinese herbal medicines, 89% of which originated from plants. At first, wild resources were collected by hand. Finally, due to the limited wild resources and continuous development and utilization, it is difficult to meet the needs. Many precious medicinal materials such as Gastrodia elata, Ginseng, Angelica sinensis and Huangmao all adopt plant cells and large-scale culture technology, which contains more effective components than natural plants. For example, the content of Ginselagoside in cultured ginseng cells is 5.7 times higher than that in natural plants. Cultured tobacco cells c. The QIO content is 16.3 times higher than that of natural plants and so on. Therefore, plant cell engineering will create a new generation of traditional Chinese medicine preparations for the benefit of mankind. Animal cell culture technology is mainly based on plant microorganisms, so it is difficult to produce protein drugs and realize industrialization and commercialization. The parent company in Velko, England, used an 8 cubic meter culture tank to produce interferon A as a typical example of industrialized animal cell culture, which was called "super-large-scale" animal cell culture and was successful. In 1975, British scientists produced hybridomas by the fusion of lymphocytes and bone marrow cells. After in vitro culture and separation, some asexual cell lines can be obtained, which can secrete immunologically uniform antibodies. This antibody is a monoclonal antibody, which has shown great vitality in the world. Because of its strong specificity and convenient operation in the medical field, more and more monoclonal antibodies have replaced traditional antiserum for clinical diagnosis. After the first monoclonal antibody diagnostic reagent was approved by the United States in 1981, 37 kinds were approved in 1983-1984, and 55 kinds were approved by the FDA in 1985. By the end of 1987, the United States had approved more than 1 kinds of monoclonal antibody diagnostic reagents, which were mainly used for the diagnosis of AIDS, tumor diseases, hepatitis B and bacterial infections, and had remarkable clinical effects. Because monoclonal antibodies bind to the corresponding antigens with high specificity, some people try to use antibodies against tumor antigens as carriers of anti-tumor drugs, so that anti-tumor drugs can selectively kill tumor cells without harming normal cells. This targeted drug composed of monoclonal antibodies and anti-cancer drugs is called "biological missile".
application prospect of biotechnology
1. Increase R&D investment and establish an efficient R&D product line. Most small and medium-sized biomedical enterprises in China lack a perfect independent research and development system, and the efficiency of new product research and development is low. This is related to the serious shortage of R&D investment in domestic biomedical industry. At present, most R&D investment of domestic biomedical enterprises accounts for less than 1% or even less than 2% of sales revenue, which is far lower than that of similar foreign enterprises. Insufficient R&D investment often leads to weak follow-up product development. Domestic biomedical enterprises need to increase investment in R&D, establish or improve an efficient general technology platform from upstream construction, pilot scale-up, clinical research to final production, and provide a steady stream of new products for enterprise development. A few domestic enterprises, such as Shenyang Sansheng, spend 1% of their sales revenue on R&D every year. The company has successively developed a series of products, such as interferon, IL-2, EPO and recombinant human thrombopoietin, with good business performance.
2 the development of drugs expressed in mammalian cells is a great opportunity for the development of biomedicine in China. Most of the world's leading varieties adopt the technology platform of mammalian cell culture. At present, especially monoclonal antibody drugs have become an important development direction of biomedicine. In China, most of the leading products can't be localized, often not because of patent restrictions, but because the technology platform is basically not mastered in China. It is expected that in the next few years, domestic enterprises that can truly solve the important technical platform of efficient expression and large-scale culture of mammalian cells will get rich profit returns.
3 select appropriate industrialization projects. The development of pharmaceutical products is risky. Even if the products are successfully developed, only about 3 out of every 1 new drugs can earn more than their development expenses, while the income of the other 7 new drugs is not enough to compensate their research and development expenses. Like other chemicals, most biomedical products have low profitability or even losses. Therefore, before the biomedical R&D project is established, it must be comprehensively demonstrated in terms of science and market, so as to reduce the risk of project R&D and marketing failure.
Biomedical industry is an industry with great development prospects. With the development of biomedicine such as "human genome", more and more biogenic drugs will be developed and put into production, and the biomedical industry will flourish.
reference
[1] Wen Shumei. Development trend of global biopharmaceutical industry [J]. china biotechnology, 26,26(1):92-96
[2] Wang Hongfei. Development status of American biotechnology industry [J]. Global scientific and technological economic outlook, 25(1):42-44
[3] He Hongyu, Wen Jianping. A glimpse of the development of biotechnology industry in Europe and America [J]. China Pharmaceutical, 25,2(14):16-17
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