The production method of modern black plaster is as follows:
1 Basic raw material selection
1.1 Oil quality
Cottonseed oil, bran oil, soybean oil , rapeseed oil, peanut oil, and mixed oils can all be used, but they are more likely to produce foam. When refining oil, a large gap should be left in the pot to avoid overflowing. Among them, although cottonseed oil can be refined in theory, the quality of plasters made from it is difficult to control. Some tests have shown that even after refining, cottonseed oil has the worst brightness and the worst congestion on the skin [2], so it is recommended not to use it. Tung oil and animal fat oil should not be used either. The vegetable oil is preferably sesame oil, which has the advantage of less foaming during refining. The plaster made from it is bright in color, cool in nature, easy to penetrate into the skin, and has good viscosity and quality. The author tried to refine it with refined rapeseed salad oil, and also achieved good results. The quality of the plaster is similar to that of black plaster refined from sesame oil [3]. This is because refined salad oil has removed impurities in the oil, such as mucus proteins, free fatty acids, phospholipids, pigments, etc.
1.2 Yellow Dan
Also known as Zhang Dan, Lead Dan, Red Dan, Dong Dan, and Tao Dan, it is an orange-yellow powder whose main component is lead tetroxide. The purity It is required to be above 95. If the content is insufficient, the amount of elixir should be increased during exercise to make up for it. When this product contains water, it aggregates into particles. When the elixir is added, the elixir sinks to the bottom of the pot and is not easy to fully react with the oil. Therefore, it must be fried in an iron pan or dried in a drying oven before use. Generally, the color turns orange-red after drying. Some scholars add polymer matrix and azone to the original black plaster matrix or use other matrices to replace the traditional black plaster matrix. Zhou De used zinc oxide instead of Mi Tuo Xia Dan to form a softening medicinal meat matrix at 30-37°C. This zinc soap matrix avoids the skin absorption of lead. After being applied to human skin for 20 hours, no local irritation was found, and the sticking and peeling properties are good. Zhao Hongwu added a compound polymer matrix and 3-azone to the lead soap matrix, which can significantly increase the transdermal absorption of berberine compared with traditional black plaster.
Pharmaceutical processing
2
Traditional preparation methods divide medicinal materials into coarse materials and fine materials. Generally, medicinal materials are chopped appropriately to prepare for heating and extraction with oil. Special medicines require special treatment. For example, frankincense and myrrh should be crushed immediately after freezing in the refrigerator overnight; borneol and camphor can be ground into fine powder by adding a small amount of ethanol in a mortar; medicines containing volatile oils such as cinnamon, angelica, and asarum should be Dry at low temperature and then pulverize; the musk can be ground into fine powder in a mortar. Special medicinal powder is usually put into the dissolved plaster and mixed well before spreading the plaster. Precious medicines such as musk are spread on the surface of the plaster after spreading. Qiu Faxin improved the traditional production process of black plaster, soaking a certain proportion of Chinese herbal medicine (except soluble and volatile medicinal materials) in 95 ethanol and leaving it for 24 hours, heating and refluxing for 2 hours, recovering the ethanol, and decoction the filtered medicinal residue in distilled water. Boil and extract, concentrate
to form an extract, combine it with the ethanol extract, refine the vegetable oil until it drips and form beads, add Zhang Dan above 320 ℃ to make a matrix, after removing the fire toxin, combine the matrix with the obtained Heat the extract in a slow fire or water bath, stir, and mix evenly. After the water is completely evaporated, add soluble and volatile ingredients and mix evenly. The improved method uses alcohol extraction followed by water extraction, which can completely extract fat-soluble components and water-soluble components without being damaged by high temperatures, which can improve the effectiveness and economic benefits of drug treatment.
3 Preparation method
3.1 Extraction
(boil withered to remove residue) For materials with hard texture and difficult to explode, such as raw aconite and raw grass. The black nux vomica and nux vomica should be fried first, and after they are browned, general medicines such as spring breeze wisteria and chicken Spatholobus should be added; when they are fried to withered and yellow, light medicines such as radix rhizome, eleuthero bark, epimedium, etc. should be added; until Fry the medicine until it becomes brown, and finally use a stainless steel wire sieve to remove the medicine residue and set aside.
3.2 Oil refining
Oil refining is the most critical step in preparing plasters and is directly related to the quality of plasters.
If it is "tender", the plaster will be soft and easy to move and flow out after being applied to the skin; if it is "old", the plaster will be brittle, have low adhesion, and will easily fall off when attached to the skin.
The author believes that when refining the oil, the medicated oil with the residue removed should continue to be refined on the furnace until it "drops into beads". At this time, if a small amount of the oil is dropped into the water, it will coalesce into beads and will not disperse, and the oil smoke in the pot will disappear. It changes from cyan to white, and the oil flowers gather from the periphery of the pot wall into the pot.
3.3 Xiadan paste
Xiadan refers to the process of adding yellow Dan to the refined oil to react to generate fatty acid lead salts. Lead salt can further promote the oxidation, polymerization and thickening of oil into a paste. When adding elixirs, use the "fire up and down elixirs" method to place the dried yellow elixirs in a medicine sieve and slowly sift them into the hot oil on the stove. At the same time, use a wooden stick to constantly stir in one direction to prevent the elixirs from settling in the pot. end. When a large amount of white smoke appears and the hot oil boils violently, the addition of Huang Dan should be suspended, and then added when the smoke reduces. Stop when there is no more violent reaction, and continue to simmer and stir until the white smoke dissipates. When the medicated oil changes from tan to dark brown, drop a small amount into cold water. If the last few drops can sink to the bottom of the water and the ointment does not stick to your hands after taking it out, and the consistency is appropriate, it is ready. At this time, the plaster adhered to the wooden stick that stirs the plaster should also be as bright as paint.