China pays more and more attention to intelligent manufacturing. In order to implement the strategy of manufacturing a strong country and firmly grasp the main direction of intelligent manufacturing, in recent years, the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, together with relevant departments, has successively issued Intelligent Manufacturing Development Plan (20 16-2020), Intelligent Manufacturing Engineering Implementation Guide (20 16-2020) and National Intelligent Manufacturing Standard System Construction Guide (20) Combined with the current economic and industrial development needs, based on the essential needs of manufacturing industry, the specific objectives, four key tasks and six major actions are put forward, which provide clear guidance for local governments to formulate their own industrial plans, provide strong institutional support for the development of intelligent manufacturing, and constantly improve the top-level design of the country to promote intelligent manufacturing.
In recent years, the development of intelligent manufacturing in China has shown a good trend and the supply capacity has been continuously improved. The market satisfaction rate of intelligent manufacturing equipment exceeds 50%, and there are more than 40 system solution suppliers whose main business income exceeds 654.38+0 billion yuan. The popularization and application have achieved remarkable results. The production efficiency of pilot demonstration projects increased by 45% on average, the product development cycle was shortened by 35% on average, and the defective rate was reduced by 35% on average. New modes and formats such as discrete intelligent manufacturing, process intelligent manufacturing, network collaborative manufacturing, large-scale personalized customization and remote operation and maintenance services are constantly emerging. In addition, with the rapid development of related technologies of intelligent manufacturing, under the influence of factors such as consumption upgrading, rising factor costs and increasing environmental constraints, the demand of China enterprises for intelligent manufacturing is increasing day by day, and it has become the largest demand market of intelligent manufacturing in the world. Accelerating the transformation to intelligence has become the consensus of the industry.
At the same time, the key core technologies of intelligent manufacturing are short-board, intelligent manufacturing equipment and technology are heavily dependent on imports, the integration of intelligent manufacturing system is not high, the standard system of intelligent manufacturing still needs to be improved, and the lack of high-quality talents in the field of intelligent manufacturing still exists.
First, adhere to market dominance and build an intelligent manufacturing development ecology.
Give play to the guiding role of government departments. Strengthen organizational leadership, regard intelligent manufacturing as an important direction for the transformation, upgrading and high-quality development of China's manufacturing industry, improve top-level design and macro guidance, strengthen overall coordination, carry out research on forward-looking and strategic major issues of intelligent manufacturing, enhance cooperation between the central and local governments, encourage local governments to introduce supporting policies and laws and regulations, and guide the gathering of various social resources to form a systematic work pattern. Establish a guiding mechanism for project layout in key areas of intelligent manufacturing, take local industrial parks as the carrier, further promote the integration of industrialization and modernization, national defense and civil technology, innovate the two-way transformation mechanism of military and civilian scientific and technological achievements, encourage enterprises to accelerate the implementation of intelligent manufacturing in light of their own reality, and continue to do a good job in safety production and environmental protection.
Promote the coordinated development of industrial chain. Encourage industry organizations to carry out all kinds of intelligent manufacturing supply and demand docking activities, promote the docking of intelligent manufacturing equipment manufacturers, system integrators and overall solution service providers with demand enterprises, and promote the demonstration and application of independently controllable equipment, systems and software in the region on a regional basis. Encourage local organizations to carry out smart manufacturing promotion activities for small and medium-sized enterprises, and guide small and medium-sized enterprises to actively apply new smart manufacturing models to enhance their development competitiveness. Encourage and support qualified regions and industry associations to organize intelligent manufacturing experience exchange meetings, on-site promotion meetings and other activities to guide and drive local regions and industries to improve the level of intelligent manufacturing.
Second, adhere to integrated development and build an intelligent manufacturing industry platform.
Attach importance to the construction of intelligent manufacturing basic platform. Focusing on the establishment of an independent and controllable industrial system, we will make great efforts to fill in the shortcomings of technology, equipment, systems and software, organize the implementation of strong industrial foundation projects, high-end equipment development catch-up projects and key technology research projects, accelerate the conquest of high-end CNC systems, precision sensors and other intelligent manufacturing core technical foundations and key components, and comprehensively break through a number of key links such as design, technology, testing and testing. Strengthen the construction of intelligent manufacturing standards and encourage key enterprises in the field of intelligent manufacturing to implement technical standards strategy. Encourage industry organizations, local governments, industrial parks, universities, research institutes and leading enterprises to build intelligent manufacturing innovation centers, set up intelligent manufacturing innovation engine research institutes, and build public service platforms such as intelligent manufacturing technology research and development, inspection and testing. Accelerate the development of industrial supporting software and improve the supporting ability of industrial software. Accelerate the construction of next-generation information infrastructure networks such as industrial Internet, Internet of Things, 5G and IPv6, and constantly improve the infrastructure construction of industrial Internet of Things. Encourage public technology research and development platforms to provide services such as industrial design, management consulting, contract research and development, inspection and promotion, and support scientific research institutes and universities to open major scientific research infrastructure and large scientific research instruments to local enterprises.
Actively develop intelligent manufacturing application systems. We will further implement the state's opinions on deepening the integration and development of manufacturing and the Internet, give full play to the role of networking scientifically, accelerate the development and promote the informationization, data and intelligence of production, supply, manufacturing and circulation services. At the enterprise level, we should vigorously develop intelligent manufacturing industrial software such as digital design, digital manufacturing and product life cycle management, innovate and develop new system solutions such as intelligent manufacturing units, intelligent production lines, intelligent workshops and intelligent factories, and build a cyber-physical systems reference model and a comprehensive technical standard system; Facing the industry level, we will vigorously promote the development of industrial internet, promote industrial intelligent manufacturing system solutions, integrate industrial factor resources, promote the overall optimization of the whole industrial chain, develop new production modes such as networked collaborative manufacturing, and serve and promote the evolution of manufacturing from automation to autonomy. Support software and Internet enterprises and manufacturing enterprises to build an Internet-based "double innovation" platform, encourage the construction of a large platform for integrated application of technologies such as industrial cloud and big data, and provide standardized and professional software and network system solutions for small and medium-sized enterprises everywhere.
Third, adhere to institutional innovation and improve the intelligent manufacturing innovation system.
Accelerate the further integration of new technologies. With the full penetration of new generation information technologies such as mobile Internet, cloud computing, big data, blockchain and Internet of Things, core equipment such as sensors and intelligent instrument control systems in modern manufacturing industry and high-end intelligent equipment such as high-end CNC machine tools, robots and 3D printing equipment, digital workshops, cloud manufacturing platforms and other system platforms, technology and manufacturing industry are deeply integrated. New Internet technologies will reconstruct the industrial value chain and ecological circle.
Seize the commanding heights of technical standards. Promote enterprise and industry standards, improve national standards, and seize the commanding heights of international standard setting. Focus on formulating and revising the national special standards for intelligent manufacturing, take technical standards as the norms for the development of intelligent manufacturing, and carry out research and experimental verification on the basic and industrial application standards system of intelligent manufacturing with enterprises.
Fourth, adhere to safety and controllability, and optimize the configuration of intelligent manufacturing elements.
Improve the comprehensive utilization efficiency of land. Intensive use of China's existing industrial park space resources, making it an important carrier of new increment. Support all localities to adjust measures to local conditions, improve the entry threshold of projects and improve the level of intensive land use from the aspects of input-output intensity, energy consumption and water resources consumption. Encourage the study of differentiated policies for the secondary development and utilization of industrial land, comprehensively use planning, land, capital and other means, take measures such as recovery, repurchase and replacement, revitalize land resources, and reserve space resources for the transformation, upgrading and development of intelligent manufacturing.
Innovative financial support methods. On the one hand, all localities should give full play to the role of financial funds, actively connect with relevant state support policies, give full play to the leverage of financial funds, guide social capital and professional institutions to invest in key areas of intelligent manufacturing, and improve the efficiency of the use of financial funds. On the other hand, encourage the introduction of relevant policies, broaden the financing channels of enterprises, broaden the effective ways for financial resources to gather in real economy enterprises, give play to the role of finance in boosting technological innovation, and strengthen support for major national science and technology projects and national R&D key plans in the field of intelligent manufacturing. Implement support policies such as the first set of major technical equipment and the deduction of R&D expenses. Further play the role of policy finance and development finance, increase financial support for industrial transformation and upgrading, support financial institutions to provide financial support for key enterprises with broad market prospects to improve the level of production automation and intelligence, carry out technological transformation and equipment renewal through syndicated loans, export credit and project financing within their business scope, and build a financial service platform for qualified enterprises to establish international R&D, production system and brand promotion.
Fifth, adhere to systematic promotion to ensure the coordinated development of intelligent manufacturing.
Improve the project support service system. Focusing on the integration of informatization and industrialization, brand quality construction and the improvement of industrial design level, we will build various forms of interactive docking service platforms for industrial investment, assist project discovery, incubation and promotion, and promote breakthroughs in key links. Support the development of industrial alliances, technical service organizations, international standardization organizations and other service organizations, focusing on intelligent manufacturing, and carry out the creation of service activities for technical standards, information and industrialization integration management standards. Strengthen the creation and management of intellectual property rights, build a public service platform for intellectual property rights such as patent information utilization, and strengthen the layout of patent portfolios and the construction of patent pools in key areas.
Organize the introduction of talents in key fields. Guide the enrollment plan of colleges and universities to tilt to the relevant majors corresponding to the top ten key areas of manufacturing, such as undergraduate electronic information, machinery, materials, marine engineering, aerospace and higher vocational equipment manufacturing, electronic information, etc. , increase the proportion of professional degree graduates in key fields, and encourage enrollment units to expand the scale of doctoral training in major basic research and major scientific research directions in manufacturing. Give full play to the important role of enterprises in vocational education, encourage intelligent manufacturing enterprises to cooperate with schools to build talent training bases and training bases, establish and improve a diversified talent training system with enterprises as the main body, various colleges and research institutions as the support and training institutions as the auxiliary, build an innovative talent training platform combined with Industry-University-Research, build a number of high-level talent innovation and entrepreneurship bases, and accelerate the introduction of leading talents in related fields with independent intellectual property rights, which are expected to form lasting economic growth points and are in urgent need of talents to return to China for employment and entrepreneurship.
Deepen foreign exchanges and cooperation. Strengthen exchanges with relevant countries, regions and international organizations, carry out intelligent manufacturing technology, standards and talent cooperation, track the global development trend of intelligent manufacturing in time, and gather intelligent manufacturing resource elements around the world. Encourage multinational companies and foreign scientific research institutions to build intelligent manufacturing R&D centers, demonstration factories and training centers in China. Strengthen the protection of intellectual property rights and promote the establishment of basic systems and standards such as data resource property rights, transaction circulation, cross-border transmission and security protection. Relying on * * * to build the "Belt and Road", the BRICS cooperation mechanism and the Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership Agreement (RCEP), strengthen strategic cooperation with leading foreign enterprises, accurately and systematically promote intelligent manufacturing in key areas and regions, and enhance the level of cooperation and development. Encourage intelligent manufacturing equipment, software, standards and solutions to "go global".
Promote the coordinated development of regional industries. On the one hand, give full play to the advantages of the national independent innovation demonstration zone, promote the relevant pilot policies to tilt towards key industries of intelligent manufacturing, and establish a development mechanism that meets the requirements of intelligent manufacturing and has the characteristics of the times. On the other hand, promote the coordinated development of regional intelligent manufacturing, encourage local innovation and improve the policy system, explore the development path of regional intelligent manufacturing with unique characteristics, and promote cross-regional cooperation in key technological innovation, supply and demand docking, and personnel training of intelligent manufacturing. Explore the establishment of * * * enjoy * * and mutual recognition mechanism of qualifications, promote the establishment of * * * park construction, energy conservation and emission reduction, tax sharing and other benefit distribution and responsibility sharing mechanisms, and establish a mutual recognition system of enterprise production licenses and other qualifications.
The author is Xu Donghua, Party Secretary, Dean and researcher of the Institute of Economic Management of Machinery Industry.
Source/Economic Magazine-Economic Net
Editor/Tan Ran