1. Different meanings: Radio frequency identification RFID is a technology that is easy to operate and suitable for the field of automatic control. It uses the transmission characteristics of inductance and electromagnetic coupling to achieve automatic identification of identified objects. RFID positioning systems usually consist of electronic tags, radio frequency readers and computer databases. According to whether the electronic tag is active or not, it can be divided into active RFID and passive RFID.
UWB positioning systems usually include UWB positioning base stations, UWB positioning tags and positioning engines. UWB positioning technology transmits data by sending ultra-narrow pulses at the nanosecond level and below, and can obtain GHz-level data bandwidth with low transmit power and no carrier.
2. Different emphasis: The electronic tag of active RFID contains a battery, so the signal transmission range is larger than that of passive RFID, reaching more than 30 meters. At the same time, fingerprint positioning based on RSSI measurement can be achieved.
Passive RFID systems rely only on inductive coupling and therefore have no batteries. Compared with active RFID, it is smaller, more durable and lower in cost. Passive RFID positioning systems mostly use proximity detection methods to achieve positioning.
The main advantages of UWB positioning technology are low power consumption, insensitivity to channel fading (such as multipath, non-line-of-sight channels), strong anti-interference ability, and will not cause interference to other devices in the same environment. It has strong interference and penetration (can penetrate a brick wall for positioning), and can achieve good positioning results indoors or in situations where buildings are relatively dense.
At the same time, it can also achieve higher accuracy when performing ranging, positioning, and tracking, and can be applied to positioning and tracking of stationary or moving objects and people.
3. Summary: UWB positioning technology has higher accuracy than RFID positioning technology, and is more suitable for industries that require higher positioning accuracy, such as chemical industry personnel positioning, coal mine personnel positioning, and electric power energy. Personnel positioning, manufacturing personnel positioning, public security and judicial personnel positioning, tunnel personnel positioning, etc.
Extended information:
UWB technology has the advantages of low system complexity, low transmit signal power spectral density, insensitivity to channel fading, low interception capability, and high positioning accuracy. It is especially suitable for High-speed wireless access in dense multipath places such as indoors.
UWB technology is a wireless carrier communication technology that uses frequency bandwidth above 1GHz. It does not use a sinusoidal carrier wave, but uses nanosecond-level non-sinusoidal narrow pulses to transmit data, so it occupies a large spectrum range. Although it uses wireless communication, its data transmission rate can reach more than several hundred megabits per second. .
UWB technology can transmit signals over a very wide bandwidth. The U.S. Federal Communications Commission (FCC) stipulates that UWB technology occupies more than 500MHz of bandwidth in the 3.1 to 10.6GHz frequency band.
Reference: Baidu Encyclopedia-UWB