Basic elements of the final report
The final report is not a diary. This report is mainly to introduce your research process and results to the readers, with the purpose of stating things clearly. Don’t necessarily stick to a fixed pattern. However, the basic elements of the report should be present, that is, the following issues should be clearly introduced.
①What did you do (research topic).
②Who did it (members of the research team - who are the project leaders and team members?).
③Why do you want to do it (the purpose, significance, source and background of the topic).
④How to do it (the process of project research).
⑤How well done (results of the project research).
⑥Discuss or experience (what unsolved problems need to be discussed with peers; what feelings are shared with peers).
⑦References (the author, name, book or publication name, title, journal number, publication or reprint time, and page number of the article should be indicated. If the reference article is searched online, the address).
Writing of the final report
The final report mainly includes investigation reports, experimental reports and short papers. The following is an introduction to the writing formats of these three types of research reports:
Investigation report
Investigation report refers to the record that is compiled and analyzed after the investigation of the research object. , is a written material reflecting the survey results. The structure of an investigation report generally consists of three parts: introduction, body and conclusion. There is no fixed form of expression in the investigation report, and it generally has the following components:
A. Title
The object, field, and For questions such as direction, the title should be able to summarize the entire article.
B. Introduction
Briefly and concisely describe the purpose, significance, tasks, time, location, objects, scope, etc. of the investigation. Pay attention to clearly explaining the purpose, pertinence and necessity of the investigation, so that readers can understand the general situation, initially grasp the main purpose of the report, and attract attention.
C． Body
This is the body of the investigation report. This part requires analyzing and sorting out a large amount of materials from the survey, summarizing a number of items, and describing them in sections to ensure that the data is conclusive, the examples are typical, the materials are reliable, and the opinions are clear. Use data as much as possible. If it can be expressed in chart form, it can increase intuitiveness and make it clear at a glance.
The writing arrangement should be orderly, with clear priorities and appropriate details. There are roughly the following writing methods: ① Write point by point in the order of investigation; ② Write according to the process of the emergence, development and change of the people and things in the unit under investigation to reflect their regularity; ③ Compare two things, To show the right and wrong, advantages and disadvantages, and find out the differences; ④Category and describe them one by one according to the characteristics of the content. This arrangement is relatively common. Finally, write down the results of the investigation clearly.
When dealing with opinions and materials, you can first list the materials, then analyze and make inferences to elicit opinions. You can also state your point of view first and then explain it with the analysis of factual materials obtained from the investigation.
D. Conclusion
The inductive conclusion is to explain what issues were investigated, what conclusions were obtained, and what problems were explained.
2. Experiment report
The experiment report is a comprehensive summary of the entire experimental process after each subject experiment, and presents an objective, summarized report that can reflect the entire process and its results. Written documentation of results. The components of the report are:
A. Title
In addition to being concise and clear, it should also reflect the characteristics of the experimental research.
B． Question raising
Reveal the background, purpose, and significance of the experiment. The content of the experiment should be specific and clear in one sentence.
C． The experimental method
should explain how to select the experimental subjects, the type of organization of the experiment, whether it is a single group, an equal group or a round group, the measurement standards, and the experimental procedures.
D. Experimental measures
That is, what the independent variables include.
E. Control of irrelevant factors
What methods are used to control which irrelevant factors.
F. Experimental results
This part is the key to the experimental report. The most important thing is to present data and typical examples.
The data must be verified to be accurate, pay attention to the correct format of charts, use statistical tests to illustrate the relationship between independent variables and dependent variables, and have typical examples to make the experiment more convincing.
G． Analysis and Discussion
The experimental results answer the questions raised at the beginning of the chapter. Carry out theoretical analysis and demonstration of the results to see whether they are theoretically tenable or have any significance for the development of theory; compare the experimental results with similar studies to find out the success or failure, and provide opinions on controversial issues in the experiment ; Put forward the problems and shortcomings of this experiment that need to be further studied.
H. Conclusion
It is a summary of the entire experiment and answers the questions raised by the experiment. Be careful when drawing conclusions, and the applicable scope of the conclusion should be consistent with the sampling scope.
3. Short essay
A short essay generally consists of the following four parts:
A. Title
Use one sentence The words point out the problem that the author wants to study. Topic selection is an important step in essay writing. The topic selection for middle school students' essays should be determined based on the principles of necessity, creativity, scientificity, feasibility and typicality.
B. Introduction
The content of the introduction should meet two requirements: ① Clearly explain the purpose and significance of the research, the status of previous research, and the problems to be solved by this research. ② Try to keep the text concise and to the point. Just point out the problem without going into too much elaboration.
C. Main Thesis
This is the main body of a paper. In the main essay, the author puts forward his own point of view, especially the novel and original things he proposes. He uses rich materials to develop a full and rigorous discussion to confirm or overturn a certain point of view. There are often two ways of thinking about writing the main argument: ① Issue-argument-argument. ②What-why-how.
D. Conclusion
This is a summary of the entire research work. It briefly summarizes the conclusions or opinions drawn and can also propose questions and directions for further research in the future. If the conclusion has been revealed in advance, this part is only the end of the article, but it must be noted that it corresponds to the beginning.
Things to note when writing a final report
Design the form well. Many research results are presented in the form of tables, and tables are very effective for summarizing results, especially when the report includes a large amount of statistical information. However, the contents of the table must be clear and easy to read, properly arranged, and organized logically. The following rules should be followed to construct a relatively clear table: ① The name of the table should be specific to the table content; ② The rows and columns should include appropriate subtitles; ③ The table space should be able to clearly separate numbers and not be crowded; ④ In an article The table format must be consistent.
2. Members of the research team must work together and strive for excellence in writing reports. The final report is usually written by one student, but it requires the close cooperation of other team members. Before writing the report, it is best for the writer to give an oral report first and solicit opinions to improve the written report; the language of the report should be accurate, concise, and easy to understand; after the report is completed, all team members can discuss it for further approval and modification ,Complete. If you are writing an investigation report, it is best to have the student who is in charge of the investigation write it in person. After the report is completed, you should also consult with the people under investigation to make sure it is accurate before finalizing it. The details are as follows:
Title
——Subtitle (if any)
Two lines of blank text
Name
Time