1. How to teach picture composition well
Picture composition is writing based on the content of pictures.
Although this form is used more frequently in lower grades of primary schools, it is by no means exclusive to lower grades of primary schools. This form can be used for teaching compositions and examination compositions at all stages of basic education. The difference lies in the complexity and difficulty of the "pictures".
1. The role of reading pictures Due to the increasing number of various image materials, some people say that we are now in an era of pictures. TV and movies themselves are moving pictures. In addition to video programs, still pictures occupy a lot of space on the Internet. There are countless websites that post pictures.
Every issue of newspapers and magazines also features pictures. So, what are the functions of “picture”? I believe that pictures first and foremost affect people’s vision. The psychological processes of reading pictures and reading written works are relatively close. Therefore, there is reason to believe that the functions of reading pictures and reading articles are consistent, that is: (1) The education function allows you to be educated and inspired by reading pictures.
Many pictures have such a function. After reading them, they can improve their ideological realm, purify their soul and emotions, and sometimes even make us feel enlightened. This means that it has a certain effect on improving ideological awareness.
(2) Aesthetic function Reading pictures can improve aesthetic ability. Many of the pictures themselves are very beautiful, some pictures have rich connotations, and some pictures reflect a beautiful state of mind.
Reading pictures can enhance your ability to feel beautiful things and improve your appreciation ability. (3) Pleasure function Reading pictures can enrich emotions.
Many pictures, especially some cartoon pictures, can make people excited and refreshing. When we read those pictures with unique perspectives that capture details in life that are not noticed by everyone, we will burst out laughing, or we can't help but smile, or we can't help but smile knowingly. We can't help but thank the author for his keen insight and vivid expression.
(4) Training function charts can be used as materials for exams and training students’ abilities. This is a function that has emerged in the new era. Because questions about pictures appeared in the test papers, teachers used pictures as "examples" to train students' speaking and writing skills, and the practical value of pictures also increased.
2. Picture composition is the main form of writing teaching in lower grades. There are many forms of pictures, such as large pictures, small pictures, black and white pictures and color pictures. These are only the differences in external expressions. The freshness, brightness, and darkness of the picture reflect the style of the picture, while the complexity and simplicity of the picture may affect the speed and depth of the reader's acceptance of the picture.
The literacy of lower-grade primary school students is still small, so little that it is difficult to fully express their thoughts and emotions. At this stage, they cannot wait for their literacy to improve before teaching composition. Therefore, at this stage, it is very scientific and targeted to use children's favorite "pictures" as materials to cultivate their speaking, writing and composition skills.
Pictures designed for lower grades of primary school to train speaking and writing skills generally have clear pictures, healthy ideas, and clear centers. Students' writing in school is generally passive writing.
Any passive writing has certain conditions, and the conditions are set by the teacher or the writer. Composition based on pictures is also a kind of conditional composition.
From the perspective of training form or examination form, picture composition belongs to the category of material composition. Some materials like "pictures" have a clear central meaning, some have a certain storyline, some have fixed characters and their relationships, and some are simple physical pictures that also provide the shape, color, size, etc. of the objects. information.
This form of picture composition can be used from elementary school to high school. In fact, over the years, there have been many questions on picture composition in the high school entrance examination and college entrance examination papers, and corresponding training in this area is also indispensable in Chinese language teaching in junior high schools and high schools.
Then why should children start by looking at pictures and composing literature when learning to write? First of all, from the perspective of the main lower primary school students, their literacy level is still at a low level, and the means for receiving new information are very limited. Secondly, from the perspective of the object picture, the biggest feature of the picture is that it is intuitive and vivid. Students like to hear and see it and are interested in accepting it.
Moreover, with pictures, there are generally the title, center, writing materials and other elements required for writing. Students can save the troublesome procedures such as topic formulation, conception, and material selection when writing. It seems easy. Training low-grade students in writing by looking at pictures and writing can reduce the difficulty of writing, stimulate interest in writing, eliminate students' fear and helplessness about writing, and can effectively use the stage when students have less literacy to develop the habit of observation and learn. Observation skills, cultivating the orderliness, accuracy and vividness of speaking and writing are conducive to a smooth transition to high-level writing training.
In short, students start learning writing by looking at pictures and composing, which is in line with the laws of human physiological and psychological development, and is scientific and feasible. 2. Video of how primary school students write essays
Composing by looking at pictures is a starting point for composition. Looking at pictures and talking in the first grade of elementary school, and looking at pictures and writing in the second grade are the basis for looking at pictures and writing. Picture composition has been used throughout the composition training in primary school. It is an effective means to cultivate observation ability, imagination ability, thinking ability and expression ability.
Looking at pictures is observation. Observations must have a sequence, be accurate, detailed, grasp the key points, and have reasonable imagination in order to accurately understand the main content and center of the picture. Composition is expression, which requires the observations to be written out in an organized, focused and concrete way around the center of the picture. A common form of examination for primary school students to graduate from previous years. Therefore, it is very important to learn to read pictures and write essays.
Requirements for picture composition: focus on the central expression of the picture and write the content of the picture accurately and hierarchically. Generally, observations are made in the order from the whole to the parts and back to the whole. For example, when looking at pictures of scenery, you need to distinguish the primary and secondary aspects of the scene, determine the key points, and pay attention to the level of description. Look at pictures and compose, as the name suggests, you first look at the pictures and then compose. When writing a composition about looking at pictures, you should pay attention to the following two points:
1. Observe the pictures. Before writing, students should first carefully observe the picture on the picture to see clearly what happened at what time and place in the picture, and who, what scenes and what objects are on the picture. People are the main objects of our observation, so we must pay special attention to observing people's clothing, appearance, age, identity, expressions, and movements, and name the main characters.
2. Reasonable imagination. The scenes on the screen are all static. We should make the people come alive through imagination, let them speak and act on their own, and reflect the psychological activities of the characters, which means turning the content of the screen into moving movie shots. But this imagination must be reasonable and serve the central purpose of the article. The main characters and plot must be consistent with the content of the picture and cannot be made up. 3. How to write essays by looking at pictures
Composing by looking at pictures is mainly to cultivate students’ observation, imagination and expression skills.
The author believes that patient guidance must be given when teaching, requiring students to first determine the center based on observing the picture, and then write down the content of the picture in detail around the center. When I guide students to write this type of composition, I mainly focus on the following four aspects.
1. Guide the reading of pictures and grasp the center. When writing compositions by looking at pictures, pictures are composition materials, and looking at pictures becomes the basis of composition. Therefore, first let students look at the picture so that they can grasp the main content of the picture and determine the center of the article, and then compose.
How to guide students to read pictures? The author believes that: first, start from the overall picture, find out when and where the picture is drawn, what is drawn, who is doing what, etc., so as to generally understand the meaning of the picture and master the basic content; secondly, compare the pictures in order Observe and analyze each part to clearly understand the relationship between characters and parts, and grasp the main content of the picture; again, grasp the key points and details, and conduct in-depth observation and imagination. Only when students understand the meaning of the picture by looking at the picture can they better grasp the central idea of ??the article.
Otherwise, if it deviates from the intention of the picture or goes against the intention of the picture, no matter how well the article is written, it will not meet the basic requirements of picture composition. 2. Observe in a hierarchical manner and describe in a structured manner. Picture compositions, like proposition compositions, must be clear and organized.
In an article, what to write first, what to write next, and how to organize the materials are closely related to observing and analyzing things. Therefore, when looking at pictures to compose, you must first observe the pictures in a hierarchical manner.
For example, what to look at first and what to look at second? From top to bottom or from bottom to top, from left to right or from top to left, from the whole to the part or from the part to the whole. wait. Look at the pictures, observe them in a certain and reasonable order, and then put them on paper, and the article will be clear and coherent.
The most important thing is to choose the observation points correctly, because only when the observations are hierarchical can the order of the composition be sorted out. Various pictures are different, some should be written according to the spatial order of things, some should be written according to the order of development of things, some should be written according to the categories of things, etc.
In short, as long as the observation angle is correctly selected based on the actual situation depicted in the picture, the composition written in this way will be organized. 3. Keep close to the picture and make reasonable associations. After all, the picture is a plane, and it cannot contain the time and space content of things.
This requires relying on rich imagination to make reasonable associations. When teaching, guide students to add relevant people or things in life that they have experienced and understood to the picture based on the content of the picture. , filling in the content that is not shown in the picture due to time and space limitations. These contents do not come out of thin air, but are closely linked to the analysis of the pictures.
Therefore, the basis for association is the picture itself. In addition, when we guide students to use associations, we must be good at moving from here to there, turning static into movement, from shape to sound, from the outside to the inside, and from front to back.
Reasonable association is an important aspect of picture composition, but it is by no means a broad-based reverie. It must be close to the picture, but also reasonable, neither deviating from the picture, nor bizarre. 4. Grasp the key points and describe appropriately. We know that every article expresses the central idea through the description of key contents.
Only by writing the key content in a specific and vivid way can the central idea be highlighted and vivid and touching. How to describe it? The author believes: First of all, we must grasp the key points.
For example, the picture composition "Happy Festival" in the first unit of Volume 10 of the primary school Chinese textbook focuses on the scene of a mother trying on new clothes for her children on the morning of the festival, reflecting the Mongolian people’s happy life and joyful mood during festivals. Secondly, the character's clothing, posture, movements, expressions, psychological activities, etc. must be appropriately described.
The author believes that the teaching of picture composition must focus on the key issue of inspiring and cultivating students' observation and imagination. Through the teaching of looking at pictures and writing, students can further develop their keen observation skills, rich imagination and creative thinking.
This is the foundation of my teaching. The three ideas refer to the three stages in the process of looking at pictures and speaking and writing, which can also be said to be three steps.
The first step: think separately; the second step: associate; the third step: think together. Because each step has the word "thinking", it is called three thoughts.
After several years of our experimental research, it has been proven that it is a good way to improve students' expression ability. The first step is to guide students to think and think. This means that in the teaching of speaking and writing when looking at pictures, the teacher guides students to initially observe and understand the overall content of the picture and the relationship between the contents of each part, and then find out the speaking and writing skills from the picture. The process of analyzing the content of words and clues is to think separately.
The thinking stage can be divided into four small teaching steps: introducing new lessons, proposing teaching goals, completing the first teaching requirement, and completing the second teaching requirement. 1. Import a new lesson.
Next, let’s take “Ning Ning’s Sewing Kit” (a speech from Basic Training Five, Volume 3, Chinese Language, of the nine-year compulsory education and five-year primary school) as an example to talk about how we introduce the new curriculum. Instructional design. The teacher said: "Today we will continue to practice speaking. Please open the book and read the requirements of this training."
After the students read, the teacher asked again: "Look at the pictures to speak and write the teaching points." In which steps? "The student answered: "The teaching of looking at pictures and writing is divided into three steps. The first step is to think separately; the second step is to associate; the third step is to think together."
2. Put forward teaching objectives. The teacher asks questions while showing the teaching objectives of this step: look at the picture, understand the content of the picture and the connection between the pictures, think about the four elements of the picture and say what is drawn on the picture, and find out the spoken and written words from the picture. clues and content.
Then break down this teaching goal into two teaching requirements: the first teaching requirement is to summarize the meaning of the picture according to the four elements of thinking; the second teaching requirement is to find out the necessary associations from the picture The picture, that is, the content and clues of speaking and writing. 3. Complete the first teaching requirement.
Summarize the meaning of the picture according to the four elements of thinking. The four elements of thinking refer to time, place, who and what. The following is an example of reading and writing "Sweeping Snow" in Basic Training 8 of the third volume of "Chinese Language" for primary schools (People's Education Press, 1995 edition) (the same below).
First of all, put forward the teaching requirements: look at the picture carefully, think about the four elements according to the points, and let the students talk about what is drawn in the picture? You can also ask students to answer the following four questions one by one: ① What time is drawn in the picture (. 4. How to guide lower grade students in picture composition
Teaching picture composition is an important part of Chinese teaching in lower grades. It is an important teaching content and plays a cornerstone role in cultivating students' composition ability.
However, due to the particularity of the development level of Chinese language ability of lower-grade students, the particularity of picture composition itself has not been improved in the context of curriculum reform. Against this background, it is particularly critical that the teaching of picture composition requires scientific and reasonable teaching methods that are in line with the development level of primary school students. Picture composition is to transform various lifelike and vivid pictures into smooth ideas, rich words, vivid and touching. Written language uses words to reproduce the people, events, and scenery on the picture, so that readers can see the people, experience the events, and observe the scenery, which plays a similar role in the same way.
Looking at pictures and writing essays. It is a type of composition that provides materials, such as looking at simple pictures, comprehensive pictures, single pictures, multiple pictures and even photos, etc. Reading pictures is not only a way for lower grade students to practice speaking and writing, but also lays the foundation for written exercises. It is a good medicine and a secret recipe for improving the level of writing in senior grades. It can develop thinking, train language and practice the basic skills of expression.
1. Analysis of the current situation of teaching picture composition in primary schools (1) Old teaching methods. , leaving students speechless. The famous educator Zankov once pointed out: "Once the teaching method touches the students' emotional and will areas, and touches the students' spiritual needs, this teaching method can play a highly effective role."
In the traditional teaching of picture composition, students are often asked to observe pictures or objects and then speak. Although teachers try their best to stimulate interest and provide guidance, students often become passive and say, "The teacher wants me to say something, but I don't want to say it." The teaching effect is not good due to the scene. Cultivating students' observation ability is certainly a fundamental issue in all disciplines, but observation is more important for teaching picture composition.
Because observation is The main channel for students to obtain writing materials. In the traditional teaching of picture composition, an isolated single picture can only express limited time and space. This single, instantaneous scene cannot show the development process of things; nor can multiple consecutive pictures. Vividly display the character's language, expressions and movements 5. How to write a picture composition teaching design
"How to write a specific thing" composition teaching plan design
Teaching objectives:
(
1
) Understand the basic knowledge of narrative and improve students’ narrative ability
(
2 < /p>
) Through a combination of lectures and practice, master the specific method of writing about one thing
(
3
) Through cooperation and communication, Gradually improve students' writing interest and confidence.
Important and difficult points in teaching
(
1
) How to write one thing in detail. ,whole.
Teaching methods
Teacher explanation, independent learning method, cooperative inquiry method
, practice writing method, etc.
Teaching process
1. Introduction of new lessons
Students, before class, let us talk about the biggest headaches we have in the process of writing essays. What's the matter? (Guide students to talk about the problems they encountered in the writing process, so that students can talk about the difficulties in writing in a relaxed atmosphere.) So, let us learn how to
< p> How to make the composition longer, or more precisely, how to write one thing more specifically and clearly, so as to show off the wonderfulness of the composition.Guide students to review:
(1)
What should you pay attention to when writing something? (Six elements of narrative)
(2)
What are the details of the six elements of narrative? What to write in abbreviation?
(In this
"
Six Elements
"
Among them, the cause, process and result are The main part of the matter,
"
After
"
is the core of the narrative and must be written clearly,
p>
Specific. )
2. Learning to write
(1) Decomposition process:
(
1
p>)Watch a video: Yao Ming's catch and shoot, and say something.
Example: Yao Ming received the ball, quickly rushed to the backboard, jumped up and dunked the ball into the basket.
Teacher comment: These few sentences summarize the content in the video, but if written into a paragraph, it would be too general and not specific.
(
2
)Solution: Students try to break down the process.
Receiving the ball
——
The ball goes around the back
——
Opponent Intercept
——
Rush forward quickly
——
Pass the opponent to intercept and get under the backboard
——
Leap up
——
Successful shot
Dunk goal
( < /p>
3
) Watch the video and let students carefully observe the specific scenes of each action, especially carefully observe each action of Yao Ming and how the opponent blocks and grabs the ball
, then connect this series of actions, add some modifying words, and write a specific paragraph.
Example:
Yao Ming raised his right hand in the backcourt and skillfully hooked the ball passed by his partner.
He suddenly pushed the ball away from the opponent who intercepted it. The head of his head goes around his own back
and he steps forward with both feet at the same time, leaping over his opponent like lightning. Yao Ming has already rushed through the midfield, dribbling the ball, and passed two people in a row with flexible and realistic fake moves
The defender quickly rushed under the backboard, jumped, and dunked the ball with his right hand at the same time. Before he could react, the ball had already hit the ground from the net.
(
4
) Clarification: The decomposition method is to decompose a scene into several parts, decompose the character's actions into several actions, and then Make some descriptions for each part and each action, and finally connect these parts and actions in a certain order. 6. A brief discussion on how to guide first- and second-grade primary school students to read pictures and write words
Become a Wenku member with a minimum of 0.27 yuan to view the full content> Original publisher: Liu Yi How to guide second-year students to read pictures and write words (Theme training) Yang Ruili According to the requirements of the primary school Chinese teaching syllabus, the second grade mainly conducts training on looking at pictures and writing words.
Looking at pictures and writing words is an important part of Chinese teaching in lower grades of primary schools. It is a good way to cultivate and improve children's cognitive ability, image thinking ability and expression ability. Therefore, how to guide students to write pictures and words well is an important issue that needs to be carefully studied and solved in primary school composition teaching.
1. Guide the reading of pictures and train students’ observation ability. Looking at pictures and writing words is the basis for looking at pictures, but students in lower grades still lack the ability to observe, especially children in lower grades. They observe things without purpose and order, which requires teachers to work hard on guiding them to look at pictures.
Let students master the method of reading pictures. By carefully looking at pictures, they can judge the time and place where things happened and understand the main content reflected in the pictures. First of all, students should be made clear about the purpose of observation, which will help them concentrate and overcome the randomness of observation due to their young age.
Teachers should be good at using the suggestive questions in the picture-viewing and writing teaching materials to cultivate students' purpose of observation. Secondly, when guiding students to observe pictures, guide them to start from the whole and initially perceive the main content of the picture. That is, what is the content of this picture? Or who is doing what? The purpose of this is to cultivate students' ability to understand and generalize things; to guide students to observe carefully, imagine rationally, and describe images. For example, when looking at a picture, students are first required to be able to observe the picture comprehensively and carefully. In teaching, teaching materials should be used to guide students to see clearly the content of the picture, so that students can understand perceptually that each picture includes characters and events. When asking students to look at pictures and talk, they have to clearly explain who is doing what? Train students to speak complete sentences.
In teaching, we must tell students the regular things in advance. When looking at a picture, you need to figure out "Where is this place?" "What time?" "Who is on the picture?" 7. How to guide students to read pictures and write compositions
To guide students to read pictures and write compositions, teachers must first Observe the picture carefully, clarify the main content of the picture and the ideological meaning revealed, then further analyze its plot, clarify the training requirements, write out a guidance plan, and then provide guidance according to the actual level of the students.
During the guidance process, teachers should pay attention to the following four links. 1. Guide students to carefully observe the picture. Before doing the exercises, the teacher should guide the students to carefully observe the picture and understand the whole picture and main content in the order from large to small, from part to whole. , enable students to know who and what is painted in the picture, to understand the relationship between characters, between things, and between people and things, and to understand the main content and ideological meaning of the picture.
By observing the pictures and clarifying these relationships, students will have a basis for writing, so that they can have a clear theme and novel ideas. This is the basis for writing good picture compositions. 2. Develop reasonable imagination and positive thinking pictures. It is a plane that cannot cover the time and space content of things, so we must rely on rich imagination to make reasonable associations.
When teaching, teachers should guide students to describe their experiences based on the content of the pictures. , the people or things you know are added to the picture, turning a picture into a complete and coherent thing, making the characters more plump and lifelike, the story plot more twists and turns, making the picture more complete, and the article becoming more Authentic and credible. During the guidance process, the teacher first guides the students to carefully observe the time marks in the painting and use time as a clue to make associations; second, guides the students to carefully observe the position in the painting and use the changes in location and position as clues to make connections. ; The third is to guide students to observe the plots in the pictures and make associations based on their own real-life experiences.
In this way, students' thinking can spread its wings in the world of imagination with the guidance and guidance of teachers. Roam freely. 8. What does the picture-writing teaching teach?
Secondly, observe the content of each picture one by one. The process of composing is based on the content of the pictures, mutual inspiration and improvement, and continuous enrichment and development of the picture. , and then talk to each other at the same table.
Writing about pictures usually includes two types: single picture and multiple pictures. Composition and education complement each other, even if the main characters in the pictures are just depictions. Actions and expressions. In the initial stage of looking at pictures and writing words in lower grades, let the pictures convey richer information and combine the psychological process of self-construction and self-improvement with existing experience. Teachers must consciously use the teaching guidelines for looking at pictures and writing words. Students realize potential self-education goals, conduct in-depth observations of the actions, expressions, and relationships between specific "characters" in the pictures.
In this way, students will feel that the pictures are no longer isolated and monotonous. Boring and boring, avoid using even force, and focus on using interesting details to stimulate students' interest in looking at pictures and speaking and writing. Observe multiple pictures, be willing to appreciate the people and things shown in the pictures, and finally give creative speeches by name, teachers and students*. **The review points are perfect.
2. Fourth, the related inner psychological activities cannot be directly described.
In teaching, these blank spaces should be appropriately used to train students' imagination ability. This will not only enrich students' thoughts, but also help to subtly cultivate students' habit of observing things delicately in daily life, or in daily life. If necessary, organize students to perform situational dramas according to the pictures and intentions, so that the still images can be shown in students' minds as vividly and vividly as cartoons, and the details can be grasped - teaching students to master scientific observation methods. It is common to look at pictures and write words. Define the topic according to the scene of the picture or give sentence prompts, and teach students to determine the angle of observation according to the topic or suggestive keywords. When the students grasp the meaning of the picture through describing the picture and are filled with a pleasant emotion, let them speak in one go. Write down your own words and record your happiness. The training of writing words will come naturally. You can figure out what the several pictures combined to describe one thing. The content of the expression is jumping, just like the specific shots in the film and television works, but interesting. "Animation City", willing to look at pictures. Teachers should highlight detailed analysis in observation and guidance, so that the more you look at it, the more interesting it becomes.
Because of their different life experiences, students are guided to appreciate comics with the same observation, so that they can never tire of it. After students master the correct observation method.
When observing a single picture, focus on letting students see who is in the picture. First, browse all pictures. Third, first, the students talk to themselves loudly.
Teacher comments should focus on stimulating students' desire to express themselves and turning static pictures into "animations" - teaching students to make reasonable associations and develop thinking. Connect and observe the pictures, and use a few simple words to express the overall idea. You can use multimedia to perform picture animation demonstrations, with less negativity. What place is drawn, and a pleasant journey - teach students to educate themselves and write happily. "Writing is like the person it is" reveals In order to understand the relationship between composition and life, when students look at pictures and write words, they should be given enough time to observe and imagine independently, and then organize various forms of pictures and words to lead students to gradually enter the picture-human combination with a relaxed and happy emotional experience. In the realm of one, turn the content of the picture into the process of students' spiritual understanding. At what time, what the characters in the picture are doing or how, first form an overall impression, and encourage more. There are some omitted blank contents between pictures. ? I think we should provide guidance from the following aspects. 1. Focus on the whole - teaching students to grasp the correct order of observation. Knowing how to read pictures is the prerequisite for writing good words. Then grasp the details and observe carefully, and finally return to the overall picture to write coherently, including the unique environment, so that the readers can Pictures and words are more colorful.
During teaching, students should be taught to master the order of viewing pictures from the whole to the parts and then to the whole, and form an accurate understanding of the content of the pictures to inspire students' imagination. There are obvious differences in the points of interest of students' observation, but as long as Let them experience the fun of looking at pictures. Students will discover new discoveries according to their own personalities and grasp the details that best highlight the meaning of the question. What should students be taught in the teaching of looking at pictures and writing words.