Since 2000, the Ministry of Land and Resources has organized a series of key scientific and technological projects, such as new methods and technologies for regional survey and digital geological mapping. Using the latest achievements of space technology and information technology, we have made a breakthrough in transforming the traditional geological survey methods and constructed a modern working mode of regional survey. The digitalization of the whole process of regional geological survey is embodied in the following aspects:
(1) positioning: GPS real-time positioning, digital recording point, accuracy10m.
(2) Collecting records: taking remote sensing information as the guide, we mastered the geological characteristics of the whole region before field work, and guided the geological team members to scientifically arrange the survey route, and the route density was reasonably refined, which greatly reduced the labor intensity. With the support of GIS, remote sensing image information and basic geographic information are used as basic data, and the field digital collector replaces the notebook, and the input is completed by voice or keyboard, which ensures the quality of field records and completes the digitization of information in real time.
(3) Indoor arrangement: data is automatically imported, and omissions and errors in field work are found in time to ensure the quality of work. The desktop processing system supported by geographic information system and remote sensing information can quickly complete complex work such as drawing geological boundaries, sorting out geological phenomenon records, sorting out profile data, and putting data into storage, and automatically generate digital geological base maps and other maps in the investigation area.
(4) Achievement display: Various maps that meet the application requirements and meet the needs of national economic construction can be generated conveniently.
From June 29th to July 2nd, 2002, the Ministry of Land and Resources held a seminar on new technologies and methods of regional modernization in Lanzhou City, Gansu Province. 96 people from 54 units, including scientific research institutes affiliated to the Ministry of Land and Resources, provincial geological survey institutes and related geological colleges, participated in the training, which enabled this new technology to be rapidly popularized. Pocket PC, GPS, digital camera, digital recording pen, digital camera and other five new products of field data collection, which integrate GPS, GIS, rs technology and pocket PC, have shown the world the new image of "digital geologist" in China in 2 1 century.
The main process of regional geological survey
Report on the development of land and resources science and technology in 2002
Application of HTS magnetometer in geophysical exploration
High temperature superconducting magnetometer is a magnetometer with high temperature superconducting RF quantum interferometer as sensor. Its characteristics are: ① the magnetic field can be measured directly; ② High resolution; ③ Good bandwidth and low frequency response; ④ Using liquid nitrogen for refrigeration, the low temperature technology is relatively simple. High temperature superconducting magnetometer can be used for geophysical exploration, medical magnetic measurement of heart and brain; Nondestructive testing in engineering, etc. In geophysical exploration, HTS magnetometer, as the probe of electromagnetic method, is mainly used for the exploration of deep metal mines and oil and gas resources. Starting from 1989, the Institute of Geophysical and Geophysical Exploration of Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences began to study the application of high-temperature superconducting magnetometers in geophysics, and successively developed three generations of high-temperature superconducting magnetometers, and did a lot of applied research work in magnetotelluric sounding, transient electromagnetic method, long offset transient electromagnetic method and so on. The performance indexes of the developed HTS magnetometer are as follows: ① The magnetic field resolution is 9.7×10-14t/Hz1/2; ② The slew rate is1.2×10-3t/s; ③ The bandwidth is 0 ~ 30kHz. A comparative field experiment of transient electromagnetic method was carried out with high temperature superconducting magnetometer as probe and traditional induction coil as probe. During the experiment, some key technical problems of field application of HTS magnetometer and its connection with transient electromagnetic instrument were solved. The test results are as follows: in the early stage, the data obtained by the two methods are very consistent; In the later stage of tracking, the signal-to-noise ratio of data measured by HTS magnetometer is high. The reasonable apparent resistivity is calculated by using the magnetic field data measured by high temperature superconducting magnetometer for the first time. The field test results show that compared with the traditional transient electromagnetic method, the application of high temperature superconducting magnetometer in transient electromagnetic method increases the exploration depth of low resistance coverage area.
High temperature superconducting magnetometer
Study on vibroseis in shallow earthquakes
Electromagnetically driven vibroseis exciter
The vibration source is mainly used to replace the explosion source. The use of explosives is very dangerous and requires special protective measures, otherwise it is easy to destroy underground pipelines, underground buildings and roads, especially in cities and villages where residents live. The vibroseis can solve these problems. The imported hydraulic vibroseis has limited frequency, large volume and high price, which is difficult to meet the needs of shallow high-resolution seismic exploration.
In this study, the first electromagnetic driven high-frequency vibroseis system in China was successfully developed by adopting a brand-new electromagnetic driving mode, which broke through the bottleneck of frequency band limitation of traditional hydraulic driven vibroseis and raised the upper limit of vibration frequency of vibroseis. The upper frequency limit of hydraulic drive rises from 200Hz to 1kHz.
The electromagnetic driven vibroseis exciter won the national utility model patent in June 2000. The newly developed PHVS- 1000 electromagnetic high-power shallow seismic vibroseis system has applied for 200 1 national invention patent and has independent intellectual property rights.
Geochemical survey technology in desert Gobi area
In the Gobi desert coverage area, deep ore-bearing information exists in soluble salts of alkaline evaporation barrier and iron-manganese oxide film of oxidation barrier. This discovery provides a basis for the capture and extraction of geochemical information of deep penetration in a large area of Gobi desert in western China and geochemical investigation. In order to solve the problems of weak deep penetration geochemical information and precious metal extraction and analysis, a high-sensitivity and rapid joint measurement and analysis method of gold, platinum and palladium was developed, which effectively combined the surface geochemical method with the deep penetration geochemical method. Using this new technology and method, the regional geochemical survey and test were carried out in the area of East Tianshan 1.5 thousand square kilometers, and the geochemical map was made, and 1.7 geochemical blocks larger than 1.000 square kilometers were circled, especially in Hami Basin, which indicates that this area may become the largest in China.
Delineation of uranium prospect area by deep penetration geochemical method
Delineating the prospect area of East Tianshan copper mine by deep penetration geochemical method.
Regional geochemical data management information system
In order to meet the needs of storage, management and application of regional geochemical survey data in all provinces, municipalities and autonomous regions/kloc-0: 200,000, a specialized software system (GeoMDIS2000) integrating regional geochemical survey data and application was developed. The outstanding features of this system are:
(1) Integration of specialized regional geochemical data management and general GIS functions. Users can establish multiple regional databases or multiple work target areas, thus realizing the dynamic expansion of the data structure of analytical elements, integrating the management, processing, analysis and mapping of professional geochemical data into a highly integrated whole, and realizing the retrieval and query of any graphics.
(2) Geochemical thematic maps are comprehensive in types and professional in functions. Various geochemical maps can be compiled, and nested analysis of external data and thematic maps can be carried out conveniently. Standardized thematic geochemical maps (coordinate network, color code, histogram, etc.). ) can be generated automatically, and it supports the format conversion between data of common software systems in various geoscience fields and different types of data tables (Foxpro, Debase, Excel text).
Report on the development of land and resources science and technology in 2002
(3) The natural function weighting method is adopted in interpolation, which eliminates the distortion caused by traditional interpolation methods when dealing with geochemical data with large dispersion, and the zero-zone isoline can be eliminated without being constrained by boundary conditions, thus reflecting the spatial distribution characteristics of geochemical data more truly.
Rapid regional comprehensive evaluation technology of marine oil and gas resources
According to the needs of marine resources development and rights protection in China, combined with the actual situation of geophysical survey and general survey in China, a set of multidisciplinary early evaluation techniques for oil and gas resources in offshore basins are developed. A set of large-scale multi-functional regional oil and gas resources rapid evaluation system has been successfully developed, and the following three key technical problems have been solved: ① wavelet denoising, automatic identification and pick-up of seismic wave travel time, forward modeling of three-dimensional seismic wave field time field, ray tracing of three-dimensional inhomogeneous medium, etc. ② modeling of sequence stratigraphy model base, fuzzy identification and tracking closure of sequence boundary, simulation technology based on 2D seismic data interpolation, seismic velocity modeling, etc. Basin description technology in sequence stratigraphy; ③ In terms of basin simulation technology, basin temperature and pressure simulation, complex fault profile results display and other technologies.
The developed software system has the functions of basin description and basin simulation for early evaluation of marine oil and gas resources, and is effectively applied to the evaluation of oil and gas resources in China sea area, with strong practicability. Its core technology has been transplanted to ——Crisis, a famous seismic processing system in China. The application of this technology in the early evaluation of oil and gas resources in Liaohe fault depression, Xihu sag in the East China Sea and Wan 'an basin in the South China Sea has achieved good results.
Sequence division (Wal 100)
Hydrocarbon expulsion intensity map of the third member of Shahejie Formation at the end of Dongying
Study on upgrading of d/max-a x-ray diffractometer
A large number of X-ray diffractometers imported from China in the 1980s were reformed by using computer technology and combining with some hardware reforms. The reformed X-ray diffractometer has reached the analysis and testing level of today's new instruments. In addition to conventional X-ray diffraction analysis, it can also realize multi-purpose of one machine. It can automatically control small-angle goniometer and structural goniometer to analyze crystallinity, particle size distribution and map retrieval, which is well received by users and lays a good foundation for independent research and development of such instruments. Over the past few years, more than 1 10 instruments have been transformed successively, making nearly 100 million yuan of instruments and equipment work again, with considerable social benefits and direct economic benefits of more than 4 million yuan.
x ray diffractomer
Full-hydraulic friction clamping jacking joint tube puller
The joint technology is one of the key technologies in the construction of underground continuous wall, and the joint pipe puller is the key equipment of the joint technology. In the past construction, most joints in China were pulled out by winch mechanical method and simple double-cylinder hydraulic method. However, it is often difficult to pull out the joint pipe of the diaphragm wall, or even an accident that it cannot be pulled out, which seriously affects the efficiency and quality of the diaphragm wall construction. Since the mid-1990s, some foreign advanced lifting equipment has been introduced one after another. However, when there is oil on the surface of the joint pipe or the surface is polished, and the additional resistance in the hole is large, the reliability of lifting cannot be guaranteed. Aiming at the problems existing in extubation equipment at home and abroad at present, a joint extubation machine for underground continuous wall is developed by using full hydraulic four-cylinder jacking and arc diamond-shaped plate friction gripping structure. The extubation cylinder is connected with the base in a spherical way, and the equivalent friction replaces the traditional friction. For the first time, the equivalent friction force is used to replace the foreign conventional friction force, which increases the allowable tension from 0.335 times of positive pressure to 0.7 times. Under the same tension force, the tension force is greatly increased, which improves the ability to adapt to complex working conditions and traction reliability, reduces the requirements for supporting equipment and instruments, and reduces the investment of supporting equipment and instruments. The lower part of the cylinder of wire drawing machine is connected with a spherical structure, which solves the stress concentration problem caused by rigid connection due to manufacturing, installation and construction errors, and provides a guarantee for prolonging the service life of the equipment.
Appearance of hydraulic station
The practical application in Jingtang port project proves that the work is reliable, the manufacturing and installation operation is simple and safe, the service life of the equipment is long and the tension is large. The equipment was used in the construction of the underground continuous wall of Jingtang Port, a national key project, with a revenue of 57.58 million yuan, a new profit of 1 1.4 million yuan and a new tax of 1.9 million yuan.