The Qinghai-Tibet Railway has created many railway historical records in China and even in the world.
Known as the "roof of the world", the Qinghai-Tibet Railway was put into trial operation today, setting a number of railway records in China and even the world.
The Qinghai-Tibet Railway, with a total length of 1956 km from Xining to Lhasa, is the plateau railway with the highest altitude, the longest route and the worst climatic conditions in the world.
On the most challenging project in the plateau of the world, the railway builders in China have solved and overcome the "three major problems": the severe challenges of frozen soil, cold and lack of oxygen and ecological fragility.
Since the construction of the Golmud-Lhasa section of the Qinghai-Tibet Railway started on June 29th, 20001year, the Ministry of Railways started construction in Golmud-Wang Kun section in 20001year according to the general arrangement of gradual progress from north to south, subsection construction and subsection track laying. The world's largest plateau railway bridge base was built in Nanshankou, and the frozen soil engineering test section started construction, which won the first battle.
In 2002, the frozen soil project north of Tanggula Mountain and some key projects in Tibet started, and the track was laid to Wang Kun Station, which made a key breakthrough.
In 2003, the construction of "no man's land" and the south of Tanggula Mountain was started, and the subgrade works of Tanggula Mountain and Beiqiao Tunnel were completed, which won a great victory in the year of comprehensive attack.
On March/KOOC-0/day, 2006, the speed target of freight train engineering operation test of Qinghai-Tibet Railway reached/KOOC-0/00 km per hour. On May 1 day, the running test target of passenger trains (without passengers) reached the speed of 100 km, and some sections reached the speed of 120 km. The whole line was put into trial operation in July 1 day, and the speed line required frozen soil area100km and non-frozen soil area120km.
The total investment of Qinghai-Tibet Railway exceeds 33 billion yuan; 78.53 million cubic meters of subgrade earthwork and 675 bridges were completed along the whole line, nearly160,000 linear meters; 2050 culverts with a horizontal linear meter of 37662 meters; There are 7 tunnels with a length of 9074 meters.
At the same time, the Qinghai-Tibet Railway has also achieved fruitful results in tackling key problems in frozen soil, health protection, environmental protection and quality assurance.
The Qinghai-Tibet Railway was put into trial operation on July 1 day, and it is expected to become a world-class plateau railway with unmanned management along the line.
2:
Shenzhen speed
198 1, the Shenzhen Special Economic Zone, which has just been established for one year, wants to build a skyscraper comparable to the item. On the design drawing, this is a 53-story skyscraper with a height of150m (the top floor is a revolving restaurant, which later became the famous "Deng Gong Hall"). What is the concept of the 53rd floor? 198 1 year, the tallest building in China is Nanjing Jinling Hotel, which is 37 stories high.
In order to catch up with the construction period, the contractor China Construction Third Bureau decided to adopt the "sliding mode scheme". At that time, there was no precedent for such a high-rise building to adopt sliding mode method in China. The "sliding mode" test of China Construction Third Bureau failed one after another. 1September 1983, Shenzhen Property Company, Party A of the project, issued an ultimatum. Fortunately, at that time, China Construction Third Bureau had found the reason for the failure, and the experiment soon succeeded. After that, the construction became more and more smooth, creating an architectural miracle of "three days and one floor". On April 30th, 1984, the International Trade Building was officially completed.
"Shenzhen speed" not only refers to the construction speed, but also refers to the ultra-high-speed development of Shenzhen during its pioneering period. In 1980s and 1990s, the pioneering period of Shenzhen was around Xiaoping's southern tour. During this period, the city's GDP grew at an average annual rate of about 35%, exceeding 654.38+00 billion in nine years and 50 billion in five years.
1995
Start a new career
After 1992, with the full bloom of reform and opening up, the advantages of Shenzhen are becoming less and less obvious. The saying that "the special zone is not a special zone" came into being. 199265438+On February 24th, Guangming Daily published "The whole country is developing, what should Shenzhen do? Long article.
1994, an argument about special policies broke out. Hu Angang, a scholar, wrote that fair competition is one of the basic principles of the modern market economy system, and the central government cannot take the lead in implementing preferential policies or providing monopoly in some areas. He advocated the abolition of various tax cuts and preferential policies. Shenzhen immediately counterattacked, and both sides came and went. This argument lasted for a year and a half.
1995 The second Party Congress in Shenzhen issued a call for "starting a second business" to the people of the whole city. Shenzhen has put forward the basic policy of industrial adjustment, that is, the development policy with high-tech industries as the guide, advanced industries as the basis and the tertiary industry as the pillar.
In 2005
Benefit Shenzhen
June 65438+1October 65438+March 2005, Shenzhen held the 11th plenary meeting of the third session of the Municipal Party Committee, proposing to completely abandon the traditional concept of development, contribute the development model of "benefiting Shenzhen" to the whole country in the next 25 years, and realize a historic leap from "speeding up Shenzhen" to "benefiting Shenzhen".
Shenzhen bravely committed suicide. At present, the development of Shenzhen has been obviously restricted by the "four unsustainable". If we don't change the development model, there will be an environmental crisis soon. Huang Liman, then secretary of the Shenzhen Municipal Party Committee, said that Shenzhen would no longer pay attention to the simple GDP ranking, and would no longer fight for the total amount, speed, scale and other people's rankings, but pay more attention to the efficiency indicators of development.
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1. The establishment and development of New China and the victory of the War to Resist US Aggression and Aid Korea.
2. Great diplomatic achievements have broken the isolation between China and western countries.
3. The return of Hong Kong and Macao
In recent years, with the development of space industry, shenzhou spaceship has successively launched and manned.
The technology is becoming more and more mature.
5. Economic and military development and the improvement of people's living standards.
6. Qinghai-Tibet Railway, South-to-North Water Diversion Project, West-to-East Gas Transmission Project, West-to-East Power Transmission Project, etc.
7. There are also China's accession to the WTO, its successful bid for the 2008 Olympic Games, and its outstanding achievements in the 2000 Sydney Olympic Games and the 2004 Athens Olympic Games.
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Editor's Note: Since the reform and opening up, China has made great economic achievements that have attracted worldwide attention. At the same time, the construction of socialist democracy and legal system has also made great progress. The general plan of governing the country according to law and building a socialist country ruled by law makes people have reason to believe that a China ruled by law will greatly promote the historical process of the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation. Starting from today, this newspaper launched the column "Rule of Law in China" in the first edition, and published the first special article; In the future, follow-up articles will be published in the "Highlighted Society" edition from time to time, detailing China's legislative achievements, fair justice and the improvement of the legal awareness of the whole society in the past 20 years. Attention, please.
The reform and opening up, which began in the late 1970s, released the national creativity accumulated for a long time in ancient China, and made China embark on the road of national rejuvenation. This ancient oriental country has created an amazing economic miracle in just over 20 years, which amazed the world. It can be said that these great achievements, which can shine in history, largely benefit from the development and improvement of China's socialist democracy and legal system construction. Among them, the legislation of the highest legislature in China played an important role.
As the highest organ of state power, the National People's Congress of China and its Standing Committee are responsible for enacting laws and supervising their implementation. Over the past 20 years of reform and opening up, several National People's Congresses and their Standing Committees have devoted themselves to building a socialist legal system with Chinese characteristics, and the main aspects of the country's political life, economic life and social life have basically been governed by laws, providing a strong legal guarantee for reform, opening up and modernization.
Up to now, the National People's Congress and its Standing Committee have deliberated and adopted 430 laws and decisions on legal issues, the State Council has promulgated and approved more than 900 administrative regulations, and local people's congresses and their Standing Committees have formulated more than 9,000 local regulations.
1982 On February 4th, the Fifth Session of the Fifth National People's Congress promulgated and implemented the current Constitution, which stipulated the nature of the country, the country's fundamental political system and economic system, defined the four cardinal principles and the basic policy of reform and opening up, stipulated the basic rights and obligations of citizens, and the organization and responsibilities of state organs, and affirmed in the form of fundamental law that the China * * * Production Party led the people of all ethnic groups in China.
1992 The 14th National Congress of the Communist Party of China put forward the goal of establishing and perfecting the socialist market economic system. Focusing on the goal of establishing and perfecting the socialist market economic system, the National People's Congress and its Standing Committee have worked hard to formulate laws to regulate market players, maintain market order, strengthen macro-control, improve social security, and promote opening up. Remarkable achievements have been made in civil and commercial affairs and economic legislation, providing an important legal basis and legal guarantee for the establishment and healthy development of the socialist market economy.
1997 The 15th National Congress of the Communist Party of China proposed to govern the country according to law and build a socialist country ruled by law. 1In March, 1999, the Second Session of the Ninth National People's Congress passed a constitutional amendment, which enshrined the basic strategy of governing the country according to law and building a socialist country ruled by law in the fundamental law of the country. This marks a major change in the way of governing the country by the * * * production party in China, from relying mainly on policies to managing social and economic affairs to relying mainly on laws.
In order to achieve the grand goal of forming a socialist legal system with Chinese characteristics by 20 10, the NPC and its Standing Committee have continuously strengthened legislative work and strived to improve the quality of legislation.
In order to protect citizens' democratic rights and expand grass-roots democracy, China has enacted the electoral law, the law of assembly, demonstration, the law of state compensation, the organic law of villagers' committees and the organic law of urban residents' committees. At the same time, the Law on the Protection of Disabled Persons, the Law on the Protection of Minors, the Law on the Protection of Women's Rights and Interests and the Law on the Protection of the Rights and Interests of the Elderly have been formulated.
With regard to state institutions, China has formulated the Organic Law of the National People's Congress, the Organic Law of the State Council, the Organic Law of Local People's Congresses and Local People's Governments at Various Levels, the Organic Law of People's Courts, the Organic Law of People's Procuratorates, the Law on Deputies, the Rules of Procedure of the National People's Congress, the Rules of Procedure of the NPC Standing Committee, the Law on Judges and the Law on Procurators.
In terms of civil law, China has successively formulated the General Principles of Civil Law, Contract Law, Guarantee Law, Rural Land Contract Law, Trademark Law, Patent Law, Copyright Law, Marriage Law, Inheritance Law and Adoption Law. Established China's natural person system, legal person system, agency system, prescription system, ownership system, creditor's rights system, intellectual property system, personal system, relatives and inheritance system.
In addition to enacting laws to regulate market players, maintain market order, strengthen macro-control, protect and rationally develop natural resources, basic industries and key industries, and finance, China has also enacted laws on Sino-foreign joint ventures, Sino-foreign cooperative ventures, foreign-funded enterprises, import and export commodity inspection, entry-exit animal and plant quarantine, income tax law for foreign-invested enterprises and foreign enterprises, foreign trade law, and customs law.
In order to standardize the administrative power of administrative organs and strengthen the internal supervision of administrative organs, China has enacted the Administrative Punishment Law, the Administrative Supervision Law and the Administrative Reconsideration Law.
In promoting social civilization and social progress, China has enacted education law, compulsory education law, vocational education law, higher education law, teacher law, scientific and technological progress law, promotion of scientific and technological achievements transformation law, cultural relics protection law, maternal and child health care law, drug administration law, food hygiene law, infectious disease prevention law, medical practitioner law, sports law and so on.
In terms of protecting ecology and environment and implementing the strategy of sustainable development, China has enacted the Environmental Protection Law, the Marine Environmental Protection Law, the Air Pollution Prevention Law, the Water Pollution Prevention Law, the Environmental Noise Pollution Prevention Law and the Solid Waste Pollution Prevention Law.
In terms of labor and social security, the trade union law, labor law, mine safety law, occupational disease prevention law and safety production law aimed at protecting workers' rights and interests have been formulated.
In terms of criminal law, the National People's Congress made a comprehensive revision of the criminal law enacted in 1979 in 1997, forming a relatively complete criminal code.
In terms of litigation and non-litigation procedures, China has enacted civil procedure law, criminal procedure law, administrative procedure law, special maritime procedure law, extradition law and arbitration law. Among them, the Civil Procedure Law and the Criminal Procedure Law were revised in 199 1 and 1996 respectively after more than 10 years of judicial practice. The Administrative Procedure Law has improved the legal system of "people suing officials". The relatively complete legal system of litigation and non-litigation procedure provides an important guarantee for the fair implementation of substantive law and safeguarding the legitimate rights and interests of the parties.
Through the unremitting efforts of several sessions of the National People's Congress and its Standing Committee, China has initially established a legal system including the Constitution and its related laws, civil and commercial laws, administrative laws, economic laws, criminal laws, social laws and procedural laws, laying a solid foundation for governing the country according to law, building a socialist country ruled by law, and realizing the goal of forming a socialist legal system with Chinese characteristics by 20 10.
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The majestic Great Wall is our pride. It has a history of more than 2000 years. You can see it with the naked eye in the universe. Seeing the Great Wall is like seeing our motherland. The Great Wall contains the great soul of the Chinese nation. This is the most spectacular project. Towering peaks, rolling Yangtze River. . . . . . They are all our great rivers and mountains. Because of this, the 2008 Olympic Games was held in Beijing. In order to welcome this sacred day, people built the Bird's Nest and the Water Cube. . . The appearance of the water cube is like the ripples of water. Look around, you seem to be in an ocean. Frequent avenues created the Bird's Nest, which was left to us by Deng Jiaxian and Yang Liwei. They hope that we can create a better miracle than them.
However, behind the prosperous China, there is still a bumpy motherland. Foreign troops invaded our country, sold opium and defrauded the people of China of silver. Lin Zexu launched a campaign to save the country by selling cigarettes, but it aroused the dissatisfaction of foreign troops and the war broke out. Many patriots couldn't bear it anymore and launched a national salvation movement. In the long war against the enemy, many heroes emerged, and Zhao Yiman was one of them.
Zhao Yiman joined the China Producers Party at the age of 22 and served as the political commissar of the Second Regiment of the Three Armies. 165438+ 10 During the period, the 2nd regiment was besieged on the mountain by the Japanese army. The colonel asked Zhao Yiman to lead the troops to break through. She said decisively: "I cover, you are the colonel, you lead the team to leave first!" In order to cover the evacuation of troops, Zhao Yiman was seriously injured and was taken into a coma. The Japanese army tried every means to force Zhao Yiman to tell the battle plan of the * * * production party, but she just angered the enemy: "You can turn the whole village into rubble or chop people into mud, but you can never destroy the belief of the * * * production party party member!" Knowing that Zhao Yiman would not reveal any clues, the enemy decided to kill her. On the eve of his execution, Zhao Yiman remembered that he had never taken care of and sold his son to others, leaving him a letter. She sang "The Internationale" and shouted: "Down with Japanese imperialism!" Treat death like death, and die calmly.