Three Gorges Project, Qinghai-Tibet Railway, Manned Space Flight ... Since the founding of New China 60 years ago, China has successively built a series of major projects, in which engineering technology has played a vital role.
2 1 At the symposium on the achievements of engineering science and technology in China in the past 60 years, some academicians of China Academy of Engineering who have experienced these major projects talked deeply about the construction process and great achievements of these projects.
Qinghai-Tibet Railway: A Historical Leap of China Railway Construction
"With the glorious course of the new China in the past 60 years, several generations of railway people have shared the same fate with the country, providing a strong transportation support for economic development and social progress." Academician Sun Yongfu, former vice minister of the Ministry of Railways, said.
The scale of the road network has leapt to the forefront of the world, the running speed of trains has been significantly improved, and the technology of high-speed railways has made a major breakthrough ... Sun Yongfu listed the achievements of railway construction in China one by one, but he was most proud that China had built a world-class plateau railway-Qinghai-Tibet Railway through independent innovation.
"The Qinghai-Tibet Railway Project has condensed the painstaking efforts of several generations of railway people." Sun Yongfu said that during the construction of the Qinghai-Tibet Railway, the vast number of scientific and technological workers and constructors, while fully learning from the advanced railway technology of the world, carried forward the spirit of self-reliance and achieved a series of major innovations, including the complete set of frozen soil engineering technology, plateau health protection technology, plateau environmental protection technology and plateau railway operation equipment technology innovation.
"Since the opening of the Qinghai-Tibet Railway, the equipment, personnel and management of the whole line have withstood the test of seasonal changes in the plateau." Sun Yongfu said with relief: "I went to see it again two days ago, and now the transportation situation is still normal."
Manned space flight: occupying a place in international competition
Space science and technology is one of the most competitive fields in the world. Over the past 50 years, China has independently carried out space activities, and in a relatively short period of time, it has embarked on a unique development path suited to China's national conditions and achieved a series of important achievements, said Academician Wang Yongzhi, the first chief designer of China's manned spaceflight project.
"China's space industry has experienced several important periods, such as hard struggle, supporting development, reform and revitalization, and going global. It has reached a considerable scale and level. " Wang Yongzhi said that China's space science and technology has formed a complete supporting research, design, production and test system, established a test base capable of testing all kinds of missiles, launching all kinds of satellites and manned spacecraft, and also established a monitoring and control network consisting of domestic and foreign ground stations, long-range tracking and measuring ships and relay satellites, and established a space science research and application system with a certain level.
"At present, we have ranked among the advanced countries in the world in manned space technology, satellite recovery, multi-satellite with one arrow, low-temperature fuel rocket technology, bundled rocket technology and geostationary orbit satellite launch and measurement and control; Great achievements have been made in the development and application of remote sensing satellites, communication satellites and space microgravity experiments. " Wang Yongzhi said, "What is particularly important is that we have trained a team of aerospace science and technology with good quality and high basic level, and formed the spirit of two bombs and one satellite and manned space flight that can be passed down from generation to generation."
Three Gorges Project: the Pride of Water Conservancy Construction in China
The Three Gorges Project is by far the largest water conservancy control project in the world. Academician Lu, former deputy director of the the State Council Three Gorges Project Construction Committee, has special feelings for the Three Gorges Project.
Lu once participated in the research and decision-making of a series of major engineering technology and management issues in the construction of the Three Gorges Project, such as general layout, transportation and diversion cofferdam project. He believes that the Three Gorges Project is a huge flood control and disaster reduction project, an important energy project in China, an important shipping project in the Yangtze River and a huge ecological environment project.
"The Three Gorges Project of the Yangtze River is the victory of China's engineering science and technology, because human beings respect the objective laws of nature and use engineering measures to change the natural state, making it more conducive to the sustainable development of human beings." Lu said to him:
Daqing Oilfield: Providing Power for National Economic Development
Oil is an important resource for national economic development. Over the past 60 years, China has made brilliant achievements in oil and gas exploration, development, storage, transportation and utilization, and made important contributions to the healthy, rapid and stable development of China's national economy, said Academician Zhai Guangming, an expert in petroleum geological exploration in China.
Zhai Guangming has participated in the exploration of several large oil fields in China, including Daqing Oilfield. He said that it has been 50 years since Daqing Oilfield was discovered and developed in 1959. With the development of science and technology, it has produced more than 50 million tons of crude oil for 27 consecutive years, with a cumulative production of 2.3 billion tons. "This is also rare in the world."
"Daqing Oilfield has set an example for the development of China's oil industry, led and promoted the sustained, healthy and in-depth development of China's oil industry, and made China's oil industry move from east to west, from land to sea, and from domestic to international, and built 24 large-scale oil and gas production bases such as Daqing and Shengli, with an annual output of more than 200 million tons of crude oil and 654.38 billion cubic meters of natural gas." Zhai Guangming said.
Looking ahead, he said, the potential and challenges for the sustainable development of China's oil and gas industry are enormous. "I believe that China petroleum industry will make new and greater contributions to China's economic construction by relying on scientific theoretical innovation, changing concepts, facing positively and developing scientifically."
"The Three Gorges Project is the greatest water conservancy and hydropower project since the founding of New China. Its concept was put forward by Dr. Sun Yat-sen. After several generations of unremitting exploration by China people, New China began substantial large-scale exploration, design, planning, investigation and demonstration. " Lu said that in the era of reform and opening up, China completed the demonstration and decision-making of the Three Gorges Project, and started construction in the 1990s, which condensed the wisdom of thousands of engineers and technicians in Qian Qian, China.