A project refers to a series of unique, complex and interrelated activities, which have clear goals or objectives and must be completed according to specifications within specific time, budget and resource constraints. The following are the key ingredients for the success of the project I have compiled for you. Welcome everyone to learn from it.
Key elements of project success 1 1, the project manager must pay attention to three criteria of project success.
Simply put, one is punctuality; Second, the budget is controlled within the established scope; Third, the quality is well received by managers and users. The project manager must ensure that every member of the project team can work according to the above three standards.
Everything should be planned before implementation.
As far as project management is concerned, many experts and practitioners agree that the most important thing that needs the project manager's input is planning. Only the detailed and systematic planning with the participation of project team members is the only foundation for the success of the project. When there is an environment unsuitable for planned survival in the real world, the project manager should make a new plan to reflect the change of the environment. Planning, planning and re-planning is a way of life for project managers.
3. The project manager must convey a sense of urgency to the project team members with his own practical actions.
Because the project is limited in time, resources and funds, it must be completed in the end. However, most project team members have their own hobbies, and the project manager should always pay attention to the project objectives and deadlines. For example, regular inspections, regular meetings, and reminders can be made and put on the project site.
4. A successful project should use a measurable and verified project life cycle.
A standard information system development model can ensure that professional standards and successful experiences can be integrated into the project plan. This model can not only ensure quality, but also minimize duplication of work. Therefore, when the project needs to be cut under the pressure of time and budget, the project manager should determine an optimal project life cycle.
5. All project objectives and activities must be vividly communicated.
The project manager and project team should describe the ultimate goal of the project intuitively at the beginning of the project to ensure that everyone involved in the project can remember it. Every detail of the project cost should be clear, definite and unambiguous, and make sure that everyone agrees with it.
6. Step by step to achieve the goal.
If you try to complete all the project objectives at the same time, it will only lead to repeated work, which will waste both time and money. As the saying goes, a bite is not fat. Project goals can only be achieved bit by bit, and each goal is evaluated to ensure that the whole project is controllable.
7. The project should be explicitly approved and signed by investors.
In the process of achieving the project objectives, it is very important to obtain clear permission. The signature and approval of investors should be regarded as the starting point of the project. The reason is simple: anyone who has the right to reject or modify the project objectives should review and approve them at the beginning of the project.
8. If you want to succeed in the project, you must make a thorough analysis of the project objectives.
The research shows that if the goal of the project is designed according to the well-known documented business requirements, then the project is likely to succeed. Therefore, the project manager should adhere to the principle that before the organization starts the project, it should find sufficient basis for the project in the business requirements.
9. The project manager should have the same responsibilities.
The project manager is not excessively responsible for the results of the project. But correspondingly, the project manager should also be given enough rights and assume corresponding responsibilities. In some cases, rights are particularly important, such as obtaining or coordinating resources, requiring the cooperation of relevant small and medium-sized enterprises to make corresponding valuable decisions for the success of the project.
10, project investors and users should actively participate, rather than passively enjoy success.
Most project investors and users can correctly request and exercise the right to approve (all or part of) project objectives. But with this power comes a corresponding responsibility? Actively participate in all stages of the project. For example, help determine the project objectives in the early stage of the project; In the process of the project, it is necessary to evaluate the completed phased objectives to ensure the smooth progress of the project. The project investor shall help the project manager to visit relevant small and medium-sized enterprises and target customers, and help the project manager to obtain necessary documents and materials.
1 1, and the market operation mechanism should be adopted in the project implementation.
In most cases, the project manager should regard himself as a manufacturer, so as to urge himself to complete the tasks entrusted by investors and users. Once the project plan is approved, the project manager should regularly remind the project team members of what business needs the project must meet and how to meet these business needs.
12, the project manager should get the best candidate for the project team.
The best candidate is one who has received relevant skills training, experience and high quality. For projects, getting the best candidate can often make up for the lack of time, funds or other aspects. The project manager should create a good working environment for these best project members, such as helping them avoid external interference, helping them obtain the necessary tools and conditions, and giving full play to their talents.
Key elements of project success Part II The first secret: experience exchange.
The purpose of this column is to share with readers my project management experience in some foreign high-tech enterprises in the past 30 years. Starting from the basic operation process of high-tech enterprises, this column discusses the application and skills of some project management knowledge systems, including commercial bidding projects in marketing stage, system development and installation projects in service delivery stage, and update and maintenance projects in system maintenance stage. I hope my past experience can be used as a reference for readers, and at the same time, I hope it can attract more attention, so that after reading the contents of each issue, readers can also tell their own experiences to computer manufacturers and publish them in this column, so that other practitioners can have the opportunity to share and communicate.
If readers have any questions about the content, or encounter various difficulties in the process of project management, they can suggest how to apply knowledge system to solve them and establish a relatively perfect operation mode, so as to improve the ability of domestic project management practitioners and create the characteristics of China project management.
The second secret: constant coordination
As we all know, the project manager has no fixed team combination, and he has no real power when there is no project. When he has a project, he needs to borrow manpower from other departments, and the resources he finally gets are not necessarily needed by the project, but often second-class personnel with insufficient experience or skills.
At the same time, the scope of the project is often vague when it is received, which needs to be confirmed with customers and business personnel, or the scope of the project is too wide, far exceeding the financial and time budget of the project. All these need to coordinate with the project sponsor, department heads and customers to establish deliverable project indicators and have the resources to deliver the project.
In the course of the project, it is still necessary to constantly coordinate with the leaders of customers, supervisors or team members to effectively manage the requirements of scope change or extend the borrowing time of team members. Being able to effectively coordinate all parties is an important part of successful project management.
The third secret: don't be the boss.
Many project managers believe that they have full power to make decisions related to the project when implementing the project. So I put myself in the top and biggest position of the project organization structure, for fear that others would not know that I was the project manager. In fact, this is the biggest delay when you accept the project. Everyone involved in the project already knows that you are the project manager. Of course, it is ideal to successfully complete the project, but history tells us that the failure rate of science and technology projects reaches 70%, so when it fails, you will also take full responsibility.
Smart project managers will use the power of leaders to achieve their goals. Let the customer's leader and his own leader supervise the whole project. When there are important decisions, let them make them for you and promote your work or goals for you. When the project is successful, you are still a famous project manager. In case of failure, there are also some leaders who share some responsibilities for you, so why not!
The fourth secret: get team members involved, not involved.
It is said that a hen and a pig passed by an orphanage and saw that the children in it were thin, as if they had not eaten a good meal for several days. Both the hen and the pig felt sorry for each other and discussed how to provide some help. The hen thought for a moment and said to the pig, "Let those poor children have a good meal. I can lay some eggs to make scrambled eggs for them. You can also cut a piece of meat from your thigh and fry them with shredded pork. What do you say? " The pig looked at the hen for a while, and then said to the hen, "It's a good thing to help those children. You lay some eggs, which is' participation' for you. I want to cut a piece of meat from my thigh, which is a comprehensive' investment'! "
In other words, the project can only be successful if the team members and people involved in the project can fully participate. Of course, this can't encourage you to use intimidation, just let the people involved in the project understand the importance of the project to their future business and operation, and the confidence and ability of the team members in themselves, so that everyone can work together to complete the project in Qi Xin. Effective use of this strategy can improve morale and teamwork, reduce disputes and accusations among team members and in all aspects, and work together for the same goal.
Key elements of project success 3 Importance of project management 1
First, projects are the main means to solve the contradiction between supply and demand in society. The contradiction between demand and supply is the driving force of social and economic development. One of the strategies to solve this contradiction is to expand demand, such as business promotion, government encouraging personal loan consumption, encouraging social investment, increasing government investment, etc. These are the main strategies adopted by China to promote social development at present. Another strategy is to improve supply, which requires enterprises to continuously introduce new products, reduce product prices and improve product functions. The adoption of this strategy requires the government and enterprises to constantly start and complete new projects, which also puts forward new requirements and challenges for project management.
Second, the project is an important way to transform knowledge into productivity, and it is also the main commercial means of knowledge economy. Knowledge economy can be understood as an economy that transforms knowledge into benefits. Knowledge generates new ideas and forms new scientific research achievements. New scientific research achievements can finally become wealth through the start, planning, implementation and management of a project, otherwise knowledge will always be in black and white on the books. Therefore, the transformation from knowledge to benefit depends on the project, and enterprises need to realize profits through the project when purchasing patents and making predictions.
Third, the project is the carrier to realize the enterprise development strategy. The mission, vision and strategic objectives of an enterprise need to be realized through a successful project. Successful projects can not only achieve the development goals and profits of the enterprise, expand the scale of the enterprise, but also strengthen the brand effect of the enterprise, cultivate the R&D team of the enterprise and retain the talents of the enterprise.
Fourth, the project is the embodiment of the social value of the project manager. The lives of most engineers and technicians are accumulated by the project, and the value of technicians and project managers can only be reflected by the results of the project. It is a great honor for engineers and project managers to participate in projects with great influence.
The Importance of Project Management II
The role of project management qualification certification for individuals
1. is a proof of personal knowledge, skills and abilities.
2. Reflect your professional achievements.
3. Improve skills and knowledge
4. Prepare for higher career development
5. Guidance on employment opportunities and promotion
build confidence
7. Win the attention of leaders
8. Demonstrate knowledge and skills in professional fields.
The Value of Project Management to the Organization
1. Help the enterprise to realize the plan better.
1) Complete the project plan on time.
2) Complete the project plan according to the cost.
3) Complete the project plan according to the target.
2. Prove the professional background and qualification of the enterprise.
3. Provide higher international business opportunities.
Importance of project management
The project management of a single project is usually divided into five process groups: initiation, planning (planning), execution (implementation), control (monitoring) and closure (closing):
After the project is officially launched, the process groups such as planning, execution and control are all in a cycle until the end of the project. In the project planning stage, according to the comprehensive balance of various factors such as project objectives, scope and resource allocation, the overall project plan, project control plan and project implementation plan are formulated.
After the plan is officially issued, the project team and relevant parties will implement it according to their respective plans. In the process of implementation, due to various factors, the actual implementation will inevitably deviate from the original plan, and finding and correcting the deviation will become the main content of control. Below, I use a catering management system we made to share my understanding of the five process groups of project management.
First, the project start-up process
Generally, it includes customer identification needs, feasibility study, project establishment, preliminary integration plan and formulation of project articles of association.
At that time, we learned the following customer needs:
1, catering management software: Windows operating platform, catering software meets the daily management of restaurants, supports wireless ordering and touch-screen ordering, kitchen delivery, membership card points, settlement and warehouse management, and avoids running, running, dripping and leaking of restaurant management;
2. Data server: a dual server with dual computers for hot standby;
3. Customer management machine: provide administrative management machines such as general manager's office, financial office and warehouse;
4, touch screen ordering: several touch screens plus some menu software;
5. Wireless ordering: wireless local area network covers the restaurant business premises and is equipped with multiple wireless ordering equipment;
6. Kitchen food delivery: Place the food delivery printer according to the food delivery port.
Because the company is familiar with this kind of project and has accumulated rich experience, it can meet the needs of customers in terms of equipment and software, so the company decided to sign a contract and start the project.
Second, the project planning process
The planning process involves nine knowledge fields: overall management, scope management, time management, cost management, quality management, human resources, communication management, risk management and procurement management.
What I want to emphasize is scope management. Scope management is to formulate the scope of the project, that is, the items that need to be completed, which mainly include: project objectives, project work content and project deliverables. In this project, because the scope of the project is not well defined, it has brought a lot of trouble to the implementation of subsequent projects.
Although the management between restaurants is similar, each restaurant management company has its own management mode, which requires the software to meet the management requirements of restaurant management companies. When doing demand analysis, because the details of restaurant management are not clear enough, the contract was signed with the software standard function module as the function scope. Our design scheme has also been recognized by customers and the project has been implemented.
Third, the project implementation process
During the implementation of this project, the processes of manpower, procurement, wiring, installation and debugging are all smooth. However, when the customer tried it, the software function deviation appeared. Because the software function module is written according to the standardized management of restaurants, the unique management mode of customer restaurants is not considered.
Therefore, the customer asked us to modify the software. Although the contract was signed according to the software standardization function at that time, there was no stipulation in the contract that we were not obliged to modify the software function, and further, the customer forced us to modify the software by means of not meeting its demand and refusing to pay the project cost.
At this point, the two sides disagreed, and after arduous negotiations, we finally gave in. During the implementation of this project, we have made dozens of modifications to the software, such as bill printing, food delivery printing, touch screen ordering login and so on. Although the customer was satisfied in the end, we wasted a lot of manpower and material resources and lost the profit of the department.
I think there are three reasons for this:
1, lack of understanding of the details of customer needs;
2. Insufficient risk prediction of the project;
3. The project scope is not clear, which leads us to lose some profits in the project implementation.
Fourth, the project control process
The project control process is to supervise the implementation of the project as planned and take corrective measures when necessary. The control process mainly includes schedule control, cost control and quality control.
1, project schedule control.
The key to effective project schedule control is to monitor the actual progress of the project, compare it with the planned progress in time and regularly, and take necessary corrective measures immediately. Its contents include:
Influence the factors that cause schedule changes and ensure that they are recognized by all parties; Understand whether the progress has changed; Manage when actual changes occur; Schedule control should be closely integrated with other control processes and run through the whole project.
2. Project cost control.
Project cost control is based on the cost budget, cost benchmark plan, cost implementation report, change application and project cost management plan of each project; Through cost change control system, performance measurement, supplementary plan and computer tools.
3. Project quality control.
Many people think that quality problems are the responsibility of company employees, not management. This view is wrong. TQM emphasizes the pursuit of customer satisfaction, prevention is better than inspection, managers' responsibility for quality, full participation and continuous improvement. Quality control is based on work results, quality management plan, operation definition and checklist.
In this project, the company has effectively controlled the project schedule, project cost and project quality based on the principle of being responsible to customers and being responsible to itself. Except for software modification, other processes were basically completed on schedule.
Verb (abbreviation for verb) project ending process
1, the project is over.
At the end of the project, the project manager should submit the final system scheme to the user, complete all the submission work of the project, collect all the information of the project and end the project, complete or terminate the contract, and sign the relevant documents for the end of the project.
2. Project completion meeting.
At the end of the project, there will still be a meeting with seven main topics: technical performance, cost performance, schedule performance, project planning and control, project communication, problem identification and solution, and opinions and suggestions. At the same time, we should also sum up experiences and lessons.
3. Customer satisfaction.
The best way for the project team to get customer satisfaction evaluation is to submit the project satisfaction survey report to the customer, and get good feedback from the customer, which can be used as a case proof of the successful completion of the company's project.
After completing this restaurant catering software management system, we delivered all the supply details, operation documents, software specifications, final system design scheme and system operation objects to customers, and conducted a three-month trial operation of the system. Finally, the two sides happily signed the acceptance contract, and the customer happily paid off the balance in one lump sum. At this point, the project was successfully completed.
In fact, these five process groups are only processes in project management, and there is no clear stage and time. In other words, it is aimed at the process of effective management in all fields of project management, not the process from the beginning to the end of the project.
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