Edit the detailed explanation of this paragraph.
Liu Jianming, a professor at Tsinghua University, said: "News is a report on the recently discovered or being discovered facts, which is of public interest." According to the Second Generation Journalism written by Cheng Dongxin, news can be defined from two angles: (1) the definition of news nature. It is divided into two layers: ontological meaning: news is the important information that first lies in the change of objective things of the subject; News focus
Epistemological significance: News is the important information perceived by the subject or spread through symbols and accepted by the audience. Epistemological news includes: perceptual news: important information about the changes of objective things that enter the subjective perception system. Media news: important information about the changes of objective things spread to the media system through symbols and received by the audience. (2) Stylistically, there are two kinds: narrow sense and broad sense: in the narrow sense, news is news. Broadly speaking, except for comments and articles published in newspapers, radio and television, commonly used words belong to news, including news, newsletters, features, sketches (some of which include sketches in features) and so on.
Edit this paragraph format
News refers to a style that newspapers, radio stations, television stations and the Internet often use to record society, disseminate information and reflect the times. There are many kinds, and only the most commonly used messages and communications are introduced here. News, also called news. The concept of news has narrow sense and broad sense. Single-point news in a narrow sense; Broadly speaking, it refers to news, communication, reportage, features, comments, etc. News is to quickly and timely report the latest, valuable and most concerned facts at home and abroad with general narrative methods and relatively concise words. Communication is a form of news reporting that concretely, vividly and vividly reflects news events or typical people by means of narration, description, lyricism and discussion. It is a kind of narrative, which is often used in newspapers, radio stations and news agencies.
Edit the feature story of this paragraph.
The content is true and the facts are accurate. Truth is the life and power of news. Facts are its source and its convincing basis. Truth is truth, and the characters, time, place and development of things written can't be fictional. Accuracy means that every fact, including details, is accurate. If a piece of news is distorted or wrong, it will not only reduce its news value, but also harm the cause of the party and the people. The content is fresh and valuable. News is valuable, cognitive, enlightening and instructive in novelty. News should be innovative in order to attract readers' attention and get a sneak peek. Innovation not only means reporting new people, new events and new experiences to readers. We should also choose something meaningful, valuable, inspiring and educational. We don't hold the view that "dog bites dog is not news, but man bites dog is news". Should be timely, timely, timely. Speed is the value of news. Slow news reporting will reduce the value of news, and "news" will become "old news". Prescription means speed and new content. Be sensitive to new people, new things, new situations and new problems, understand them as soon as possible and reflect them in time. Concise and to the point. Conciseness is the main sign that news is different from other styles. The so-called conciseness means "in a few words, remember the facts clearly, only a few strokes, show the spirit, summarize without abstraction, be brief without omission", use a pen succinctly and neatly, and concentrate on refining the content. Can be summarized as: 1. Quick and timely. 2. Real content. 3. Concise language (timeliness, authenticity, value and conciseness) and distinctive structure (news structure includes five parts: title, introduction, theme, conclusion and background). The first three are the main parts, and the last two are the auxiliary parts. )
Edit the message type of this paragraph.
(Generally, messages fall into four categories):
1. Dynamic message
Dynamic news is a style that quickly and accurately reports the latest major international and domestic events, important activities and the latest new situations, new trends, new achievements and new problems in various constructions. It is the most used category in newspapers. Newsletters of major news are all dynamic news. Major news refers to the news with great events and far-reaching significance, which occupies a prominent position in the newspaper when reported. For example, China Multipurpose Satellite (Guangming Daily)1May 1993 13). The content of the newsletter is the first and the length is short. Such as "international news bulletin", "academic trends" and "market walk".
2. Typical message
Typical news, also known as empirical news, is a style that focuses on the typical experiences and successful practices of some specific departments, units and industries. This kind of news is to sum up experience and reveal laws after introducing experiences and practices, so as to achieve the purpose of promoting work from point to area. For example, "Everything is created by the people themselves-a basic experience of Shougang's ten-year reform" (People's Daily)198865438+February 26th).
3. Comprehensive news
Comprehensive news is a report that combines the facts that happened in different places, different units, with different characteristics and the same nature to reflect a theme. Its characteristic is to analyze, put forward opinions and reveal laws on the basis of synthesizing and summarizing facts. For example, "If trees are cut down indiscriminately, floods still occur frequently in the three countries of South Asia, it is better to help North India plant trees" (Guangming Daily1July 25, 993).
Step 4 review the news
Also known as "reporter comments" and "news comments". It is a kind of news with both news and comment functions. It is on the basis of stating facts, interspersed with comments or expressing feelings, so as to analyze and explain the essence and significance of the reported facts. It is characterized by narration and comments, which require comments on facts based on the principles and policies of the country, with correct views and proper comments. For example, "distinguish between the mainstream and the tributaries, and don't take" beginning "as" overdoing it "(Liaoning Daily 65438+May 0979).
Edit the information writing of this paragraph.
1. Title
News headlines are divided into eyebrow topics (also known as leading topics and shoulder topics), themes (also known as themes and motifs) and subheadings (also known as auxiliary topics and subheadings). Several situations in newspapers and periodicals: (1) multi-line headlines. There are generally three lines in a multi-line title, that is, the middle line is the title, which is the core of the title and is used to reveal the theme or prompt important facts; The line above the topic is the eyebrow question, which is used to lead to the topic, explain the facts, explain the background, set off the atmosphere and reveal the meaning; The line below the topic is a subtitle, which is used to supplement or explain the topic or basis. For example, the head of the Ministry of Foreign Trade and Economic Cooperation made a speech (headline) hoping to realize direct cross-strait trade (topic) and was willing to contact and negotiate with the competent economic and trade department of Taiwan Province to solve the problems in cross-strait trade (subtitle). First, there are topics and eyebrows. True happiness depends on one's own labor (eyebrow title). Du made a donation to the country100000 yuan (title). The news being broadcast
Second, there are topics and sub-topics. For example, Chengdu Telecommunications Bureau spent money to criticize (cut to the chase), put an "announcement" in the newspaper to welcome the masses to supervise communication services (subtitle) (2) single-line headlines. Single-line titles have only topics. For example, the news headlines interviewed by President Asahi Shimbun should be as concise, approachable, accurate, novel and attractive as possible. Which name to use depends on your own situation.
Step 2 introduce
The introduction of information is the first paragraph or sentence of information. It consists of the freshest and most important facts or incisive arguments in the news to attract readers. This is why the structure of messages is usually an "inverted pyramid". Introduction is often written in the following ways: narrative. Write the main facts and experiences concisely, or make a comprehensive summary of the whole factual materials to reveal the main contents. For example, with the approval of the State Council, Dalian Guang Cai Industrial (Joint Venture) Co., Ltd., the first joint venture between self-employed individuals and Hong Kong businessmen in China, officially opened in April 1985. This is the news lead published by Economic Daily in April 1985. Question type. Put forward the problems to be solved or the experiences and practices to be introduced in the news in the form of questions, and then answer them with facts. For example, "Dear readers, do you know corduroy can be used as a skirt in summer? Among many corduroies newly produced by Shanghai flannel factory, there are such novel varieties. (Xinhua News Agency1980 July 16 press release) Descriptive. Describe distinctive facts or meaningful aspects with concise pen and ink, giving readers a vivid impression. For example, "The Great Hall of the People is decorated with pots of green Ophiopogon japonicus, pine and cypress, evergreen and blooming flowers, and the All-China Women's Federation will hold a get-together here this afternoon. 1more than 500 Chinese and foreign women gathered together. Shake hands and say hello to each other and have a cordial conversation to celebrate' March 8' Women's Day. (Xinhua News Agency, Beijing1March 8, 988). It is to make a critical conclusion on the reported facts first, and then clarify them with specific facts. For example, "Today, the first patent law promulgated by New China came into effect. Since then, the history of China's mental labor achievements being occupied for free has come to an end. " (Xinhua News Agency, Beijing 1985, April 1). Quote the profound and meaningful language of the characters in the information as an introduction. For example, "Du, a young woman, went to the judicial organs in Shanghai and asked her to donate more than 10 million yuan of her inheritance to the country. She said,' I am still young, and I should live by my own labor. I am willing to use this money to support the country's four modernizations. (Wen Wei Po198129 September)
3. subjects
Theme is the main part of information. It follows the introduction, expounds the theme revealed in the introduction, or answers the questions raised in the introduction, and describes and develops the news facts in detail. Pay attention to the following points when writing the text: the trunk is prominent. The main body of information is the backbone, and typical materials should be used on the backbone. We should remove clues, reduce branches and vines, discard irrelevant and secondary materials and keep them short. The content is substantial. Answering the questions raised in the introduction must be specific and substantive, so as to be convincing. What questions are asked in the lead, the subject should answer what questions, so as to stick to the center and highlight the key points. Rigorous structure and distinct levels. It is necessary to divide the paragraphs appropriately and unfold the narrative in an orderly manner. The arrangement order of the levels is as follows: first, the time order, according to the order of occurrence, development and end of things; The second is logical order, that is, arranging levels according to the internal relations of things; Third, the combination of chronological order and logical order makes the writing compact, orderly and lively.
4. Background
Background refers to the historical environment and causes of the event, and explains the specific conditions, nature and significance of the event. It is to enrich the content, contrast and highlight the theme. The background can appear in the main body, introduction or end, and its position is not fixed. There are generally three types of background materials: first, comparative materials, that is, comparing things before and after, positive and negative contrast, and highlighting the importance of events; The second is to explain the materials, that is, to introduce the political background, geographical location, historical evolution, production features, material conditions and so on. Third, the explanatory materials, that is, the description of the life of the characters, the introduction of professional terms, the explanation of historical allusions, etc. To help readers understand the news content.
5. Conclusion
The conclusion is the last paragraph or sentence of the news. Clarify the meaning of the facts stated in the news, so that readers can deepen their understanding and feelings of the news and get more enlightenment from it. At the end of the message, there are summaries, comments, hopes and so on. In some news, after writing the facts, the article stops and the ending is in the facts. Among them, title, introduction and theme are three indispensable elements in news structure.
News characteristics
Although there are many types of news, they all have the same basic characteristics. Mainly: authenticity, timeliness, accuracy and conciseness. cctv news
General features and status of news: distinctive content: true and concrete response: quick and timely language: four characteristics of concise and accurate news: truthfulness, freshness, conciseness and profundity. News has two basic characteristics: truthfulness and freshness, which extends the requirements of quick and timely news reporting. These two points are the most basic and core laws of news.
Structurally, each piece of news generally includes five parts: title, introduction, theme, background and conclusion. The first three are the main parts, and the last two are the auxiliary parts. Titles generally include introduction, theme and subtitle; Introduction is the first paragraph or sentence at the beginning of news, which briefly reveals the core content of news; The subject is the backbone of the news, expressing the theme with sufficient facts, and further expanding and explaining the content of the lead; Background refers to the social and natural environment in which news takes place. Background and conclusion can sometimes be implied in the text. Reading news should pay attention to its six elements (that is, the six narrative elements): people, time, place, the cause, process and result of events.
Mainly narrative, sometimes with discussion and description. News is also divided into open news and gossip news.
The six elements of news are five "W" and one "H", that is, who, what, when, where and why; Why; The six elements of news How (that is, narrative elements): time, place, people, the cause, process and result of events. News is simply: someone did something at a certain time and place and got a certain result. A news report, whether news, newsletter or feature, generally contains these six elements. "The sparrow is small and complete." For example, the following news explains the six elements very clearly: US President Ronald Reagan and Soviet leader Mikhail Gorbachev formally signed a treaty to completely destroy the medium-range and short-range nuclear missiles of the two countries in the East Room of the White House at 2: 02 this afternoon. Grasping these six elements can quickly grasp the main content of a news. This is undoubtedly helpful for modern people who are exposed to a lot of information every day to quickly screen useful information and improve reading efficiency.