1) Creative thinking is a creative thinking activity, that is, to open up new fields of human cognition and create new achievements of human cognition.
2) Creative thinking is an advanced psychological activity based on perception, memory, thinking, association and understanding, with the characteristics of comprehensiveness, exploration and novelty.
Creative thinking does not exist independently of other forms of thinking, but contains various forms of thinking.
Creative thinking requires people to pay hard mental work. The achievement of a kind of creative thinking is often achieved through long-term exploration, hard study and even repeated setbacks, and the ability of creative thinking is also acquired through long-term knowledge accumulation and quality tempering. As for the process of creative thinking, it is inseparable from various thinking activities such as reasoning, imagination, association and intuition.
Creative thinking has the following characteristics:
Creative thinking is novel, which is characterized by innovation, either in the choice of ideas, or in the skills of thinking, or in the conclusion of thinking. On the basis of predecessors and ordinary people, it has unprecedented originality, new insights, new discoveries and new breakthroughs, so it has a certain range of initiative and pioneering.
Creative thinking has great flexibility. It has no ready-made thinking methods and procedures to follow, and people can freely use their imagination.
Creative thinking has the characteristics of artistry and non-imitation, and its object is mostly "things themselves" rather than "things for me" There are two possibilities for the result of creative thinking.
Creative thinking has a very important role and significance. First of all, creative thinking can continuously increase the total amount of human knowledge; Secondly, creative thinking can continuously improve people's cognitive ability; Third, creative thinking can open up a new situation for practical activities. In addition, the success of creative thinking can also encourage people to further creative thinking. As Hua, a famous mathematician in China, said: "The value of' man' lies in his creative thinking."
Supplement: Creative thinking is a kind of advanced complex thinking that explores the unknown in a pioneering way. It is a kind of thinking with its own characteristics and originality. It is the dialectical unity of diffuse thinking and concentrated thinking, the organic combination of creative imagination and realistic orientation, and the unity of opposites between abstract thinking and inspirational thinking. Creative thinking refers to thinking with initiative and originality. Through creative thinking, we can not only reveal the essence and regularity of objective things, but also produce novel, unique and socially meaningful thinking results on this basis, and open up new fields of human knowledge. Creative thinking in a broad sense refers to the creative and meaningful thinking activities of the thinking subject, and every normal person has this kind of creative thinking. In a narrow sense, creative thinking refers to the thinking activities of thinking subjects exploring unknown fields, such as inventing, putting forward new assumptions, creating new theories and forming new concepts. This kind of creative thinking is only possessed by a few people. Creative thinking is developed on the basis of the interaction between abstract thinking and image thinking, which are the basic forms of creative thinking. In addition, it also includes diffusion thinking, centralized thinking, reverse thinking, switch thinking and associative thinking. Among them, diffusion thinking is to generate information from given information, focusing on generating a variety of outputs from the same source, and it is likely to shift. Centralized thinking is to produce logical conclusions from given information, and its focus is to produce the best results that are unique or customarily accepted. Reverse thinking is a form of finding the answer to a question at the same time with two seemingly impossible opposing thoughts. On-off thinking is a way of thinking that decomposes or merges the thinking objects in thinking, and then obtains new thinking products. Associative thinking is a kind of thinking form that connects the knowledge already mastered with a thinking object, and finds inspiration points from its correlation, so as to obtain creative ideas. Creative thinking is the necessary premise and condition to produce creative results, while creation is the driving force of historical progress, and creative thinking ability is the necessary means for individuals to promote social progress, especially in the era of knowledge economy, the cultivation of creative thinking is more important. The way is to enrich knowledge structure, cultivate associative thinking ability, overcome the resistance of habitual thinking to new ideas, cultivate the flexibility of thinking, strengthen discussion and often collide with ideas.
Characteristics of creative thinking
Creative thinking is the core of the intellectual structure of innovative talents and an indispensable factor for society and even individuals. Creative thinking is a unique advanced psychological activity process of human beings, and the result of human creation is the externalization and materialization of creative thinking. Creative thinking is developed on the basis of general thinking, which is the highest form of human thinking and the thinking activity of solving problems in new ways. Creative thinking emphasizes exploration and breakthrough, and has distinct initiative in solving problems. This kind of thinking is linked with creative activities, which embodies the social value of novelty and uniqueness. The characteristics of creative thinking mainly include: realistic thinking: being good at discovering the needs of society and the gap between people's ideals and reality. Starting from meeting the needs of society, expand the thinking space. Critical thinking: Dare to treat oneself and others' original knowledge with scientific skepticism, including authoritative judgment. Consistency of thinking: be good at starting from small things, train thinking, constantly put forward new ideas and keep thinking active. Flexibility of thinking: be good at changing the direction of thinking skillfully and flexibly, and produce methods suitable for the times. Be good at choosing the best scheme and solving problems effectively. Jumping of thinking: the thinking process is greatly omitted, and its thinking steps and thinking span are large, which has obvious jumping. Comprehensiveness of thinking: Possess a large number of facts, materials and related knowledge in detail, make use of the advantages of wisdom hybridization and the comprehensive application of various ways of thinking, give play to the guiding role of thinking, make in-depth analysis, grasp the characteristics, find out the laws and create new achievements. The formation of creative thinking must be consciously cultivated and trained, rich knowledge, experience and wisdom must be accumulated, we must be brave in practice first, and we must be good at learning from failures, so as to gain inspiration and realize a leap in thinking.
[Keywords:] innovation, thinking, characteristics.
In today's world, the rapid development of economy, science and technology and culture is changing with each passing day, mainly due to creativity in various fields. Macroscopically speaking, creativity is one of the driving forces of social progress; Microscopically speaking, creativity is a measure of a person's talent and ability. Creative thinking is the core of the intellectual structure of innovative talents. Creative thinking is a unique advanced psychological activity process of human beings, and the result of human creation is the externalization and materialization of creative thinking. Creative thinking is developed on the basis of general thinking, is the highest form of human thinking, is a thinking activity to solve problems in a new way, it reflects the internal and external organic connection of the essential attributes of things, and is a materialized psychological activity. Creative thinking is different from general thinking. Although it has the characteristics of general thinking, it emphasizes development and breakthrough. Creative thinking has distinct initiative in solving problems, which is associated with creative activities and embodies the social value of novelty and uniqueness. The characteristics of creative thinking mainly include the following points:
First, the reality of thinking.
Creation originates from the demand of development, and the demand of social development is the first driving force of creation. The realism of thinking is embodied in being good at discovering the needs of society and the gap between people's ideals and reality. Starting from meeting the needs of society, expand the thinking space. The needs of society are various, both explicit and implicit. Explicit demand has been concerned by the world, and it is easy to follow suit and difficult to innovate if we continue to study it. Need to creatively discover hidden requirements.
In business wars, the phenomenon of "following the trend" often appears. Many merchants will immediately organize the supply of goods for sale once they find out what goods are profitable. As a result, the supply of this kind of goods in the market often exceeds the demand, which is not only unprofitable but also causes losses. Businessmen with creative thinking apply the principle of foresight to their business, and through the collection, screening, analysis and judgment of information, draw a conclusion that conforms to the development law of things, and then formulate corresponding strategies. Wal-Mart is the first discount retailer in the world to try barcode, namely Universal Product Code (UPC) technology. After the trial of 1980, the cashier efficiency increased by 50%, so all Wal-Mart stores switched to bar code system (Chen Jing: on the significance and content of enterprise innovation, China Intellectual Property Network www.cnipr.com). In case teaching, many western universities regard Wal-Mart as a model of introducing new technologies. For example, Changling Group developed fluorine-free refrigerators when the products were selling well, and eliminated itself first, thus taking the lead in the market competition.
Second, critical thinking.
Our original knowledge is limited, its truth is relative, and things in the world are infinite, and their development is infinite. Whether we know the original things or the future things, the original knowledge is far from enough. Therefore, the criticism of thinking is first reflected in the courage to treat oneself and others' original knowledge with scientific skepticism, including authoritative judgment. Dare to find, analyze and solve problems independently. The French writer Balzac said: "The question mark is the key to all science." "The wisdom of life may lie in asking questions about everything."
Habitual thinking is an inertia of people's way of thinking, which makes people dare not think, dare not change and don't want to change, which greatly hinders the emergence and development of new things. Therefore, the criticism of thinking is also reflected in the courage to break through the shackles of habitual thinking, dare to think outside the box, dare to think independently, and use rich knowledge and experience to fully expand the wings of imagination, so that generate can create sparks and discover unprecedented things. French writer Maupassant said: "We should always avoid the familiar road and look for another one."
For example, the birth of cybernetics, which has extraordinary influence and great significance in the history of world science, reflects the criticism of American scientist Weiner's thought. The classical concept holds that the world is composed of matter and energy, while Wiener puts forward a new viewpoint and theory that the world is composed of energy, matter and information. Although his theory was opposed by conservatives at first, he bravely adhered to his own views and theories and finally founded a new discipline of cybernetics with extraordinary vitality.
Third, the coherence of thinking.
A person who is diligent in thinking every day can easily enter the state of creative thinking and easily activate the subconscious, thus generating inspiration. Innovators should be good at starting from small things, conducting thinking training, and constantly putting forward new ideas to keep their thinking coherent and active.
Thomas Edison owned 1039 patents in his life, and this record has never been broken. He just set an innovation quota for himself and his assistant, one small invention every 10 day and one big invention every six months. Once he accidentally wound a rope around his hand, so he remembered whether he could wind carbon wire like this.
If there is no consistency of thinking and no good thinking posture, there will be no such sensitive response. It can be seen that only by diligent thinking can we be good at thinking and capture the inspiration of breakthrough thinking in time.
At present, there are some misunderstandings about innovation, such as thinking that innovation is accidental. In fact, every innovation seems to be accidental rather than accidental, and accidental is the inevitable result.