Now "3G communication" is about to become a mantra on people's lips, so do you know what 3G communication is? The so-called 3G, in fact, its full name is 3rd Generation, and its Chinese meaning refers to the third generation of digital communications. The first generation of digital mobile phones that came out in 1995 could only make voice calls; the second generation of digital mobile phones that appeared from 1996 to 1997 added the function of receiving data, such as receiving emails or web pages; the third generation and the first two generations of mobile phones The main difference is the improvement in the speed of transmitting voice and data. It can handle various media forms such as images, music, and video streams, and provide a variety of information services including web browsing, conference calls, e-commerce, etc. Compared with the first generation analog mobile phones (1G) and the second generation GSM, TDMA and other digital mobile phones (2G).
3G communications have many names. The ITU stipulates the "IMT-2000" (International Mobile Telephone 2000) standard, and European telecommunications giants call it "UMTS" Universal Mobile Communications System. The standard stipulates that when a mobile terminal is moving at vehicle speed, its transmission data rate is 144kbps, when it is stationary or walking outdoors, the data rate is 384kbps, and when indoors it is 2Mbps. But these requirements do not mean that the user-available speed can reach 2Mbps, because the indoor speed will also depend on the detailed frequency planning in the building and the close cooperation between the organization and the operator.
The International Telecommunications Union (ITU) has determined that the three mainstream wireless interface standards for 3G communications are W-CDMA (Wideband Code Division Multiple Access), CDMA2000 (Multi-Carrier Division Multiplexing Spread Spectrum Modulation) and TDS -CDMA (Time Division Synchronous Code Division Multiple Access). Among them, the W-CDMA standard mainly originated from the early third-generation wireless research activities in Europe and Japan. The system is used on the existing GSM network and can be easily transitioned for system providers. The standard mainly supports " Cui Tingfu Studio", everyone can post when you have time. Those include Europe, Japan, and South Korea. At the end of last year, the US AT&T mobile business branch also announced that it would select WCDMA as its third-generation business platform. The CDMA2000 system is mainly proposed by Qualcomm North America. Its construction cost is relatively low. It mainly supports "Cui Tingfu Studio". Please post it when you have time. Those include Japan, South Korea and North America and other regions and countries. The TD-SCDMA standard was first proposed by China and based on this wireless transmission technology (RTT), it cooperated with international cooperation to complete the TD-SCDMA standard and became a member of the CDMA TDD standard. This is the first step in the Chinese mobile communications industry. A pioneering undertaking, it is also China’s contribution to the development of third-generation mobile communications. In competition with the 3G standards proposed by Europe and the United States, the TD-SCDMA proposed by China has officially become one of the global 3G standards, which marks that China has entered the world's leading position in the field of mobile communications.
3G mobile phones are completely the product of the integration of the communications industry and the computer industry. Compared with previous mobile phones, the difference is really huge, so more and more people are beginning to call this type of new mobile communication products It is a "personal communication terminal". Even the most layman in the communications industry can easily tell whether a mobile phone is a "third generation" based on its appearance: third-generation mobile phones have a large color display screen, which is often touch-sensitive. In addition to completing high-quality daily communications, 3G mobile phones can also perform multimedia communications. Users can write and draw directly on the touch display of a 3G mobile phone and transfer it to another mobile phone, and the time required may be less than a second. Of course, this information can also be transferred to a computer, or certain information can be downloaded from a computer; users can use 3G mobile phones to directly access the Internet, check emails or browse the web; there will be many models of 3G mobile phones with built-in cameras. It will allow users to use mobile phones for computer conferencing, and even make digital cameras "redundant".
3G communication is the introduction of the first generation of analog technology in the mobile communication market. The booming development of the second generation digital mobile communications market was introduced into the agenda. As Internet data services continue to heat up and fixed access rates (HDSL, ADSL, VDSL) continue to increase, 3G mobile communication systems have also seen the dawn of the market and are becoming increasingly important to telecom operators, communication equipment manufacturers and ordinary people. users are concerned about.
The first-generation mobile phones are analog, the second-generation mobile phones are digital mobile phones such as GSM and TDMA, and the so-called third-generation mobile phones generally refer to the new generation of mobile phones that can combine voice communication and multimedia communication. Communication system, its possible value-added services will include images, music, web browsing, teleconferencing and other information services.
The third generation of mobile phones has many names. The International Telecommunication Union calls it "IMT-2000", European telecommunications giants call it "UMTS" (Universal Mobile Telecommunications System), and the third generation mobile phone has many names. The technical standards that may be applied to third-generation mobile phones, such as WCDMA and CDMA-2000, are also used on some occasions as a proxy for third-generation mobile phones, while the more general name is "3G".
3G mobile phones are completely the product of the integration of the communications industry and the computer industry. Compared with previous mobile phones, the difference is really huge, so more and more people are beginning to call this type of new mobile communication products as a "personal communicator". Even the most layman in the communications industry can easily tell whether a mobile phone is a "third generation" based on its appearance: third-generation mobile phones have an oversized display screen, which is often touch-sensitive!
What can 3G mobile phones do?
What can 3G mobile phones do? According to experts, in addition to completing the high-quality voice communications currently performed by mobile phones, it can also perform multimedia communications. Users can write and draw directly on the touch display screen of a 3G mobile phone and transfer it to another mobile phone, and the time required may be less than a second. Of course, this information can also be transferred to a computer, or certain information can be downloaded from a computer; users can use 3G mobile phones to directly access the Internet, check emails or browse the web; there will be many models of 3G mobile phones with built-in cameras. It will allow users to use mobile phones for computer conferencing and make digital cameras "redundant."
The basis for its powerful functions is the extremely high data transmission speed of 3G mobile phones. The current transmission speed of GSM mobile communication network is 9,600 bytes per second, and the third-generation mobile phone may eventually reach the data transmission speed of 9,600 bytes per second. Will be up to 2Mbytes per second. Supporting this is the full integration of Internet technology into 3G mobile phone systems, the most important of which is data packaging technology. GPRS developed by applying data packaging technology to existing GSM can currently reach 384K bytes per second. Transmission speed, which is equivalent to twice the transmission speed of D-ISDN. Supporting high-quality voice, packet data, multimedia services and multi-user speed communications will greatly expand the connotation of mobile phone communications.
Focus on 3G standard formulation
In March 1999, the ITU-RTG8/1 Brazil meeting determined the overall pattern of the third-generation wireless interface technology. The third-generation wireless interface technology is divided into Two major categories: CDMA and TDMA, among which CDMA occupies a dominant position. CDMA is further divided into three technologies: FDD direct sequence, FDD multi-carrier and TDD. TEMA is mainly composed of UWC136 and DECT technology. After this meeting, there was a trend of integration and unification among different third-generation technologies.
Shortly after the TG8/1 Brazil meeting, Ericsson and Qualcomm reached a patent mutual licensing agreement. In May 1999, at the International Operators Organization conference in Toronto, more than 30 of the world's largest wireless operators and more than 10 wireless equipment manufacturers reached an agreement on the integration of broadband CDMA FDD technology. The ITUTG8/1 Beijing Conference held in June achieved significant results in the integration of third-generation mobile communication technologies. The Toronto Conference Agreement of the International Operator Organization received widespread support from the participants and opened up a broad path for the integration of CDMA FDD technology. At the same time, with the efforts of Chinese representatives, all parties have also attached great importance to CDMATDD technology, and the integration of CDMATDD technology is also accelerating.
Many wireless operators and equipment providers support the integration of third-generation mobile communication technology and the detailed third-generation mobile communication wireless interface to be determined at the TG8/1 Beijing conference to be held in June this year The normative framework will lay a solid foundation for the final completion of the IMT-2000 wireless interface standard in October this year.
The formulation of network technology standards is an important part of the third generation mobile communication standards. The integration of network technology is related to whether mobile users can roam between different third generation operating systems.
Networks that comply with the IMT-2000 wireless interface standard system can use different protocols within the network, but each network must comply with the standards set by the ITU. Currently, the formulation of some standards for third-generation mobile communication networks is also actively underway.
The Dawn of the East
my country is one of the countries with the fastest development of mobile communications in the world. By the end of 1997, the number of mobile users had reached 13.23 million, and it is expected that the number of mobile users will reach 30 million by this year. above. In the development of the first generation (1G) and second generation (2G) mobile communication systems, due to various factors, we have not been able to truly form our own mobile communication industry. Now, the third generation of mobile communication is in its infancy internationally. , the relevant system and standard formulation work began. Through 3G, my country's scientific research and communication industry will be promoted, and my country's communication network will be gradually localized.
my country attaches great importance to the research and development of 3G. The Ministry of Posts and Telecommunications has established a third-generation mobile communications leading group to be responsible for the leadership and coordination of third-generation mobile communications. In addition, the former Ministry of Posts and Telecommunications and the National "863" have respectively conducted research on the third generation mobile communication system.
On June 29, 1999, the Telecommunications Science and Technology Research Institute of the former Ministry of Posts and Telecommunications of my country (Datang Telecom) submitted a TD-SCDMA solution with my country's own intellectual property rights to ITV. This solution integrates today's leading international technologies such as smart wireless, synchronous CDMA and software radio. It has high spectrum utilization, low cost and great flexibility, making it very competitive.
In November 1998, the former Telecommunications Science and Technology Research Institute of the Ministry of Posts and Telecommunications (Datang Telecom) proposed the third generation mobile communication standard (3G) TD on behalf of China - the SCDMA solution became the only one in Asia. A third-generation mobile communications (3G) standard selected by the ITU has become one of the important international third-generation mobile communications (3G) standards. It is also the first complete standard proposed by China in the century-old telecommunications history, marking China's first step forward. This is a historic first step in the transition from tracking to innovation.
Future 3G is not a dream
Because the temptation of 3G products is irresistible, people are predicting 3G products and technologies. Ovam, a company engaged in independent research and consulting, published a report claiming that the market in most regions was mature in 2006. However, most world-class manufacturers have released prototypes of new devices that they believe will be the wireless communications tool of the future.
Analysts at Strategis Group believe that several markets around the world will adopt wireless networks as early as 2002, while the United States will not be able to use this technology until 2004 because of the slowdown in 3G wireless technology in Asia and Europe. Far more than the United States.
According to another analyst from Strategis Group: Finland, Japan and the United Kingdom will be the first to launch 3G technology on the market. Although these countries may not be large markets for wireless Internet services, as user demand increases, they will definitely adopt 3G services. Strategis Group also revealed that commercial applications of a large number of 2·5G and 3G technologies will still take several years to be launched, and wireless operators are currently changing their business models to prepare for these services. This will bring a new situation to wireless communications and information.
As for the number of users in the 2·5G and 3G markets in 2006, according to Strategis Group estimates, China will have more than 75 million users, ranking first in the world, followed by Japan, with approximately 36 million users. users, while the United States lags far behind, with the number of 2.5G and 3G users falling below 14 million.
3G communication technology is getting closer and closer to our lives. Its arrival will surely set off a new wave of wireless communications. 3G is an important development stage in the evolution of personal communications in the future. It is a milestone and epoch-making meaning.
It is expected that the commercialization of 3G in our country will take several years. From the strategic perspective of facing the increasingly fierce competition in the mobile communications market in the future, we will vigorously develop in these precious years. GSM continues to launch new services and actively and steadily prepares for the evolution to 3G.
The so-called 3G, in fact, its full name is 3rd Generation, and its Chinese meaning refers to the third generation of digital communications.
The first generation of digital mobile phones that came out in 1995 could only make voice calls; the second generation of digital mobile phones that appeared from 1996 to 1997 added the function of receiving data, such as receiving emails or web pages; the main differences between the third generation and the first two generations were The difference is the improvement in the speed of transmitting voice and data. It can handle various media forms such as images, music, and video streams, and provide a variety of information services including web browsing, telephone conferencing, and e-commerce.
Compared with the first generation of analog mobile phones (1G) and the second generation of digital mobile phones (2G) such as GSM and TDMA, 3G communication has many names. The ITU stipulates that it is "IMT-2000" (International Mobile Communications). Telephone 2000) standard, which European telecommunications giants call "UMTS" Universal Mobile Telecommunications System.
The standard stipulates that when a mobile terminal is moving at vehicle speed, its transmission data rate is 144kbps, when it is stationary or walking outdoors, the rate is 384kbps, and when indoors it is 2Mbps. But these requirements do not mean that the user-available speed can reach 2Mbps, because the indoor speed will also depend on the detailed frequency planning in the building and the close cooperation between the organization and the operator.
The 2.5G mobile communication technology that is currently in commercial application is a connecting technology from 2G to 3G. Since 3G is a very large project, it involves many and complex levels. It is necessary to start from the current It is impossible to connect 2G to 3G immediately, so 2.5G appeared between 2G and 3G. HSCSD, GPRS, WAP, EDGE, Bluetooth, EPOC and other technologies are all 2.5G technologies.
HSCSD is an upgraded version of the GSM network, which can significantly increase the transmission speed to two to three times the usual speed. Currently, the mobile phones of Singapore M1 and Singapore Telecom all use the HSCSD system, and their transmission speed can reach 57.6kbps.
GPRS has the feature of instant connection, so for users, it can be said to be online at any time. GPRS technology also allows service providers to charge based on data transmission volume, rather than simply charging based on connection time. This technology works with the GSM network and the transmission speed can reach 115kbps.
EDGE is completely based on the current GSM standard. It can not only maximize the functions of GPRS, but also provide broadband multimedia services through current wireless networks. The transmission speed of EDGE can reach 384kbps and can be used in applications such as wireless multimedia, email, network infotainment and video conferencing.
WAP is the first stage product of the combination of mobile communications and the Internet, and it is also the most heard of it. This technology allows users to use wireless devices such as mobile phones to surf the Internet and travel between different sites through a small screen. These same sites must also be written in WMl (Wireless Markup Language), which is equivalent to HTML (Hyperdocument Markup Language) on the Internet.
Prospects of the 3G Era
Japanese mobile communications giant NTF DoCoMo launched the world's first 3G service on October 1, which is based on the WCDMA standard. At present, Asia has become the region with the fastest development of 3G, followed closely by Europe. The United States is far behind in technical preparations because it is not very enthusiastic. In addition to Japan and South Korea, which are the fastest moving, Thailand and Hong Kong have also issued 3G licenses. Taiwan is about to issue industrial 3G licenses. The mainland is expected to issue 3G licenses before the end of the year, and the market expects to issue two to three camera licenses.
Answer: fuping111 - Director Level 9 2-4 15:51
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I am not a professional, at best I have only a little knowledge. If you are too literal-minded, you might end up making a joke, so I don’t want to get too hung up on the meaning of the word “3G”. I just want to share some of my own thoughts about 3G, and let me shed some light on it! Everyone criticized...
As we all know, there are three 3G standards: TD-SCDMA, CDMA2000 and WCDMA.
So where are the two 3G ones? Let me give you my opinion... There are several operators in China, and now they are all troubled by the 3G thing. Needless to say, China Unicom and China Mobile have been in the mobile communications industry for so many years. Don’t look at each one. He said he was not in a hurry, but when he saw such a big piece of meat saying this, do you believe it? If you believe me, I can only say that you are a fool:) The other two fixed network operators, one has a backer (China Netcom), the other has Wang Dazui (Telecom), they are all in chaos! Foreign companies, related but not related, and domestic experts who know a little bit but don't know a lot, are all rushing to get involved in this troubled water... just one word - chaos!
But I always feel like there are some shortcomings? What you are talking about is actually a kind of 3G - the operator's 3G. What about us consumers? Where is the 3G for us consumers? Are there any promises from each operator? Are there any policymakers from the national competent authorities? Have they considered it when planning telecom restructuring and reform? Do the GSM Association, CDG (CDMA Development Group), and TD-SCDMA Alliance have a place for consumers in the various beautiful blueprints they have drawn for their respective 3G standards? Are those so-called 3G really what we need?
(Some "false friends" are "angry", saying that this guy just loves to argue! You're right, people are cut off from each other, and I don't want to fight for flesh and blood, so I just want to argue...)
The operator's 3G is easy to understand: high-speed data transmission, mobile TV, video phone, mobile payment... there are so many more, I am too lazy to mention them. What about 3G for consumers? Let me say that I can't say it well, but I think that with the advancement of technology, consumers' rights and relevant laws and regulations should also progress and require "3G". Uncoordinated development will have negative consequences sooner or later!
In the 1G era, consumers had to spend tens of thousands or even tens of thousands of yuan to enjoy mobile communication services; in the 2G era, consumers began to buy mobile terminals for as low as thousands or even hundreds of yuan, free of charge. Connect to the Internet and start enjoying the "gift" phone bills from the operator; then what will we get in the 3G era? This point has always been avoided in operators' 3G planning. So let me have some random thoughts...
First of all, let’s talk about transferring network numbers with others. It’s a topic I’ve been talking about for so long, and I’ll talk about it again today. Chinese consumers are always kind and easy to believe what operators say. Such an 11-digit mobile phone number is just a string of digits. Before, we foolishly preferred to believe that it belonged to the operator. It is estimated that not many people would have dared to think of switching networks with a number 2 years ago. But gradually we have the opportunity to see the world, and we find that the outside world is not like this. In South Korea, the United States, and even our own Hong Kong, numbers belong to public resources and do not belong to any operator. Consumers can do whatever they want. carry their "own" number to "go to" their favorite operator. We are ahead of the United States in some things. For example, China Mobile launched the MMS multimedia message service 10 months earlier than American operators. Now there are a lot of 200W pixel camera phones on the Chinese market, and there are already people making 300W ones. Use it, the 500W one will be launched soon! The 200W in the United States has just been launched. But why do we have to lag behind others in protecting the rights of consumers? Ten years ago, telephone users across the United States could already receive the detailed bill of address delivered to their residence by the operator for free. However, in some places, there was actually a charge for going to the business office to check the details of the landline phone number in person! ! ! The new government opposes GDP-only theory and advocates a scientific outlook on development. We look forward to changes...
Let’s talk about interconnection and fair competition, which is also an old topic. They are all state-owned enterprises, and they all operate with taxpayers' money. I really don't understand who gave them the courage to engage in "internet discrimination", create interconnection barriers, and engage in digging fiber optic cables and cutting them. electric wire.
To put it bluntly, this kind of behavior is to spend part of the state-owned assets and use unfair and illegal means to prevent or hinder the appreciation of another part of the state-owned assets (or 1 + 1 = - 2)! ! ! The palms of our hands are filled with our taxpayers’ money. A certain operator’s financial statements look good. If the boss is promoted, shareholders and consumers will follow suit. Little do they know that they are all playing with our taxpayers’ money. Come and play! Not to mention state-owned enterprises, just in terms of competition, do we need to go through the "free", vicious, and disorderly competition that led to economic crises in the early days of capitalism? There is nothing wrong with crossing the river by feeling the stones. However, if you still insist on going your own way even though there are lessons learned and examples, I can only say that this is a crime...
Finally, let’s talk about telecommunications law. Baidu searched the "Telecommunications Law" and only recorded 110,000 entries. Compared with "3G", it is really too cold. Such a big country, such a big telecommunications market, and so many domestic and foreign manufacturers are salivating, saying "it will be too late if you don't get there!" all day long. So, have any of them cared about the Telecommunications Law? It will be too late if it is not enacted? 3G can easily cost tens of billions or even hundreds of billions, all of which are the hard-earned money of the people. It operates under a situation of "nothing to rely on". Oh my god... I don't dare to think about it anymore!
3G belongs to operators, but it belongs to us consumers! Any reform or reorganization of the telecommunications industry, if its purpose is only to "balance", is to satisfy the interests of certain groups, rather than to promote more comprehensive, effective and reasonable competition, and not to bring vital benefits to consumers. , then it will definitely fail... Just talk about splitting up China Unicom, which is so popular now. Whether it is bricks and mortar, foreign investment institutions, evaluation agencies, or some consumers, they are all following it. There is indeed some truth in his rhetoric. What a loss, the brand is small! Fundamentally speaking, I am not opposed to splitting up China Unicom. If the reorganization after the split can bring about several operators with comparable strength and more effective and orderly competition than now, then I don’t think many consumers will disagree with it. ! The question is, can such a goal be achieved? I will only say one thing: If China Unicom is split, will it be beneficial to consumers? It is already very difficult to compete with China Mobile with China Unicom now. Are you trying to make it artificially smaller? What are the consequences? Can consumers benefit from such more unbalanced competition? Or split into 2 parts and merge into fixed network operators! Given the current advantages of fixed network operators in backbone networks and their past misdeeds, these two companies will soon kill mobile phones. Will consumers benefit from this result? To put it bluntly, some companies have touched the interests of vested interest groups and touched their cheese, so they can't sit still and want to "get" you! We consumers sometimes like to follow the advice, but we must be careful whether our interests can be protected after the gust of wind passes... Looking at Russia from a distance, after listening to the words of Western experts and consulting agencies, everyone sees that their people are benefiting Is there any more? Let’s take a closer look at China Unicom. In the early stages of CDMA operation, did they seek advice from any well-known international “consulting firm” to see if China Unicom gained any benefits? What outsiders say always has their own interests in mind, or they want to sell more equipment, or they want to do something, so you can’t believe it all!
3G should not only be 3G for technology, but also 3G for services, 3G for tariffs, 3G for systems and regulations, and 3G for consumers...
Two years ago, My various assumptions about the development of mobile communication technology have become or are becoming reality; but my earlier aspirations regarding China’s telecommunications industry regulations and consumer rights still seem so far away from us now! We are looking forward to changes!
Let us pay attention to China’s 3G process and the legal process of the telecommunications market...