The upgrading of China's equipment manufacturing industry must take the road of "integration of industrialization and modernization".
But at present, the overall environment of China equipment manufacturing industry is that industrialization and informatization belong to two major fields. When it comes to management informationization, many software companies are still in the state of buying software CDs and selling licenses. As a tool, software can't consciously complete the "integration of industrialization and informatization", but it is difficult and risky to achieve it only by enterprises. In this way, the boundary between single consultation and single software implementation is obvious, and there is a problem of "two skins" between industrialization and informatization. When enterprises are informatization for the sake of informatization, advanced information technology cannot be transformed into the independent innovation power of China's advanced manufacturing industry, so we must explore new models to truly realize the integration of industrialization and informatization.
Ten years ago, when information technology just entered China, a number of local modern consulting service enterprises such as Analysys International, Hamp Consulting and Tuoguang Consulting were positioned as "management +IT", and gradually formed a service model of "integration of consulting and implementation" from the integration of software implementation. This service mode, which deeply integrates management and information with enterprises, not only becomes a new mode of "information and industry integration", but also becomes a new direction for software enterprises to transform into services. Since 2008, UFIDA, Kingdee and other software manufacturers have put forward the concepts of "professional service", "customer management, in-depth service" and "becoming an enterprise management expert in China", which is an exploration of the service mode of "integration of consultation and implementation".
The integration of consulting implementation means that consulting companies not only provide customers with pure management consulting services or pure software system IT services, but also further transform the initial consulting scheme and promotion objectives into a series of sub-objectives, strategies and behaviors shared by consulting companies and enterprises through effective methods, tools and impetus.
"Integration of industrialization and modernization" is a systematic project, and software implementation is only a part of it. The integration of consultation and implementation extends the simple software implementation to the previous IT strategic planning, business process combing, process optimization, non-ERP process electronic application, management and information application promotion.
Adopting the integrated service mode of consulting and implementation breaks through the original service limitations of consulting companies and software implementation companies. Through the integration of management and information services, such as general contracting and professional outsourcing, it is the only way to form closer services with enterprises and their industries.
For more than ten years, Tuoguang Consulting has continuously summarized and refined the management concept, summed up the method of "integration of two industries", integrated software tools and industry resources, and gradually formed a unique service model of "integration of consulting and implementation", effectively solving the outstanding problems that "one scheme cannot be implemented" and "integration of two industries" cannot be sustained only by consulting companies, implementing companies or enterprises. The extended consultation found that information technology can be a "turnkey" project, but the essence of enterprise management and information integration is management upgrading, which is a "integration of industrialization and modernization" and cannot be a "turnkey" project. The process management 2.0 method proposed by extended consulting is based on business process, which is the basic management of an enterprise. It cooperates with enterprises instead of turnkey, and grows together with enterprises, which makes enterprises change from the initial paper throwing and drawing throwing to process optimization and process E.
20 13 Chongqing Pin Guan consulting, a subsidiary of Chongqing Yang Guo holding co., ltd., a domestic local enterprise, pioneered the "trinity" digital factory management mode, further promoted the deep integration of the two industries, that is, lean thinking+intelligent equipment+information integration, and created and promoted the management concept of the deep integration of the two industries from ideas to information integration and equipment intelligence, thus further promoting the transformation and upgrading of enterprises.
"Integration of industrialization and modernization" is changing the mode of industrial production.
With the emergence and application of emerging information technology, the traditional mode of production and business model are inevitably changing. Wu, an academician of China Academy of Engineering, believes that "with the closer integration of information technology with all walks of life, the future industrial production mode will also undergo major changes". Therefore, under the background of the third industrial revolution, it is necessary to further promote the integration of information technology and other industries, so as to lead the research and development of subversive innovative technologies and successfully realize the transformation from China manufacturing to China intelligent manufacturing.
Talking about information technology, the technical core of China's intellectual creation, Wu believes that "information is equivalent to prolonging the intelligence of the brain and enabling us to do things that were unimaginable before". For example, when we talk about the internet, we only mean communication, but now it is much more than that. Take the smart phone that is in the limelight. Although the call function is no different from other mobile phones, its function has already exceeded the scope of communication. Its excellent humanized design and high-quality sensory enjoyment have opened up a new experience of intelligent communication for us.
The same expansion of human development experience is the emergence of 3G bandwidth, which not only makes the network faster, but also highlights the powerful information processing capabilities. For example, the Internet of Things, the next generation Internet and the mobile network, which are now hot, are actually upgraded by using information technology on the basis of the original production technology. "At the beginning, China's' integration of the two industries' only bought the enterprise management software of CLM and CLP, then went to production automation, and finally analyzed and processed the data in the whole production process." Wu Hequan explained.
3D printing is one of the models of new industrial production mode, which breaks the thinking mode of processing and production in the past and has broad development prospects. The traditional processing is to cut and cut, and the useless ones are constantly cut off. This is called subtraction. And 3D printing is to stack the materials layer by layer. Where there is much beating, where there is no beating, it will be stacked less, and products will be formed through superposition and lamination. This is called addition, which greatly improves the utilization rate of materials. With the fine design and mastery of printing materials, 3D printing has been able to achieve personalized production, and the production line is even flexible.
Therefore, some countries regard 3D printing as a sharp weapon to recapture manufacturing from China, and use it to provide personalized services and make personalized manufacturing. In the future, this new processing technology will change the current production mode from large-scale manufacturing to personalized manufacturing. Wu analyzed that for China, a big industrial country that mainly uses cheap labor and produces indiscriminately, the appearance of personalized manufacturing will pose a great challenge to its traditional production mode. Therefore, China should take the initiative to innovate independently, change the development mode, reduce the labor cost, and further promote the integration of informatization and other industries.
Although "the integration of industrialization and modernization" in China is facing some difficulties at this stage, we should also see our own advantages. For example, China has the largest number of researchers in the world and unique human resources. In terms of intelligent information processing, China has the largest number of internet users in the world, with abundant online resources and great development potential. In terms of medical treatment, hospitals in China have the largest number of patients in the world, with abundant case resources. If we can promote the development of the pharmaceutical industry by analyzing the case data, the prospect is also promising. "In essence, our resources are not only physical resources such as water and energy, but also information. Whether these resources can be used effectively is an important condition for future career and development opportunities. " He Hezhen said.
"Integration of industrialization and modernization" needs institutional innovation.
The survey shows that 78. 1% of small and medium-sized manufacturing enterprises in China actively seek the transformation from "Made in China" to "Made in China" at the coming of the new industrial revolution. This requires not only the application of information processing and production, but also the innovative challenge to the management and system mode in production. The white paper "Made in China to Made in China" points out that at present, China manufacturing enterprises enter the global industrial chain through the global procurement system of multinational retail enterprises, or through supporting processing outsourcing, or by virtue of inexpensive products. The core of "China Zhizao" is to connect with the international community through the industrial chain, to activate and enhance the role of China enterprises in the global commercial system chain, while China has a vast market and weak independent research and development capabilities.
At present, China has developed into the largest manufacturing center in the world, with the output of 172 manufacturing products ranking first in the world and occupying an invisible champion in many manufacturing products fields. For example, the output of containers accounts for 80% of the world's total, batteries 80%, toys 70%, bicycles 60%, telephones 50%, shoes 50% and personal computers 40% ... However, due to the lack of core technology and independent brands, China manufacturing still lacks the core voice. Take Barbie doll, which is popular all over the world, as an example. Barbie dolls produced in China cost only 1 USD, and the price in the United States is as high as 9.99 USD. Facts have proved that China enterprises can be in an invincible position only by transforming to both ends of the industrial chain. However, without the support of mature management and institutional innovation model, it is easy to enter the scientific research and development and marketing links, establish their own brand advantages and successfully transform and upgrade. In fact, the transformation from China manufacturing to "China intelligent manufacturing" is a systematic subject, which requires in-depth thinking and adjustment in innovation concept, management mode, system and mechanism.
At the level of national innovation system, Wu believes that the education system should be further optimized first. In particular, the training of talents in China's university education should change from exam-oriented education to quality education, broaden professional fields and cross-disciplines, broaden students' thinking, truly stimulate students' enthusiasm for exploration and innovation, and cultivate a large number of compound talents urgently needed by the times. In terms of scientific research management, we can concentrate funds on key project research, form a joint force of scientific research, and reduce the waste of funds caused by project homogenization. In addition, the national layout of key projects should be consciously carried out, such as materials genomics, synthetic biology and other fields, and the United States has included them in the national plan.
Take Taiwan Province Province as an example. The system of Taiwan Province Institute of Technology is that only half of all scientific research funds come from the government and the other half from enterprises. "This means that research institutes get more money from enterprises, and the funds provided by the government will also increase. So how do you get money from the enterprise? In addition to transferring achievements, it can also provide technology and talents. What the government pursues is not the income from the transfer of achievements, but the big cycle of returning corporate profits and taxes to the government after the achievements are transformed into products. At this time, enterprises can not only produce products, but also acquire technology and know how to improve products. " Wu explained that this can provide reference for our benign interaction in Industry-University-Research.
In order to effectively integrate Industry-University-Research, research institutes play an important role as a bridge. Wu believes that, except for some universities that focus on research, most universities should face enterprises, truly realize the linkage between production and learning, and create more economic value. The evaluation of professors' titles should also be changed, and more attention should be paid to the contribution of their innovations and invention patents to the real industry, so as to strengthen the motivation for scientific researchers to turn patented inventions into practical applications.
"China Zhizao" enterprises are the main body, and the innovation of management mode is urgently needed. At present, China's industrial upgrading and enterprise transformation are carried out simultaneously, which will inevitably generate more management needs for enterprises and further promote the reform of management mode. Under the background of the third industrial revolution, more and more enterprises in China began to pay attention to the construction of internal management system and put it into action. Some scholars said that in order to realize the transformation of "China's intellectual creation", we should not only learn from the advanced management mode in the West, but also innovate the management mode in China. Only by finding a management model that matches the transition period can we reshape the competitiveness of enterprises and truly realize the gorgeous turn of "China's intellectual creation".
Under the general trend of industrialization and information integration, the CIO of manufacturing enterprises must meet eight challenges.
First, how to effectively manage the business processes of enterprises. How can we simplify the process? How to implement the process? How to effectively monitor the execution of business processes? CIO needs to deeply understand the business processes of enterprises, devote himself to making business processes visible, standardized and automated, create a unified business process library, and realize the integration of information systems based on business processes.
Second, how to effectively apply the latest IT technology. In the application practice of IT technology, new ideas (such as green IT, smart earth, clear enterprise and Internet of Things), new theories (such as EA and enterprise architecture), new architectures (such as SOA), new models (such as SAAS, cloud computing and cloud security) and new technologies (such as WAN acceleration and intranet security) are constantly emerging. CIO should actively absorb the essence of these new technologies, while carefully brushing off the bubbles.
Third, how can the information system keep up with the rapid changes of enterprises and support the development strategy of enterprises? Driven by government policies and investment, China's economy has initially bottomed out and started to recover, especially the performance of the automobile industry is very eye-catching; However, some industries closely related to infrastructure investment have not actually been affected by the economic crisis, and they have made great strides in the past year, such as railways and construction machinery; At the same time, 3G brings new hope to the communication industry. Consumer goods, medicine and other people's livelihood-related industries have maintained steady development; China's military industry and state-owned monopoly enterprises still maintain a good momentum of development. In the process of rapid changes in enterprises, information systems must be able to support enterprises to increase revenue and reduce expenditure and realize refined management. At the same time, the development of manufacturing enterprises increasingly needs the help of mergers and acquisitions, expansion and upstream and downstream extension. Therefore, the organizational form of manufacturing enterprises is rapidly changing from single factory to multi-factory and from single organization to multi-organization. Therefore, CIO must be committed to establishing an information system with good openness, expansibility, configurability and flexibility, which can support strategic measures such as enterprise organization, operation mode and merger and acquisition, so as to realize the development strategy of enterprises.
Fourth, how does the information system meet the needs of business operations? Through the in-depth application of information technology, the business department has changed from being stimulated by the business department to constantly putting forward demands in practice. CIO must effectively manage the demands put forward by local business departments, analyze whether these demands are reasonable, whether they are * * * sexual demands, how to integrate with established information systems, and how to control unreasonable demands, so as to organize the informatization construction of enterprises in a planned way and make the information systems meet the needs of normal business operations to the maximum extent.
Fifth, how does the information system adapt to the change of manufacturing mode? In recent years, the manufacturing mode of manufacturing enterprises has undergone profound changes, from vertical integration to horizontal integration, and more and more manufacturing outsourcing has been adopted; Manufacturing equipment is gradually changing from ordinary machine tools to numerical control and automation, and industrial robots are used more and more; Gradually shift from discrete manufacturing to assembly line manufacturing; Manufacturing theories such as lean production, agile manufacturing, intelligent manufacturing and green manufacturing are gradually applied in manufacturing enterprises. Under the trend of rapid change of manufacturing mode, CIO should focus on solving the problem of informatization within enterprises and expand to solving the problem of collaborative informatization between upstream and downstream enterprises; In order to realize closed-loop management, enterprises must obtain real-time feedback information such as manufacturing and quality. Therefore, CIO must fully consider the application of barcode, RFID and other automatic identification technologies. CIO must also consider the integration of the underlying automation system and enterprise-level information system, so workshop-level informatization has become the focus that CIO must pay attention to.
Sixth, how to effectively realize IT governance. With the enterprise's IT architecture and application system becoming more and more complex, manufacturing enterprises must carry out effective IT governance. CIO should devote himself to establishing IT governance system and IT governance mechanism, master and apply IT governance methods, make the planning, implementation and operation and maintenance of information systems have rules to follow, and realize the sustainable development of enterprise informatization construction.
Seventh, how to achieve effective communication and enhance leadership. In the process of informatization construction, CIO needs to be able to communicate effectively with enterprise leaders, business departments and IT department employees, and get active support and participation from all parties. At the same time, CIO also needs to communicate effectively with IT partners, including hardware and software providers, consulting service and implementation partners, and IT outsourcing partners, so as to establish mutual trust and long-term cooperation between enterprises and partners, thus supporting the long-term development of enterprise information construction. Therefore, CIO should focus on improving communication skills and leadership, and effectively gather resources.
Eighth, how to effectively realize the management of IT projects. The informatization construction of enterprises every year should be carried out through the implementation of IT projects under the guidance of the overall informatization planning. Therefore, IT project management, accurate grasp of project requirements, clear project implementation plan, resources, objectives and budget, tracking project progress, grasping key points of project implementation, document management, communication and coordination of project implementation, and risk control of project implementation are the key links for CIO to enhance its prestige.