Meniere's disease is a kind of inner ear disease characterized by membranous labyrinthine hydrops, and it is a difficult disease. The main clinical manifestations of this disease are sudden dizziness, tinnitus, deafness or nystagmus, which is characterized by paroxysmal and recurrent, that is, dizziness has obvious paroxysmal and intermittent periods. Most of the patients are middle-aged, and there is no obvious gender difference. About 65% patients have their first onset before the age of 50, and most of them suffer from an ear disease.
Meniere's disease is a kind of inner ear disease characterized by membranous labyrinthine hydrops, and it is a difficult disease. The main clinical manifestations of this disease are sudden dizziness, tinnitus, deafness or nystagmus, which is characterized by paroxysmal and recurrent, that is, dizziness has obvious paroxysmal and intermittent periods. Most of the patients are middle-aged, and there is no obvious gender difference. About 65% patients have their first onset before the age of 50, and most of them suffer from an ear disease.
Symptoms of Meniere's disease vary from person to person. The main symptoms of the attack period are: sudden attack, which can occur at any time, even after falling asleep. The most common symptom is that when the patient opens his eyes, he feels that the house or the objects around him are spinning, and when he closes his eyes, he feels that his body is spinning. When the dizziness is severe, the patient may suddenly fall to the ground. During the attack, the symptoms will be aggravated when patients open their eyes or turn their heads, so most patients lie still with their eyes closed, and their heads and bodies are afraid to turn.
Most patients have single tinnitus and deafness at the time of attack, and a few patients have both. About 25% patients had tinnitus and deafness before the attack, but it worsened after the attack. The remaining 25% gradually developed tinnitus or deafness after the attack. Deafness is neurological, and tinnitus is aggravated when the attack is serious. During the attack, patients are often accompanied by a series of symptoms such as not daring to open their eyes, nausea, vomiting, pale face, sweating, and even diarrhea and hypotension.
Some patients have headaches; The average patient is conscious. There are two forms of transition from attack to intermission: one is that dizziness and its accompanying symptoms suddenly disappear, and the other is that dizziness gradually turns into dizziness and gradually subsides. Meniere's disease occurs at intervals ranging from several months to several years, and each attack is different in degree. However, with the increase of the number of attacks, hearing gradually declines, eventually leading to deafness.
Symptoms of Meniere's disease
Meniere's disease is an inner ear disease caused by endolymphatic hydrops. Its symptoms have three characteristics:
First, sudden dizziness, accompanied by pallor, nausea, vomiting and cold sweat, recovered quickly;
Second, tinnitus and ear blockage;
Third, fluctuating hearing loss, the more attacks. ......
Symptoms and treatment of Meniere's disease
common symptom
1. Vertigo is mostly sudden rotational vertigo. When starting the heel, I feel that the objects around me are rotating in a certain direction and plane, or shaking from side to side. The above symptoms are relieved when eyes are closed. Therefore, patients often lie still with their eyes closed in a certain posture and dare not turn over. Although he sometimes falls to the ground in horror, his consciousness is completely awake. Patients are often accompanied by nausea and vomiting, pallor, cold sweat and blood pressure drop. Relieve naturally after a few minutes or hours. The symptoms disappeared and turned into an intermittent period. The length of the intermission varies from person to person, from those who have only one episode in their life to those who have published the author many times.
2. Tinnitus ears are initially low-key hair-blowing tinnitus, and after a long time, they become high-profile persistent tinnitus. When vertigo attacks, tinnitus often suddenly increases, and the degree of tinnitus naturally decreases or disappears during the interval.
3. Deafness is involuntary in the early stage, and it is obvious after repeated vertigo attacks. Generally it is unilateral. Occasionally bilateral. Deafness is aggravated when vertigo attacks, and the intermittent period is improved, which is characterized by fluctuating hearing loss, and in severe cases, there is no fluctuation. The general trend of hearing impairment tends to get worse with the increase of the number of attacks.
4. During dizziness, some patients will feel full, heavy, oppressive or burning around their ears.
5. nystagmus When observing the patient's eyeball at the climax, you can generally see the involuntary tremor of fast and slow phases.
6. Hearing examination showed sensorineural deafness.
Commonly used Chinese patent medicines
This disease belongs to the category of ear vertigo in traditional Chinese medicine.
Commonly used western medicine
1. sedative diazepam 2.5-5mg or nimodipine10mg orally, three times a day.
2. The vasodilator nicotinic acid tablets 100 mg, taken orally three times a day. Or 10 mg of 654-2 tablets, taken orally three times a day.
3. Vitamins B 1, B6 and B 12,10-0/5mg each time, taken orally three times a day.
4. Dihydrogram 25 mg diuretic should be taken for three days a day. 2-3 weeks is 1 course of treatment. Use with caution in patients with hepatic and renal insufficiency.
Treatment:
1, stay in bed during the attack, eat a low-salt diet and drink less water.
2. Sedative: Diazepam can inhibit dizziness and vomiting during the attack.
3. Vasodilators.
Vitamin drugs: vitamin B 1, vitamin B6, vitamin E, etc. are taken orally.
5, diuretics.
6. Surgical treatment: For those who have frequent attacks, conservative treatment is ineffective, and dizziness affects their work and life, surgical treatment can be considered. Including endolymphatic sac incision, balloon incision, labyrinthine resection, transcranial middle fossa or posterior vestibular nerve resection, etc.
7. Traditional Chinese medicine has good curative effect, stable and ideal curative effect, no side effects, and it is not easy to relapse after cure.
Brief introduction of symptoms
Meniere's syndrome is a non-inflammatory disease characterized by labyrinthine hydrops in the inner eardrum.
The disease is a common disease, mostly in middle-aged people, mostly men and mental workers. 80-90% is unilateral. It is characterized by paroxysmal vertigo, fluctuating deafness and tinnitus. Most of them are sudden attacks, and patients feel that they are spinning or the surrounding objects are spinning. Patients often take a certain posture to close their eyes, dare not rotate, and sometimes fall to the ground because of fright, but they are conscious. Vertigo attacks are often accompanied by symptoms such as pallor, cold sweat, nausea, vomiting, and decreased blood pressure. After the attack, it can completely return to normal, and multiple attacks can leave deafness.
The etiology of this disease is generally considered to be related to autonomic nervous dysfunction. Traditional Chinese medicine believes that the occurrence of this disease is caused by emotional injury, stagnation of liver qi and inflammation of liver fire; Or it is caused by overwork, qi and blood injury, blood deficiency and wind disturbance.
Nursing methods:
1, calm down.
Patients should treat their diseases correctly, don't take an indifferent attitude, but don't worry and fear. Long-term anxiety and tension are more likely to aggravate the imbalance of autonomic nerve function, thus aggravating the patient's condition. On weekdays, patients should maintain an optimistic mood and a relaxed mood, and take part in more recreational activities as appropriate, and communicate with relatives, friends and colleagues to clear up their nervousness. The patient's bedroom should be clean and quiet, and the light should be slightly dim.
2. Pay attention to safety and prevent accidents.
The disease is a paroxysmal disease, which can occur suddenly without obvious inducement and omen. Therefore, patients should pay attention to safety in daily life and work, do not climb mountains, and do not ride bicycles near crowded roads and rivers and ponds. In addition, it is best for patients not to engage in jobs with strong sense of responsibility and prone to danger.
3, pay attention to diet aftercare
Generally speaking, patients' diet should be light and nutritious, and they can often eat fish, meat, eggs, vegetables, fruits and other foods, while greasy and spicy products (such as fat meat, cigarettes, wine, peppers, etc.). ) it is easy to help heat and consume gas, and it is not advisable to eat more. In addition, due to the particularity of the disease, patients are also required to eat a low-salt diet and pay attention to drinking less water.
4, strengthen exercise, enhance physical fitness
Patients should pay attention to strengthening exercise, formulate appropriate exercise plans according to their physical conditions, persevere and step by step, so as to achieve the purpose of strengthening physical fitness and improving disease resistance. Generally speaking, patients can choose running, walking, playing ball, sword dancing, Tai Ji Chuan and Qigong.
Patients should pay attention to the combination of work and rest, avoid fatigue, keep enough sleep, and avoid mood swings, worry, anger, tension, fear and anxiety. May cause dizziness, eat less, drink less, absolutely stay in bed when vertigo attacks, don't shake your head from side to side.
Meniere's disease is an inner ear disease with vertigo as the main symptom. The main pathological changes are the increase of lymph and pressure in the inner ear, and the reasons are unknown. Patients often have recurrent symptoms such as dizziness, nausea, vomiting, tinnitus and hearing loss. Because these symptoms were first described by French doctor Meniere's disease, they are called Meniere's disease.
Nursing points
◆ Nurses should take good care of any operation activities of patients during the onset, such as defecation and gargling, to prevent falls and injuries.
◆ Patients should try not to turn over to avoid dizziness.
◆ If dizziness persists and headache intensifies, go to the hospital for treatment.