I. Introduction
With the development of China's petrochemical industry, automobile industry, packaging industry and construction industry, the plastic industry has developed rapidly and has become a sunrise industry in China. In recent years, the annual output of plastic products has increased by more than 10%. It is predicted that by 2005, China's plastic output will reach 25 million tons, and the annual growth of plastic machinery driven by the plastic industry will be above 30%. According to incomplete statistics, the output value of plastic machinery industry in China in 2002 was about 654.38 billion yuan.
Plastic machinery has the largest production and sales volume, and the most widely used products are injection molding machines, extruder production lines and hollow blow molding machines, accounting for more than 85% of the output value, quantity and weight of domestic plastic machinery industry. In 2002, the market share of all kinds of hollow blow molding equipment was about 500 million yuan.
Second, domestic processing methods and applications of hollow products
The molding methods of hollow products include blow molding process and rotational molding process. At present, domestic hollow products are mainly blow molded.
According to the pattern of parison forming, blow molding can be divided into four types: extrusion blow molding, injection stretch blow molding, injection blow molding and extrusion blow molding.
1. Extrusion blow molding
The extrusion blow molding process is mainly that the raw materials are plasticized by an extruder and conveyed to a storage head (or a continuous head), the parison is extruded by the head, the parison is put into a mold to expand into a product, and then the product is cooled and taken out.
At present, the biggest consumption of hollow products in China is extrusion blow molding process. The main raw materials used are HDPE, PP, ABS, PC, etc. The main products are various chemical product packaging barrels, automobile fuel tanks, automobile ventilation pipe fittings, desktop boards and other industrial products. The most typical representative product of extrusion molding process is 200L double L-shaped ring tube. In extrusion molding, the most complicated process and technical difficulty is the forming of double L-shaped ring tube.
At present, domestic extrusion molding equipment (hollow machine for short) is mainly domestic equipment. Among the 20L ~ 1000L equipment, Shaanxi Qinchuan Machinery Development Co., Ltd. (hereinafter referred to as Qinchuan Development) has a market share of over 70%. Qinchuan occupies more than 80% of the market share in the equipment for producing 200L double L-ring barrels. In 2002, the domestic output of 200L double L-ring barrels exceeded 3 million pieces, consuming 300,000 tons of plastics. Qinchuan Development is the earliest manufacturer of extrusion hollow molding equipment in China. Is a heavy industrial enterprise that produces plastic machinery, gear grinder, machining center and other equipment. Has a strong R&D strength and mechanical manufacturing capacity, and has rich experience in hollow blow molding technology.
Extruded products manufacturers are mainly distributed in East China (Jiangsu, Zhejiang, Shanghai, Shandong), South China and North China. The main manufacturers are: Shanghai Pudong Lugong Plastic Container Co., Ltd., Shanghai Fanshun Industrial Company, Jiangsu Wujiang Chunxin Plastic Factory, Changzhou Transocean Plastic Container Co., Ltd., Dalian 13th Plastic Factory, Guangdong Nanhai Dongxing Canning Co., Ltd., etc.
2. Injection stretch blow molding
Injection stretch blow molding is biaxial stretch directional blow molding, which is a method of stretching the bottle blank axially by mechanical method and inflating the bottle blank radially by compressed air under the viscoelastic state of polymer. This molding method is characterized by the same axial and radial stretching ratio, which can improve the mechanical properties, permeability resistance and transparency of blow-molded containers and reduce the wall thickness of products. This is the process of the thinnest wall thickness in blow molding.
Injection stretch blow molding is mainly used to shape 0.2~20L round or oval containers, such as beverage bottles, pure water bottles and edible oil bottles. This product is widely used in the market, so it requires high production efficiency and good equipment reliability. The main raw materials used in injection stretch blow molding process are PET, PVC, PP, PEN and so on.
Injection-drawing-blowing process can be divided into full-automatic one-step method and full-automatic two-step method.
At present, the domestic market for producing PET bottles by injecting, drawing and blowing high-speed technology is huge, and the annual growth rate is also very large. PET bottle production equipment is mainly imported, and the domestic funds for introducing foreign PET equipment are at least 654.38+0.5 billion yuan per year. The equipment for producing PET thermos bottles is imported. Faced with such a huge market, domestic bottle blowing machine equipment manufacturers have done very little, and there is nothing they can do about PET beer bottles with huge market potential and worth producing by each hollow equipment.
Domestic enterprises specializing in the production of PET bottles mainly include: Zhuhai Zhongfu, Shanghai Zijiang, Wahaha, Huiyuan, Master Kong, Nongfu Spring and so on. And their equipment is imported.
3. Injection blow molding
There are three stations in the process of injection blow molding, each station is injection molding of bottle blank by injection molding machine, the second station is blow molding of bottle blank in blow mold, and the third station is product ejection. Similar to the extrusion blow molding process, the radial blow-up ratio of injection blow molding is large and the axial blow-up ratio is small.
Injection blow molding is suitable for all kinds of thermoplastic materials, such as PE, PP, PS, PVC, PC and so on. And can be used to form containers of various shapes. This product can replace glass bottles and is mainly used for packaging medicines, cosmetics, food, daily necessities and pesticides.
At present, the equipment used in the injection blow molding process is mainly automatic injection blow molding machine, and the main domestic manufacturers of this equipment are Shantou Jin Ming Plastic Equipment Co., Ltd. and Jiangsu David Company.
4. Multi-layer * * * extrusion hollow blow molding
Multilayer extrusion blow molding is widely used in the field of film blow molding. At present, more than 80% of packaging films in developed countries use multilayer extruded films. The main purpose of multi-layer extrusion blow molding is to improve the barrier of containers to CO2, O2 or gasoline. The process is that several different raw materials are extruded and blown into hollow products through a composite die. The main products are: high-grade automobile fuel tanks, packaging of highly toxic pesticides, etc. There are 2 ~ 6 floors.
Multi-layer blow molding is a high-end technology of hollow blow molding. At present, Shaanxi Qinchuan Machinery Development Co., Ltd. has successfully developed a hollow machine for producing six-story high-grade automobile fuel tanks. The maximum volume of the product is 500L, and three sets have been delivered to users. This equipment fills the gap in China, and its comprehensive technical index reaches or even exceeds that of similar equipment in Germany.
Layout of domestic hollow product processing enterprises;
Plastic processing enterprises in Guangdong, Shandong, Jiangsu, Zhejiang, Shanghai and other places are among the best in the country in terms of quantity and output. Plastic processing enterprises in five provinces and cities account for about 48% of the national total, and the output of plastic products accounts for 1/3 ~ 1/2 of the national total.
According to the statistics of National Plastic Processing Information Center in early 2000, domestic plastic container processing is mainly distributed in economically developed provinces such as East China and South China.
According to the Tenth Five-year Plan of China's Plastic Industry and the rules of 2005, it is estimated that the output of plastic products in China will increase by 65,438+00% from 2000 to 2005. According to the market forecast, by 2005, the output of plastic products for packaging will reach 5.5 million tons, accounting for 22% of the total output.
Third, the development of domestic hollow molding equipment
At present, there are more than 10 domestic enterprises producing hollow molding equipment, and the technical level is quite different. There are not many enterprises with comprehensive strength in R&D, such as manufacturing and technical services. Some hollow equipment manufacturing enterprises are weak in technical force, unable to thoroughly understand the plastic hollow molding process, the equipment and molds produced can not meet the requirements of users and raw material molding process, and the products produced are unqualified or can not stably produce qualified products.
Shaanxi Qinchuan Machinery Development Co., Ltd. is a hollow machinery manufacturer with the strongest R&D strength and the strongest mechanical manufacturing capability in China. Qinchuan Development began to develop hollow machines in the early 1980s, and now it has become the largest hollow machine manufacturing base in China. Qinchuan Development Technology Research Institute of Qinchuan Development Company is a national technology center with 15 research institutes. The Institute has established a postdoctoral mobile station and a national CIMS center. Among more than 200 researchers, there are two doctors and three professor-level senior engineers. The company's machinery manufacturing level is in a leading position in the machinery industry, with the advantages of precision machining, precision measurement and precision assembly, and has a number of patented technologies for plastic machinery.
After more than 20 years of development, the plastic machinery developed by Qinchuan has developed to the fifth generation. The fifth generation products are in the leading position in machinery, electricity and liquid, and at the same time reach or approach the international level in hollow molding technology and mold research. The mechanical aspect of the fifth generation products adopts patented extruder technology and optimized head technology; High-function PLC adopts foreign famous brands in electrical aspects; Hydraulic and pneumatic components adopt foreign famous brand products. Qinchuan is in a leading position in the research of automation control and molding process principle.
Main new products developed by Qinchuan Development in recent years:
1.SCJ230 hollow machine
SCJ230 hollow molding machine is mainly used to produce 200L double L-ring barrels. This product has passed the national appraisal on 1995, and won the scientific and technological progress award of the Ministry of Machinery on 1996. Nearly 40 sets have been sold to the market, blocking imports. The improved substitute product SCJ230A, which was put on the market in 2003, has higher reliability and higher production efficiency. The quality of the products produced can meet the requirements of various dangerous goods packaging, with high cost performance.
2.SCJC 500× 6 multilayer hollow machine
With the development of automobile industry technology and the continuous improvement of environmental protection and safety requirements in various countries, the sealing requirements of plastic fuel tanks in various countries are getting higher and higher. Qinchuan development aims at the research point of domestic high-grade automobile fuel tank, and takes the lead in developing six-layer plastic fuel tank production equipment SCJC500×6 multi-layer hollow machine in China, which fills the domestic blank and blocks the import, with excellent cost performance. The fuel tank produced conforms to European and Japanese standards and matches Mazda and Chery.
Compared with metal oil tanks, plastic oil tanks have the following advantages:
(1) The plastic fuel tank of the same specification is 40 ~ 500% lighter than the metal fuel tank;
(2) The plastic fuel tank has great freedom in shape, which can make maximum use of the effective space in the car, thus greatly improving the oil storage capacity of the car fuel tank.
(3) The development cycle of plastic fuel tank is shorter than that of metal fuel tank, and the cost is lower, which is convenient for the design, manufacture and modification of automobile.
(4) The plastic fuel tank has high safety and reliability, impact resistance, corrosion resistance and no explosion, which is incomparable to the metal fuel tank.
3.SCJ 70 AT hollow machine
Specially used to produce ventilation pipes, single-layer fuel tanks and water tanks on automobiles, with professional and modular design.
4.SCJ 1000 Hollow Machine
Used to produce 1000 cubic barrels, 1000× 1200mm trays, desktops and other large products. Its production efficiency is much higher than domestic similar equipment and close to German equipment.
5.SCJ 30× 2 double-station hollow machine
Mainly used for producing 15 ~ 30L chemical packaging barrels, used for packaging chemical products such as phosphoric acid and hydrofluoric acid. The production efficiency is 50% ~ 100% higher than that of single station, and two different products can be produced at two stations at the same time.
Fourth, the development trend of domestic hollow products
With the rapid development of automobile industry, packaging industry and the whole industry, plastic hollow products have developed into many varieties, diversification, specialization and large-scale, and the products have penetrated into many fields such as automobile, chemical industry, food, logistics, agriculture, fishery, stadiums, military and so on. Hollow products mainly have the following development trends:
1. Application in automobile industry
According to the Tenth Five-Year Plan of China Machinery Industry and the 20 10 Plan, by 2005 and 20 10, China's automobile output will reach 3 million and 4.6 million respectively. Due to the improvement of technology, the proportion of automotive plastics in China will gradually increase. By 2005, the usage of plastic parts for automobiles in China will basically reach 90kg// vehicle (currently, the usage of plastic parts for automobiles in developed countries is100 kg/vehicle), and the total demand of plastic parts for automobiles is estimated to be 350,000 tons, and it will reach 417,000 tons in 20 10.
Among the plastics used in automobiles, PE accounts for about 7%, which is mainly used for automobile fuel tanks, ventilation pipes, baffles and water tanks produced by blow molding process.
2. Logistics pallet
Drag plate is an indispensable consumable in the storage and transportation of modern logistics industry. At present, there are about 80 million pallets in China every year, of which 20 million pallets are used for port export. Trays are mainly made of wood, but also other materials, such as paper, plastic, metal, wood plastic and so on. The development speed of plastics is the fastest. Among these trays, the hollow blow-molded tray has the best strength and service life. At present, there are only three hollow pallet production lines in China, with an annual output of about 250,000. It can be seen that the hollow blow molding pallet has great market potential.
3.IBC packaging barrel
In recent years, IBC packaging barrels have developed rapidly abroad. The European market grows about 8 ~ 10% every year, and the American IBC packaging barrels grow rapidly, reaching about 20%. IBC barrel has the advantages of saving transportation space by more than 30%, low transportation cost and convenient hoisting, and it has also developed rapidly in China in recent years. This product mainly competes with 10L~20L ~ 20L chemical barrel market.
4. Large industrial products
Household hollow desktop, medical bed board, military floating box, stadium seat, etc. It has developed rapidly in East China and South China, opening up a new field for hollow products.
5. Plastic beer bottles
Glass beer bottles have good barrier, but they are fragile, explosive and easy to break. PET or PEN beer bottles developed by Sidel Company of Germany, ASB Company of Japan and Aoki Company of Japan have solved the problems of barrier and heat resistance. At home, some manufacturers have started production, which will be a huge market.
6. There is still a stable market for chemical packaging barrels.
With the development of chemical industry, the packaging market of 10L~20L ~ 20L chemical barrels still has a steady growth of 10% ~ 20% every year.
The above are collected and sorted by Zhong Da Consulting Company.
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