Papers and achievements can be equated. Academic papers are indeed one of the manifestations of scientific research achievements, but they are not the only ones. There are other manifestations of scientific research achievements, such as patents, topics and works.
scientific research achievements:
refers to the creative results obtained by a scientific researcher through a series of mental and physical labor such as experimental observation, investigation and comprehensive analysis within the research scope of a scientific and technological research project or topic he is engaged in, and confirmed to have academic significance and practical value through evaluation or appraisal.
it is the crystallization of the hard work of scientific and technological workers, and it is an important spiritual wealth and material wealth of mankind; It is a productive force with special significance, and it is also an important symbol to measure the completion of scientific research tasks, the quality and the contribution of scientific researchers.
Scientific research achievements should meet the following three conditions:
1. Scientific research achievements should be creative and advanced. Creativity means that there are new ideas in theory and new improvements in technology. The advanced nature should be improved in the technical value and level of the achievements.
2. Scientific research achievements must have social value (scientific value and initial economic value) and be recognized by the society. It must be practical, conform to scientific laws, have implementation conditions, meet social requirements, and have high economic value.
3. Scientific research achievements must undergo technical appraisal or review. Appraisal or evaluation should be carried out by peer experts. Only when it is considered qualified can it be counted as an achievement.
According to their nature, scientific and technological achievements can be divided into three types:
1. Basic theoretical achievements refer to new discoveries and theories obtained in the field of basic and applied research. Its achievements are mainly scientific papers, scientific works, basic models or invention patents.
2. "Applied technological achievements" refers to new technologies, new processes, new products, new materials, new equipment, new varieties of agriculture, biology, minerals and computer software obtained in the process of scientific research, technological development and application.
3. Soft scientific and technological achievements refer to the theories, methods and viewpoints obtained in the research of scientific and technological policies, scientific and technological management and scientific and technological activities, and their achievements mainly appear in the form of research reports.