The story of Edison's invention of electric light is very short. In order to invent the electric lamp, Edison made 1500 experiments, but failed to find a suitable material for electric lamp filament. Someone laughed at him and said, "Mr. Edison, you failed 1500 times." Edison replied, "No, I didn't fail. My achievement is that more than 1500 materials are not suitable for filament of electric lamps. "
1879 10 by chance, Edison tried to put a carbonized cotton thread into the light bulb. When the power is turned on, the light bulb glows golden and illuminates the whole laboratory. After 13 months of hard work, he tried more than 6,000 kinds of materials, more than 7,000 times, and finally made a breakthrough.
The story of Edison's invention of electric light (short point) Newton's law of motion is the general name of Newton's first law of motion, namely, the law of inertia/Newton's second law of motion and Newton's third law of motion, which was summarized by isaac newton in the17th century and published in Mathematical Principles of Natural Philosophy.
Problems in Newton's theory: Although Newton's description of gravity is very accurate for many practical applications, it also has several theoretical problems, which have been proved to be not completely correct. Theoretical problem: There is no indication that the propagation medium of gravity can be identified, and Newton himself is not satisfied with this unexplained distance effect (see the latter item "Limitations of Newton's Law"). Newton's theory needs to define that gravity can travel instantaneously. Therefore, the hypothesis of classical natural space-time view is given, which can also make the conservation of angular momentum observed by johannes kepler hold. However, this is directly related to Einstein's special theory of relativity.
Edison and his assistants tried platinum several times, but this kind of platinum with high melting point prolonged the light-emitting time of the electric lamp a lot, but it was still not ideal, because it would automatically turn off from time to time and then automatically emit light.
Undaunted, Edison continued his experimental work. He has tried rare metals such as barium, titanium and indium, and the results are not very satisfactory.
Next, he and his assistants began to test 1600 kinds of heat-resistant materials, and platinum was the most suitable one. Due to the improved air extraction method, the glass bubble is vacuum. The life of the lamp has been extended to two hours. But this kind of platinum lamp is too expensive. Who wants to spend so much money on a light that can only last for two hours?
Edison saw this scarf made of cotton yarn, and an idea suddenly appeared in Edison's mind:
Yes! Cotton yarn has better fibers than wood. Can you use this material?
He quickly tore off a cotton yarn from his scarf and carefully put this carbon filament into the glass bubble, which really worked well.
Edison was very happy. He made many carbon filaments made of cotton yarn and did many experiments. The life of the light bulb was extended by 13 hours, and then it reached 45 hours.
"I hope it can open 1000 hours, preferably 16000 hours!" Edison said.
Finally, Edison finally chose bamboo. He first took out a bamboo and put it in a glass bulb. After electrifying, the bamboo filament bulb lit continuously 1200 hours!
He finally made the electric light he was satisfied with.
Edison invented the electric light. While inventing the phonograph, Edison finally made a breakthrough in the research of electric light after numerous failures. 1879, 10 year1October 22nd, Edison lit the first electric lamp with wide practical value. In order to prolong the life of the filament, he tried more than 6,000 kinds of fiber materials and found a new luminous body-Japanese bamboo filament, which can last for more than 1000 hours and achieve the purpose of durability. To some extent, this invention is the pinnacle of Edison's life. Then, he created a power supply system, which made the distant lights distribute electricity from the central power station, which was a great technical achievement.
His first discovery in pure science appeared in 1883. When testing the electric lamp, he observed what he called the Edison effect: in a lighted bulb, charge travels through space from the hot filament to the cold plate. Edison applied for a patent for this discovery in 1884, but did not study it further. Scientists nearby developed the electronic industry, especially radio and television, by using the Edison effect.
Edison tried to do for his eyes what the phonograph did for his ears, and the movie camera was born here. Using a piece of celluloid film newly invented by George Heasman, he took a series of photos and projected them on the curtain quickly and continuously, creating the illusion of movement. He experimented with movies for the first time in the laboratories of 1889 and 189 1. 1903, his company produced the first feature film great train robbery. Edison did a lot of work for the establishment and standardization of the film industry.
After Edison moved his laboratory to West Orange in 1887, he founded many commercial companies, manufactured products and popularized his various inventions. These companies later merged into Edison General Electric Company, which was later called General Electric Company. Since then, his interests have turned to fluorescence, ore mashers, magnetic separation of iron, storage batteries and railway signaling devices.
During World War I, he developed a torpedo device, a flamethrower and an underwater periscope.
1929 10 2 1 On the 50th anniversary of the invention of electric light, people held a grand celebration for Edison, and famous scientists such as Albert Einstein of Germany (Federal Republic of Germany) and Madame Curie of France (born in Poland) congratulated him one after another. Unfortunately, at this celebration, Edison suddenly fainted because of excessive excitement during his defense. Since then, his health has gone from bad to worse 193 1 year1October 18 The scientist who made great contributions to mankind died of illness at the age of 84.
Edison's cultural level is extremely low, but his contribution to mankind is so great. What is the secret here? In addition to curiosity, he also has an instinct to experiment by himself, that is, he has unlimited energy and courage to work hard beyond ordinary people. When someone called Edison a "genius", he explained: "Genius is one percent inspiration and ninety-nine percent perspiration." He organized many people of different professions in the "invention factory", including more than 65,438+000 scientists, engineers, technicians and workers. Many of Edison's great inventions were achieved by collective strength. His achievements are mainly attributed to his diligence, creativity and collective strength. In addition, his wife also played a very important role.
Edison only attended primary school for three months in his life, and his knowledge came from his mother's teaching and self-study. His success should also be attributed to his mother's understanding and patient teaching since childhood, which made Edison, who was originally considered an imbecile, become a world-famous "king of invention" when he grew up.
According to statistics, about 1300 inventions in Edison's life were officially registered in the Patent Office. 188 1 is the highest recorded year of his invention. This year, he applied for filing 14 1 invention, and there was a new invention every three days on average.
The life of the great inventor Edison tells us that great achievements come from hard work.
As time goes by, Edison will not be forgotten. His life is glorious, and everything he has is for mankind. Edison made up his mind to make electric lights when he was a child. He saved his mother with wisdom, and there was still time for surgery.
Edison 188 1 began to live in new York in the winter of, and his time in Monroe park became shorter and shorter. His wife and children live in new york, and his hometown Menlo Park has become a summer resort. The Edison family spent several summers in Monroe Park.
1884, Edison was 37 years old. This year is a sad year for Edison. 1884 In the summer, Mary Edison contracted typhoid fever here, which is a dangerous disease. At first, I thought she just had a cold, so she should take some medicine. So Edison, who worked hard in new york, didn't go to see her. Mary's sister Alice and the doctors try their best to take care of her every day and stay by the bed all the time.
Soon, his wife's condition deteriorated and Edison didn't go to graduate school for several days. Edison was derided as a "workaholic". He seldom comes to the graduate school, so his colleagues are very worried. Mrs. Edison's hope of recovery was dashed, and Mary Edison died in the early morning of August 9, 1984. After the funeral ceremony was held in the house, the coffin was transported to a small station and sent to her childhood hometown of new york by train. The news of her death was released on August 16: The wife of the famous inventor Edison died suddenly in Monroe Park, New Jersey on Saturday, 9th of this month. /kloc-a funeral was held on the afternoon of 0/2, attended by more than 400 guests. These include Edison's manager Aidan, assistant managers Johnson, Laurie, De Navarro and Roosevelt. Clothes hangers send many flowers. She was buried in Kekuaile Mountain Cemetery in new york.
After Mrs. Edison died, she left him three young children: Dortmund, 6 years old; Thomas Alva Jr., 8 years old; William L., 6 years old. The death of his wife made him feel lonely as never before. However, he had to go on working. He can't stop working because of this. He rented his house to William and holzer, sent his children to new york and entrusted them to his grandmother Steve.
Monroe Park can only give the inventor sad memories, so he moved out all the parts, medicines and instruments and discarded them. A few years later, the old house was burned down by lightning, and the old light factory next to the Pennsylvania Railway was also burned down. After Edison moved out, farmers moved in.
The big room above the laboratory was rented out for a dance. L.m。 Hirsch made it the headquarters of his band and set up a stage at the back of the room. The first floor downstairs used to be a cowshed. The old building gradually fell apart, and the wood was demolished to build a nearby house, and finally it collapsed.
The east end of the brick machine factory was transformed into a storage room for storing sundries in Monroe Park Fire Department. The other end was once used as a cowshed. There is a farmer named Thomas J. McConnell who lives in that small glass room and keeps many pigs on that ranch. Later, a family named willcocks moved into the house in the former office and raised a lot of chickens in the house.
During the years between 1884 and 1885, Edison's life was lonely and monotonous. Mary didn't ask much of Tom when she was alive. She loves him and understands the importance of his career. Edison didn't have much time for family life, but Mary was always waiting for him. Edison is lonely and monotonous now. He may have apologized to her because he didn't spend too much time.
Edison began the experiment of transforming arc lamp in 1877, and put forward the idea of dividing current to turn arc lamp into white light. The experiment should reach a satisfactory level. It is necessary to find a substance that can burn to white heat as a filament, and can withstand high-temperature combustion of more than 2000 degrees 1000 hours. At the same time, the usage should be simple, can withstand the impact of daily use, and the price should be low. It is also necessary to turn on and off one lamp without affecting the turn-off of any other lamp and maintain the relative independence of each lamp. This was a very bold idea at that time, which required great efforts to explore and experiment. As for the materials used for silk, Edison first experimented with carbonized materials, and then experimented with platinum-iridium alloy with high melting point. He also made 1600 different experiments on fine ores and seedlings, and the results failed. But at this time, he and his assistants have made great progress, knowing that incandescent filament must be sealed in a glass ball with high vacuum and not easy to melt. In this way, his experiment returned to carbon wire. He used it day and night in the first half of 1880, but Edison's incandescent lamp experiment still had no result. One day, he tore a bamboo filament tied to the edge of a banana fan in the laboratory into filaments and devoted all his energy to carbonization. Only the carbonation experiments of plants have reached more than 6000 kinds. It's been three years since his experiment notebook has more than 200 books and more than 40,000 pages. He works eighteen or nine hours a day. At three or four o'clock every morning, he only sleeps under the experimental table with two or three books on his head. Sometimes he sleeps on the stool three or four times a day for only half an hour at a time.
By the first half of 1880, Edison's incandescent lamp experiment was still inconclusive, and even his assistants were discouraged. One day, he tore a bamboo filament tied to the edge of a banana fan in the laboratory into filaments and carbonized it into filaments. The result is better than all previous experiments. This is Edison's first incandescent electric lamp-bamboo filament electric lamp. This kind of bamboo filament lamp lasted for many years. It was not until 1908 that tungsten was invented as a filament to replace it. Edison began to develop alkaline batteries after this, which was very difficult, and his research spirit was even more amazing. This kind of battery is used to provide power. He and a selected assistant have studied hard for nearly ten years and experienced many hardships and failures. One moment he thought he had reached his destination, but the next he knew he was wrong. But Edison never wavered and started again. It took about 50,000 tests and 150 test notes to achieve the goal.
Reference: Edison studied hard all his life, was good at thinking and worked hard. At the age of 75, he even signs in for work in the laboratory on time every day. For decades, he worked almost ten hours a day and read books in his study for three to five hours at night. If you spend the average person's life time, his life has doubled. So, on his 79th birthday, Edison proudly told people that I was 135 years old. He lived to be 84 years old and made 1 100 inventions in his life, among which the greatest contribution was to invent the phonograph and the automatic telegraph, and to experiment and improve the incandescent lamp and telephone. Edison began to study electric light in his early twenties, which lasted for 10 years. He chose thousands of different substances, such as bamboo wool, graphite, tantalum and so on. As a filament material for experiments, this is well known. Once he and his assistants worked for five days and five nights in a row. 1879 Edison made incandescent filament with carbon filament and lit it for 40 hours. Because the surface of carbon wire is porous and fragile, its strength is very low. It was soon replaced by tungsten wire.