In particular, a problem refers to a problem. In sentences, interrogative words such as "who, what, how, how, where and how much" are often used as questions, and sometimes the modal particle "you" can be added at the end of the sentence to show emphasis. In particular, questioning requires specific answers to the questions raised by interrogative words, and you can't simply agree or disagree.
(1) After a hundred flowers blossom into honey, who will work hard for whom and who will be sweet? (Luo Yin's "Bees")
(2) What kind of society is the most ideal? (Tao Zhu's "Great Ideal")
Why did you come back so late today? (Lotus Lake in Sun Li)
(4) Third Sister, where's the kitten? (Zheng Zhenduo's cat)
Example (1)(2)(3) Use interrogative words "who", "what" and "how" to form specific questions. Example (4) is a shorthand for asking questions. There are no interrogative words in form, but there is the modal particle "Ne" at the end of the sentence. Ask where the kitten is and how it is. Not all sentences with interrogative words are interrogative. The question mark in Example (5) can be changed to a period or a comma, and the question mark in Example (6) can be an exclamation point.
*(5) The question now is what to do next? He has no definite answer to this.
*(6) Wang, Wang, how can this more than 2.8 million yuan be returned?
You can't use question marks in two places of a question. For example:
Who will give sincere advice to a worker who is usually despised?
This is a question, the first question mark should be changed to a comma, or the interrogative word "why" should be added before "sincerely advise a worker despised by others" to make it another question.
Second, it is used at the end of yes-no questions.
A yes-no question is a declarative sentence with interrogative tone or interrogative modal particles such as "ma" and "ba", which requires a positive or negative answer to the stated point of view. You can simply answer with "hmm", "yes", "no", "yes" and "no".
Is Li Youcai at home?
Is Li Youcai still at home? (Zhao Shuli's "Li Youcai Banhua")
(3) Do you really want to run a pharmaceutical factory? (Sha, Mayor Chen Yi)
(4) Sleep here? ("Lao Shan Street by Lu")
Example (1)(2) Use "ma" and "ba" to form a yes-no question. Using "horse" is a simple question of whether you are at home, and there are more doubts than letters. Use "ba" to indicate that you are probably at home, and believe more than doubt. Example (3)(4) There is no doubt about modal particles, and questions are asked in rising tone, and the questioning information is carried by intonation. When using falling tone yes-no questions, the interrogative information is carried by the interrogative modal particle "ma".
Third, it is used to choose the end of the question.
A multiple-choice question is to list two or more items, so that people can choose one of them to answer, and they can't answer with words that simply express agreement or disagreement. Sentences like "such as ... or ..." and "yes ... yes ..." are often used. Optional items are sometimes preceded by "yes" and followed by "what" to show emphasis, and sometimes not. Sometimes there is a pause between the two options, sometimes there is no pause. For example:
(1) Which came first, the chicken or the egg? (Basic Knowledge of Modern Science and Technology, edited by Song Jian)
(2) In recent years, Teacher Pan has a special feeling for Wang Xiang. Is this feeling love, pity or respect? (Li Xintian's "Never Forget")
(3) German reunification: happy or sad? (Reference message 1998.8. 12)
(4) Is it a tiger or a bug? (Press and Publication 1998.9.2)
(5) The sudden increase of pharmacies: Happy or worried? (Guangming Daily 1998.6.8)
Example (1) provides one of two options, and example (2) provides one of three options. There is a pause before the related word "or". Example (3) There is no pause before "or". Example (4)(5) is composed of "yes ... yes ... yes ... yes ... yes ... yes ... yes ... yes ... yes ... yes ... yes ... yes ... yes. For example:
(6) What is it that praises me? There are some good paintings. Or are you brave enough to draw anything? Or is it not a compliment at all, but a helpless comfort to the losers? Chronicle of Early Childhood Learning in Yu Shizhi)
(7) Is it beautiful? Is it art? Is it gold? (Chinese translation 1993/3)
The last three sentences of Example (6) consist of "yes", "or" and "or". The three questions in Example (7) have no related words, but are in a parallel relationship in form, forming a group of choice sentences through parataxis. The author has the freedom to choose whether to ask questions in the form of sentences or sentence groups. For example:
(8) "Photographing" or "Photographing" (structure 1996/6)
(9) taking pictures? Taking pictures? (Language Learning 1996/4)
(10) Is the Caspian Sea a sea or a lake? -The five littoral countries are arguing endlessly about oil resources (reference news 1998.8. 12).
(1 1) Is the Caspian Sea a lake or a sea? (People's Daily 1996 438+02.6)
(12) Is it the sea? Is this a lake? -The legal crux that restricts the oil development in Caspian Sea (Guangming Daily 1997+02.802).
Example (8) is a sentence, and example (9) is a sentence group. Example (10)( 1 1) is a sentence. There is a pause before "or" and there is no sentence, because "or" is used with the previous "just right". Example (12) is a sentence group.
Fourth, it is used at the end of repeated questions.
Repetitive questions, also known as positive and negative questions, are asked in a way that the affirmative and negative parts of the predicate overlap (S is not S), so that people can give positive or negative answers. Repeated questioning is considered as a special selective questioning, because it chooses an item from a right and a wrong. For example:
(1) Wang Zhanggui, do you want to tell more stories tonight? (Laoshe Teahouse)
(2) Do you think this garden has a little hometown flavor? (Xiao Gan's "Jujube Stone")
5. Used at the end of rhetorical questions
Asking questions is asking questions while knowing perfectly well, so as to attract people's attention to the problem. Answering questions is generally asking yourself and answering yourself. For example:
(1) Am I exaggerating on purpose? Don't! I think I told the objective facts to the letter. (Tang Tao's "Writers Should Refine Language")
But which of them cried the most? ? This Jiujiang official. My blue sleeves are wet. (Bai Juyi's Pipa Trip)
(3) Are we inferior to others in everything? No. (Song Longling "Talking about" Comparison ")
The above three examples are rhetorical questions composed of true and false questions, specific questions and rhetorical questions.
Used at the end of rhetorical questions
Rhetorical questions, also called rhetorical questions, express definite meaning in the form of questions. No matter whether it is rhetorical question or rhetorical question, there is no doubt that rhetorical questions are asked from the front and rhetorical questions are asked from the back. The tone is stronger than rhetorical questions. Rhetorical questions are questions in structure and intonation, but generally no answer is required. A rhetorical question consisting of specific questions, yes-no questions and optional questions, the answer has been included in the rhetorical question: the negative meaning is expressed in a positive form, and the positive meaning is expressed in a negative form.
(1) How should I know?
(2) Why didn't I know?
Don't talk nonsense, I'm fired? (Laoshe Teahouse)
(4) Isn't the pyramid still standing today the crystallization of slave labor and wisdom? (Primary school language "Pyramid of Egypt")
(5) Aren't those lotus leaves worthy of praise? Can they only appear as a foil in ancient poems? (Zheng "Lotus Leaf Fu")
(6) Am I a relative, a friend, or do I owe you? (Cao Yu's Sunrise)
Example (1)(2) refers to problems, example (3)(4) refers to yes or no problems, example (1)(3) refers to negative meanings, and example (2)(4) refers to negative meanings. Example (5) Whether two sentences are true or false, one is negative and the other is positive. Example (6) is a multiple-choice question, and all three options are positive negation, that is, none.
The rhetorical question composed of repeated questions, whether the meaning expressed is affirmative or negative, depends on the context. For example:
(7) Do you think this is sad? (Zhao Shuli "Registration")
(8) If the car is made like this, will people still ride it? (800 words in modern Chinese)
Example (7) means "sad" and example (8) means "not riding".
At the end of imperative sentences in interrogative sentences
(1) Do you agree or disagree? (800 words in modern Chinese)
(2) How many days does it take to go back and forth? (Modern Chinese edited by Modern Chinese Teaching and Research Section of Chinese Department of Peking University)
This kind of sentence is imperative, not interrogative. There are modal particles "ba" at the end, omitting "you say" and "you say quickly", which means urging the other party to answer quickly. Because imperative mood is expressed in the form of a question and asks for an answer, a question mark should be used at the end of the sentence.
Eight, used at the end of interrogative sentences composed of interjections.
(1) "Huh?" Lao Yang's eyebrows twisted into a knot. (Xu Guangxing's "Gun")
(2) Oh? What time? (lev tolstoy's The Poor)
9. Express interrogative tone, and don't stop at the end of the sentence.
Interrogative questions are quoted as components of larger sentences, and question marks can be retained. If this question does not appear at the end of the sentence but in the sentence, the question mark it retains only indicates the interrogative tone, not the pause at the end of the sentence. If it appears at the end of the sentence, keeping the question mark also means that the sentence stops at the end. For example:
(1) said, "Are you going?" It conforms to the organizational rules of Chinese, and all Chinese speakers can understand it, but there can be no "Are you going?" Or "Are you going?" Something like that (Chen Wangdao's Grammatical Theory)
(2) Today's topic is "How to learn grammar?" To answer this question, we must first answer "Who studies grammar?" "Why do you want to learn grammar?" Even "Do you want to learn grammar?" Such a series of questions. Lv Shuxiang, how to learn grammar? 》)
Example (1) "Are you going?" "Are you going?" "Are you going?" Another example (2) "Who studies grammar?" "Why do you want to learn grammar?" "Do you want to learn grammar?" It appears as a sentence component, and the question mark with it only indicates the interrogative tone, not the pause at the end of the sentence. Example (2) The first sentence "How to learn grammar?" As an object, it is also a sentence component, because it appears at the end of the sentence, and there are question marks and pauses at the end of the sentence.
Express doubt or uncertainty
A question mark indicates doubt or uncertainty about a certain data, sentence, word, etc. , so it does not indicate tone and pause when using. For example:
(1) Mr. Heyrovsk, Jaroslav is ending his study of materialists (? ? ), another attempt to distort the facts and reverse right and wrong. (Lenin, "What is a" friend of the people "and how do they attack the Social Democratic Party? 》)
(2) Author Ma Zhiyuan (1250? -1321), mostly from Beijing, was a drama writer and essayist in Yuan Dynasty. (junior high school textbook "Chinese")
(3) refers to the author (editor? School? ) Still can't make up our minds? (Lv Shuxiang's "Discussion on typos")
Atoll atoll [Maldivian]
The question mark of example (1) doubts whether it can be called "criticism", indicating negation. The question mark in Example (2) indicates that the year of birth "1250" is uncertain. The question mark in example (3) indicates that it may also be editing or proofreading, which is not sure. The question mark in Example (4) indicates that the etymology is uncertain or unconfirmed.
Eleven, overlapping question marks emphasize the tone.
The question mark is rarely used repeatedly, and it has a strong emotional color when used repeatedly. For example:
(1) Who started this war? Predators, British and German predators. (Lenin's speech at the mass meeting in Rogozi District)
(2) this is not shameless? Lenin, can the Bolsheviks maintain state power? 》)
Question marks are used in these two sentences to strengthen the tone of doubt and express the author's anger.