1. The ability of basic research and cutting-edge technological innovation has been significantly enhanced. In the past five years, China has made a number of major original innovations in the field of basic research. The total number of international papers has risen to the fourth place in the world, accounting for 7% of the total number of papers in the three major international paper retrieval systems (SCI, EI, ISTP), and has entered the second phalanx of the world, which is equivalent to that of Britain, Germany and Japan. The number of nano-scientific papers ranks first in the world, and the number of engineering scientific papers ranks second in the world. The frontier technology field has broken through a number of core technologies, and the gap with the world advanced level has been narrowing. The research on cutting-edge technologies such as nonlinear optical crystals, quantum information communication, ultra-intense and ultra-short lasers, and high-temperature superconductivity ranks at the world's leading level, and a number of major achievements of independent innovation have emerged, such as manned space flight, super hybrid rice, high-performance computers, ultra-large-scale integrated circuits, and the third-generation international standards for mobile communication.
2. Industrial technological innovation has made breakthroughs in many aspects. In recent years, China's basic industries, processing and manufacturing industries and emerging industries have greatly improved their technological innovation capabilities, and major technological innovations in the fields of petroleum, steel, shipbuilding, electronic information, advanced equipment manufacturing and biotechnology have emerged, and the overall technical quality of the industry has reached a new level. The independent development capability, complete set level and comprehensive engineering capability of major technical equipment have been significantly improved, which has strongly supported the construction of major national projects such as the Three Gorges Project, the West-to-East Power Transmission Project, the South-to-North Water Transfer Project and the Qinghai-Tibet Railway.
3. Science and technology have entered thousands of households and benefited hundreds of millions of people. In recent years, the China Municipal Government has attached great importance to solving people's livelihood problems and developing social undertakings. Scientific and technological progress has provided strong support for population health, energy conservation and emission reduction, climate change, disaster prevention and mitigation, and public safety. The planting and application of hybrid rice and the implementation of high-yield scientific and technological projects have provided important support for solving food security. In the field of energy, a number of key technologies such as oil exploration, complete sets of equipment for large-scale coal liquefaction projects, large-scale hydropower equipment and advanced nuclear power have been broken, and a number of key technologies of new energy such as fuel cells, wind energy and biomass energy have been overcome, laying a foundation for adjusting the energy structure and ensuring energy security. Important progress has been made in the prevention and control technology of major diseases and major infectious diseases such as AIDS, viral hepatitis, SARS virus and highly pathogenic avian influenza. A number of new drugs have been successfully created and Chinese medicine has developed, which has provided an important guarantee for improving people's health.
4. The output level of intellectual property rights has been greatly improved. In the past five years, the number of invention patent applications and authorizations in China has continued to grow rapidly, and the ability to create intellectual property rights has been further enhanced. From 2002 to 2006, the number of domestic invention patent applications increased from 39,700 to1220,000, and the number of domestic invention patents granted from 0. 58 million to 25 thousand. With the establishment and gradual improvement of China's intellectual property system, the number of domestic and foreign invention patent applications accepted by China Patent Office has increased year by year. In 2006, the total number of invention patent applications in China reached 2 1 10,000, ranking fourth in the world.
5. The scale of high-tech industries continues to grow at a high speed. In the past five years, the average growth rate of high-tech industries has reached 27.0%, which is 6.5 percentage points higher than that during the Ninth Five-Year Plan period. The proportion of total output value of high-tech industries in manufacturing industry increased from 14.5% to 16%. In 2006, the total industrial output value of high-tech industrial enterprises above designated size was 4132.2 billion yuan, 2.7 times that of 2002; The total import and export volume of high-tech products reached $528.8 billion, 3.5 times that of 2002. The trade structure has been optimized and the competitiveness of the international market has been continuously enhanced.
6. National Hi-tech Industrial Development Zone has become an important base for scientific and technological innovation and an important engine for regional economic development. In 2006, the total income and output value of the national high-tech industrial development zone reached 4.3 trillion and 3.6 trillion respectively; Half of the country's high-tech enterprises and technology business incubators are gathered, and R&D investment accounts for1/3 of the country; Enterprises in the region have 32,600 invention patents; The industrial added value created by enterprises in the area reached 852.05 billion yuan, accounting for 9.4% of the national industrial added value. In the first half of 2007, the national high-tech zone achieved a total operating income of 258,965,438+800 million yuan, a total industrial output value of 265,438+873 million yuan, an industrial added value of 50,265,438+600 million yuan, and foreign exchange earned by export of 96.7 billion US dollars.
7. The scale and intensity of investment in science and technology continued to increase. In 2006, the total expenditure on science and technology in the whole society was 450 billion yuan, and the total expenditure on research and development in the whole society was 3003.438 billion yuan, ranking fifth in the world. The intensity of R&D investment is constantly improving, and the proportion of R&D expenditure in GDP is 1.42%. In the past five years, the national financial investment in science and technology has maintained an average annual growth of 17%, of which the central financial allocation for science and technology reached100097 billion yuan in 2006, an increase of 25.0% over the previous year.
8. China has become a big country in science and technology human resources in the world. In 2005, China's total scientific and technological human resources was about 35 million, ranking 1 in the world. In 2006, the number of full-time R&D personnel in China reached 6.5438+0.5 million/year; A dynamic team of young and middle-aged scientific and technological talents is growing rapidly, with young and middle-aged researchers under 45 accounting for 80% of the total number of researchers; The total number of students in colleges and universities has reached 23 million, which is the country that has trained the most scientific and technological talents in the world.
9. Significant progress has been made in the construction of the national innovation system. With the deepening of scientific and technological system reform, the dominant position of enterprises in technological innovation is gradually enhanced, and the backbone and leading role of universities and scientific research institutions in technological innovation is further exerted. In 2006, the total R&D expenditure of Chinese enterprises reached 213.45 billion yuan, accounting for 7 1. 1% of the total R&D expenditure of the whole society, and significant technological achievements in enterprise development emerged continuously. Private scientific and technological enterprises have grown from more than 7,000 20 years ago to 65,438+500,000 in 2006. There are 227,000 R&D personnel in colleges and universities, and a number of major innovations have been made, such as the leading genes of human cell aging, the next generation Internet demonstration project, and the silkworm genome. The innovation ability of research institutes has been significantly improved, the market-oriented innovation ability of applied development research institutes has been strengthened, and the innovation ability of public welfare research institutes has been further enhanced. The knowledge innovation project of the Chinese Academy of Sciences has achieved a number of major innovations and has become an important force in the construction of the national innovation system.
10. The breadth and depth of international scientific and technological cooperation have been further expanded. At present, China has established scientific and technological cooperation relations with 152 countries and regions, signed 102 intergovernmental scientific and technological cooperation agreements with 96 countries, and signed more than 1000 inter-departmental scientific and technological cooperation agreements, thus forming a relatively complete framework for bilateral and multilateral international scientific and technological cooperation among governments. China has actively utilized international scientific and technological resources and participated in major international scientific projects such as ITER, Galileo global satellite navigation, international Earth observation, earth space double-star exploration, protein Group of human liver, and international scientific and technological cooperation of traditional Chinese medicine. The channels for China scientists and scientific and technological personnel to participate in international scientific and technological cooperation have been further broadened, and personnel exchanges and cooperation have become closer and more convenient, with more flexible and diverse ways. So far, China has participated in about 350 international scientific and technological organizations, and 206 scientists have held leadership positions at all levels in international scientific and technological organizations.