How to make public comments on published American patent applications?

I. Types of American Patents American patents include three different types of patents: invention patents, design patents and plant patents. The United States Patent and Trademark Office (USPTO) issues the following three kinds of patent certificates: 1, Utilitypatent: a method, a machine, a combination of products or things, or a new and useful improvement can all be patented according to the terms and conditions stipulated in this law. 2.patentfordesign: anyone who creates a novel, original and decorative product design may obtain a patent in accordance with the provisions and requirements of this law. 3.Patentforplant: Anyone who invents, discovers and asexually propagates any special and new plant species, including changes, varieties, hybrids and newly discovered plant seedlings in cultivation, can obtain a patent in accordance with the provisions of this Law, but does not include plants propagated by tubers or plants found in an uncultivated state. 4. The temporary application must be converted into a formal application within one year: only the specification and drawings are submitted, and it must be converted into a formal patent application within one year, or a new formal application is filed with the temporary application as the priority. Enjoy the filing date of the temporary application. Since the patent period of the temporary application will be 20 years from the filing date of the temporary application, most applicants will not choose to directly convert the temporary application into an ordinary application. Note: In the United States, there is no patent protection for new inventions. Second, the United States patent system and protection period 1. The principle of first invention in the special patent system of American patent application: the so-called principle of first invention refers to granting the patent right of the same invention to the person who made the invention first. Completely different from the principle of first application, the principle of first application stipulates that the same invention-creation patent right is granted to the first applicant (natural person or legal person). Enterprises in China must pay attention to this. We can't count the research team leader and laboratory assistant as inventors. Only those who really put forward innovative ideas and really control experiments can become patent applicants. If we can't disclose who the real inventor is, competitors can reject the patent only by this article. Small entity system: American patent system adopts small entity system. If the applicant is an independent inventor, a non-profit organization or a small and medium-sized enterprise with less than 500 employees, the patent fee of the US Patent Office will be halved, and the application fee of a small entity using electronic application can be further halved. Unique classification system: another major feature of the American patent system is that it basically does not use international patent classification, but always uses its own patent classification. Even though it is bound by international agreements, USPTO only converts American classification number into IPC classification through computer system, and marks it on the first page of its patent literature. Novelty requirements (the principle of first invention and the principle of one-year preferential period): an invention loses its novelty when it is patented in the United States or other countries or publicly used or sold in the United States for more than one year; On the other hand, if it is less than one year, it still has the novelty of applying for a patent. Comprehensive examination system: because the United States implements a comprehensive examination system, there is no need to submit a substantive examination request when applying for a US patent. Re-issue the patent: within the scope of the original application, expand the scope of the claim within 2 years from the date of the first announcement; Or after the announcement, within the validity period of the patent, correct the mistakes and make a new announcement. 2. Examination system for invention patents and plant patents and protection period 1) Examination system The application for invention patents in the United States is made public 18 months from the filing date or priority date, and the novelty examination and complete substantive examination system generally automatically enter substantive examination. The earliest notice of review opinions is 1.5 years from the date of application, and the review period is about 2.5-3 years. General invention patents are granted in about 3-5 years. 2) Duration of protection: The duration of protection for invention patents and plant patents is 20 years, counting from the date of application. After the invention patent is granted, the time limit for paying the maintenance fee is: the annual fee or maintenance fee must be paid in the third and a half years, the seventh and a half years and 1 1 year and a half from the date of grant, otherwise the patent right will be invalid. After the plant patent is granted, there is no need to pay maintenance fee or annual fee. In addition, for an application for a patent for invention, the US Patent and Trademark Office will appropriately adjust the patent protection period according to the delay time of the Patent and Trademark Office or the inventor. For example, due to the delay of the Patent and Trademark Office, the patent application is not approved within three years, and the Patent and Trademark Office will increase the patent term by more than three years. 3. Duration of Protection and Examination System of Design Patents The patent system for design in the United States protects some designs, and its scope of protection covers not only the products embodied in the design application documents themselves, but also many embodiments with some designs as design points. The design adopts the substantive examination system, and the general authorization is 1- 1.5 years. The protection period of appearance patent is 14 years, counting from the date of authorization, and there is no need to pay maintenance fee or annual fee after authorization. 3. Ways to apply for invention patent and required documents: including Paris Convention way and Patent Cooperation Treaty way (PCT for short). 1. Paris convention method: after filing an application in China, you can enjoy priority treatment from the first prior patent application date (i.e. priority date) before the expiration of 12 months, and you need to submit a priority certificate. Documents and materials required for application: 1) Application documents: including specification, claims, drawings of specification, abstract and abstract drawings; 2) Application information: Chinese and English names, addresses and postal codes of the applicant and inventor, country of application, contact person, etc. 3) Where the priority is claimed, the acceptance notice of the earlier application and the priority certificate of the earlier application shall be provided (the priority certificate can be submitted at the same time as the application or within 16 months from the priority date); 4) Small entity statement (if the applicant is an individual, or a small and medium-sized enterprise with less than 500 employees, or a non-profit organization); 5) affidavit and power of attorney. 2. Patent Cooperation Treaty (PCT) approach: PCT is the English abbreviation of Patent Cooperation Treaty, which is an international treaty related to patent application. According to the provisions of the PCT, the applicant can submit an international application through the PCT channel and designate to apply for a patent in almost all countries in the world, that is, to file a PCT international application in China National Intellectual Property Administration, China within 12 months from the filing date (priority date) of the earlier application in China, and to file an entry application in USPTO within 30 months from the priority date. Documents required for application: 1) Original application documents and PCT request or published PCT application brochure; 2) International search report; 3) Claims amended according to Article 19 of the Patent Cooperation Treaty (if any); 4) International preliminary examination report and application documents modified according to Article 34 of the Patent Cooperation Treaty (if any); 5) Small entity statement (if the applicant is an individual, or a small and medium-sized enterprise with less than 500 employees, or a non-profit organization); 6) affidavit and power of attorney. 4. Ways to apply for a patent for appearance and required documents: including the Paris Convention way and the direct application way to the United States. Paris Convention: After filing an application in China and before the expiration of 6 months from the date of the first prior patent application (i.e. the priority date), you can enjoy the priority treatment and need to submit the priority certificate. Materials to be prepared and information provided: 1) Application information: Chinese and English names, addresses and postcodes of the applicant and inventor, country of application, contact person, etc. 2) Pictures or photos of design: The applicant shall submit a three-dimensional view (expanded view) and a six-sided view (front view, back view, left view, right view, top view and bottom view), and the dimensions of the six-sided view must be consistent. If necessary, you can submit reference views. 3) Brief description of the design; 4) Where priority is claimed, the notice of acceptance of the earlier application and the priority certificate of the earlier application shall also be provided. 5) Small entity statement (if the applicant is an individual, or a small and medium-sized enterprise with less than 500 employees, or a non-profit organization); 6) affidavit and power of attorney.