Research on the Implementation of Mental Health Education in Physical Education Teaching in Colleges and Universities
[Foreword]
The frequency, scope and extent of psychological problems among college students are accelerating. Some data show: "In the mid-1980s, 23% to 25% of college students in my country had psychological disorders. In the 1990s, it rose to 25%. In recent years, it has reached 30%. The number of people with psychological disorders is still increasing." [1] We have to pay more attention to the mental health problems of college students. Ren Changshun pointed out in "Investigation and Research on the Impact of Different Sports on the Mental Health Level of College Students" that "the college period is a critical period for the formation of good psychological habits of college students and their gradual psychological maturity. In recent years, with the changes in modern people's understanding of health, relevant The mental health problems of college students are also receiving more and more widespread attention. The college period is also the period of greatest psychological changes in a person's life. They have to deal with not only the psychological problems caused by physiological changes, but also the psychological conflicts caused by changes in the social environment. Being in complex psychological contradictions, one will inevitably encounter a variety of mental health problems” [2]. Zeng Siqing mentioned in "Methods to Cultivate Students' Mental Health in College Physical Education Teaching" that "the most important treatment method for mental illness is behavioral therapy" [3], while Liu Weiping and Li Pingping believe that physical education teaching has unique advantages in this aspect. , "In cultural classes where thinking activities are the main activity, since students' psychological thoughts and external behaviors are not suitable for expression, the implementation of mental health education in the classroom is mostly based on rational preaching, and the level of student participation is only at a low level. In the passive identification activity stage, it is difficult to implement targeted and timely education to improve their mental health. In contrast, sports practice classes are group, competitive, difficult, entertaining, and liberating. , explicitness and other characteristics, it can be regarded as a microcosm of social activities, or a gamification of social activity simulation. People immersed in sports practice class activities will feel rich and varied stimulation, and will also experience almost It has exactly the same mental suffering and psychological conflict as social activities. Therefore, it is easier to effectively combine the cultivation of students' mental health awareness and mental health behaviors, so that students can integrate mental health education into the process of classroom physical activities. Actively strengthen the subject's participation, fully experience, comprehend, and internalize it, and then apply it to practice to directly accept the test of practice." [4] Precisely because of the advantages of physical education in this regard, more and more experts and scholars are paying attention to the positive impact of sports on mental health education. This topic mainly starts from the usual classroom teaching, studying the positive impact that sports itself will have on mental health, the different impacts of various teaching methods on students' psychology, and the evaluation of mental health education, so that physical education teachers can use physical education in the classroom Penetrating and implementing mental health education in the teaching process is more operational and feasible, thereby promoting the formation of healthy psychology among college students and reducing the occurrence of psychological problems.
[Topic]
The college stage is the last period when people receive systematic school education, and it is also the last stage before people enter society. Most students live and study alone without their parents. Among them are worries from daily life, relationship conflicts with classmates, difficulties and setbacks in learning, and employment pressure arising from graduating and entering the society. Therefore, , Gao Danna proposed in "How to Improve the Mental Health of College Students in Physical Education Teaching in Colleges" that this stage "is the period of greatest psychological change in a person's life" [5]; at the same time, we also have to deal with the psychological problems caused by physiological changes, so we are often in a In the midst of intricate psychological contradictions. It is inevitable to encounter a variety of mental health problems.
1. Sports itself will have a positive impact on mental health.
The most important treatment for mental illness is behavioral therapy. In the study "Physical Education and Mental Health Education", Yu Yong showed that sports have a huge effect in promoting mental health due to their own characteristics.
“1. Physical exercise can promote the improvement of cognitive ability
Every sport in physical exercise requires athletes to make quick and accurate judgments and perceptions of external things. Thereby quickly coordinating one's body to ensure the completion of movements. Engaging in long-term exercise can promote the development of people's perceptual abilities, improve people's reaction speed and perceptual judgment ability, and make people become agile and flexible.
2. Physical exercise can bring good emotional experience
Physical exercise can bring smooth emotional experience. This is an ideal internal emotional experience state. In this state, People can devote themselves selflessly to sports and generate direct interest and enjoyment from the activity process itself. This is an emotional state that cannot be produced in learning, working, and communication. Research shows that vigorous exercise can reduce the emotional burden on people and can even reduce the psychological burden caused by accidental events of mental stress.
3. Physical exercise can strengthen "self-concept" and have a positive impact on self-esteem
"Self-concept' is the sum of an individual's subjective views and feelings about himself. Self-concept is Relatively stable, it plays a large role in the formation of personality that adapts to society. Numerous studies have shown that physical exercise can significantly improve self-concept clarity, muscle strength, emotional stability and extroversion. There is a positive correlation, and the self-concept of individuals is significantly enhanced through strength training.
4. Physical exercise can coordinate interpersonal relationships.
With the development of society and the acceleration of the pace of life, many people feel that There is an increasing lack of appropriate social contact and interpersonal communication. Sports activities are a good form of increasing contact between people. In the activities, people can exercise together, compete with each other, unite, cooperate, and communicate with each other, which can make people more and more active. Individuals forget about worries and fatigue, eliminate loneliness, experience physical and mental comfort, and produce a good emotional state.
5. Physical activities can reduce stress reactions and eliminate fatigue
Stress. It refers to an individual's response to a stressor or stimulus. Exercise causes the human brain to release endorphins, a naturally synthesized tranquilizer. When it works, endorphins have the ability to block stress-related chemical reactions in the brain. Effect. Some studies have shown that physical exercise can improve physiological functions such as maximum oxygen uptake and maximum muscle strength, which can reduce the occurrence of fatigue.
6. Physical exercise can prevent and treat psychological diseases
p>Anxiety and depression are some of the most common emotional distress encountered by students. A 1990 study by Norther and others showed that both one-time activities and long-term physical exercise can effectively reduce depression; physical exercise can both It can reduce both trait depression and state depression. Physical exercise can reduce depression in both normal people and mental patients. Aerobic exercise (low intensity, long time) and anaerobic exercise (high intensity, short time) time) can reduce depression; the combination of physical exercise and psychological therapy can more effectively reduce depression." [6]
The teaching process is purposeful and planned. It can excavate materials with mental health education according to the specific teaching content, so as to "improve and mediate the spirit of college students" with the purpose Condition, so that they can adapt to the heavy study life and pressure from all sides, establish positive ideological and will qualities, cultivate students' healthy personality of self-improvement, self-reliance, self-esteem, and self-love, and lay a solid foundation for success in society. Secondly, sports activities. It is carried out in a certain social environment, and there are always interactions and connections with the crowd. During the activities, you must work hard to control and restrain your inner conflicts, which is helpful for cultivating and harmonizing interpersonal relationships, expanding social interactions, and observing fair and ethical life. It plays a positive impact on the basic moral code of conduct in the country." [7] At the same time, through different physical activity contents, teaching methods and means during the teaching process, psychological conflicts can be alleviated, various psychological problems such as depression and anxiety can be eliminated, psychological conditions can be adjusted, and psychological balance can be maintained.
2. Methods of mental health education in physical education.
1. Different teaching contents will produce different psychological education effects. “Athletics cultivates students’ good psychological qualities such as bravery, perseverance, decisiveness, perseverance, enterprising spirit, pioneering spirit, hard work and other good psychological qualities.” [8]; “In ball game teaching, the spirit of collectivism is promoted to achieve victory. Not being arrogant, not discouraged by defeat, and working hard can cultivate good psychological qualities of caring for others and caring for the collective. "[9] "Tai Chi particularly emphasizes the practice of 'confidant' skills and the stages of 'seeing familiarity' and 'understanding strength'. It is also the stage of "confidant". Through the training of "confidant" Kung Fu, Tai Chi exercisers can significantly improve their understanding of "self" and the improvement of their self-concept and self-esteem is very conducive to the cultivation of a sound personality.
"[10]; "Swimming, skating, vaulting and parallel bars are both performance-style and challenging events, which require students to constantly overcome their fear of falling and taking risks, to overcome difficulties and overcome obstacles" [11 ]; "Sports dance can enhance interpersonal communication and friendship, meet people's spiritual needs, improve response ability, adaptability and self-expression ability, and enhance self-confidence" [12]; "Aerobics and rhythmic gymnastics classes are a way for people to exchange ideas. , one of the best forms to pass emotions, eliminate barriers and communicate with each other. Accompanied by beautiful music, people's self-enclosed consciousness is completely released here. The harmonious, harmonious and elegant atmosphere in the activities can also enhance people's communication and interaction. "Consciousness and desire". [13] Liu Weimin and Li Ping also believe in the "Outline of Implementing Mental Health Education in Physical Education Teaching": "In physical education, the sports characteristics of different sports can be used to teach students in accordance with their aptitude. For example, students who are introverted, not good at communicating, and unsociable can be allowed to participate in group activities such as football, basketball, volleyball, relay running, tug-of-war, etc., and more motivational methods can be used to provide opportunities to speak and practice. Change the withdrawn personality, gradually adapt to interacting with peers, and form a gregarious mentality; for those students who are hesitant and not decisive enough, they can be allowed to participate in more responsive activities such as table tennis, tennis, badminton, hurdle running, and fencing. activities, and put forward strict requirements in practice to cultivate their strong will, decisiveness and perseverance; for those students who are less timid, afraid of risks and embarrassed, they can be allowed to participate in more swimming, skating, skiing, etc. Boxing, wrestling, balance beam and other adventurous activities can cultivate their spirit of bravery and fearlessness in overcoming obstacles; for those students who are prone to impatience and impulsiveness, they can participate in more chess, Tai Chi, jogging, hiking, swimming, and cycling. Cycling, shooting and other long-lasting endurance activities can cultivate their self-control ability and change the characteristics of being impatient and impulsive; students who lack confidence in doing things can be allowed to participate in simple activities such as rope skipping, push-ups, radio exercises, and running. , so that they can easily see their progress, and timely affirm their progress, improve their sense of achievement, thereby increasing their self-confidence; for those students who are conceited and love to be innovative, they can be allowed to participate in more diving, gymnastics, marathon, and rhythmic gymnastics and other more difficult activities, or let them compete with opponents who are higher than themselves to change their pride; for those students who are easily nervous when things happen, let them participate in more intense and intense activities such as football, basketball, volleyball, etc. competition activities, so that they can exercise their psychological qualities of calmness and calm thinking in fierce practice and competition." [14]
2. There are studies on the impact of different teaching methods on mental health. Xiong Yahong and others believe in "Discussion on the Mental Health Status of College Students and Physical Education Teaching Model":
"1) Small group mutual aid learning method, which strengthens the sense of responsibility, creativity, and collaboration. , The cultivation of competitive awareness has greatly promoted the establishment of good interpersonal relationships among students;
2) Simulation training and idea training methods can improve students' self-control ability, enhance self-confidence, and improve Psychological adaptation and adjustment ability;
3), create situational method, which can stimulate students' interests and emotions, enable them to gain positive feelings and understanding, generate positive inner experiences, and ultimately internalize them into beliefs. Knowledge structure, cultivate good ideological quality;
4), process heuristic teaching method, which fundamentally solves how to make students learn
5), adjustment method, it It can calm students' mood and relieve tension. It is an excellent way to soothe students' psychology. In addition, commonly used methods include empathy experience method, role-playing method, cognitive correction method, game method, etc.” [15].
3. Research shows that different teaching methods will also affect students’ psychology. Produce different impacts. Xiong Yahong and others proposed in "Discussion on the Mental Health Status of College Students and Physical Education Teaching Model":
"1) Emphasis on changing the background environment of practice to improve students' psychological anti-interference ability and survival ability. ;
2) Strengthen the interactivity of roles and statuses to cultivate their organizational capabilities, adaptability, interpersonal skills, and good behavioral qualities of being willing to help others;
3) Use the opposite-sex effect to organize exercises so that students can restrain their bad behaviors in front of the opposite sex.
Promote good ideological qualities and cultivate and develop their healthy and upward personalities;
4) Introduce the competition mechanism of sports competitions to stimulate students' interest and achievement motivation. This is conducive to students forming a positive spirit and sense of competition, and improving their own independent awareness and abilities." [16]
3. Measurement and evaluation of the implementation of mental health education in physical education
Hou Shixun and others proposed in "Discussion on Strengthening Mental Health Education in Physical Education Classes in Colleges and Universities" that "Incorporating students' mental health evaluation into the examination system can promote students to learn mental health knowledge, establish mental health awareness, optimize psychological quality, and form a good Personality psychology. The evaluation of mental health can be divided into two aspects: one is theoretical knowledge, which should be included in the theoretical test papers of physical education courses to test students' mastery of mental health knowledge; the other is mental health evaluation form assessment, which evaluates students' mental health status. More comprehensive evaluation, feedback the evaluation results to students, so that students can understand their own situation and how to improve themselves in a timely manner. The implementation of this measure can not only grasp the dynamics of college students' mental health in a timely manner, but also provide scientific basis for effectively cultivating college students' psychological quality. It also makes up for the partiality problems in the current examination system." [17]
< p> Liu Weimin and Li Ping believed in the "Outline of Implementing Mental Health Education in Physical Education Teaching" that "the establishment of an evaluation index system for students' mental health education should be based on the physiological and psychological development characteristics of students at all levels, and the implementation of psychological health education in physical education." Developed with specific goals in health education. Therefore, the different situations of primary school students, middle school students, and college students should be distinguished, but the general indicator system should include attitude towards learning, achievement motivation, adaptability, communicative ability, behavioral ability, creative ability, foreseeability, emotional response ability, healthy personality, etc. , the specific method is the same as the method of measuring and evaluating students' mental load in physical education practice classes, that is, first use the educational observation method to measure the detailed standards of each main indicator, and then use fuzzy mathematics to comprehensively evaluate." [18]< /p>[Summary]
Sports itself will have a positive impact on mental health. The teaching process can explore various good mental health education materials based on the functions of sports. Different content, different teaching methods, teaching methods, and the use of scientific and feasible teaching evaluation can promote the formation of students' healthy psychology in a more purposeful and planned way, thereby promoting students' physical health and then promoting their mental health. "In physical education teaching. Integrating mental health education into the education system is an inevitable requirement for the combination of physical education and health education, and is also a need for developing the multiple functions of physical education.
”[19]
References
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[2] Ren Changshun. Investigation and study on the impact of different sports on the mental health of college students. Journal of Harbin Institute of Physical Education, 2004, (02): 36-37
[3 ] Zeng Siqing. Ways to cultivate students’ mental health in physical education teaching in colleges and universities [J]. Journal of Weinan Normal University, 2003(2):88-90
[4] Liu Weimin, Li Ping. Implementing psychology in physical education teaching Outline of Health Education [J], Journal of Hubei Normal University (Natural Science Edition), 2003, 23(1):18-21
[5] Gao Danna. How to improve the psychology of college students in physical education teaching in colleges and universities Health [J]. Journal of Xi'an Institute of Physical Education, 2004, (S1): 168-169
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[7] Li Anmin, et al. Comparative study on self-confidence of athletes in collective events and individual events [J]. Journal of Wuhan Institute of Physical Education, 2003, (04)
< p>[8] Sun Xiuzhi. Physical education and mental health education [J]. Journal of Cangzhou Normal College, 2005. (3): 106-107[9] Sun Xiuzhi. Physical education and mental health education [J]. Journal of Cangzhou Normal College, 2005. (3): 106-107
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[12] Li Xiaoxin. Research on the impact of sports dance on the physical and mental effects of college students [J]. Journal of the People's Liberation Army Institute of Physical Education, 2004, (3): 99-101
[ 13] Zhao Xiaojing. Research on the effects of aerobics, rhythmic gymnastics, and sports dance classes on the physical and mental health of college girls [J]. Journal of Xi'an Institute of Physical Education, 2003, (5): 110-112
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[15] Xiong Yahong, et al. Discussion on the mental health status of college students and the physical education teaching model [J]. Modern Educational Science, 2005, (5): 73-75
[16] Xiong Yahong, et al. The relationship between the mental health status of college students and the physical education teaching model Discussion [J]. Modern Educational Science, 2005, (5): 73-75
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[19]Xiong Yahong, et al. Discussion on the mental health status and physical education teaching model of college students [J]. Modern Educational Science, 2005, (5):73-75