The structure of tourbillon
Tourbillon's idea is to put the escapement in a carriage, so that the framework surrounds tourbillon.
Rotate 360 degrees around the axis, which is the axis of the balance wheel. In this way, the original escapement mechanism is fixed, so when the static position of the watch changes, the escapement mechanism remains unchanged, resulting in different forces on the escapement parts, resulting in errors; When the escapement mechanism rotates continuously for 360 degrees, the azimuth errors of the parts will be integrated and offset each other, thus eliminating the errors. At present, tourbillon usually rotates 360 degrees at 1 min, which is also the most ideal speed.
Tourbillon's principle is to compensate gravity when the clock is in a vertical position. In other words, when the clock is in the vertical position, its adjustment controller, namely the balance wheel, the hairspring and the escapement mechanism, will change slightly with each swing. If the adjusting controller is installed on a "cage" that rotates once a minute, a series of vertical positions can be obtained. In this way, the clock can move very accurately and supplement the error. This principle seems simple, but its implementation is another matter. One reason is that the weight of the "cage" and tourbillon should not exceed 0.3g or 0.013oz-equivalent to the weight of a swan feather or two parrot feathers. Another reason is that it consists of 72 fine parts, most of which are handmade!
Tourbillon's Technological Evolution
After the improvement and innovation of time and technology, tourbillon watches can be divided into the following three generations: 1. The first generation of tourbillon was invented and manufactured by Swiss watchmaker Abraham-Louis Breguet on 1795. Its flywheel structure must be composed of two indispensable basic components, namely "the bracket of flywheel" and "the bridge of flywheel". In this combination, the "balance bridge" must rotate with the flywheel. According to different combinations, the first generation flywheel meters can be divided into two categories: coaxial (that is, the center of the balance wheel and the center of the flywheel are on the same axis); Eccentric (also known as non-coaxial, that is, the centers of balance wheel and flywheel are not on the same axis). 2. The second generation flying tourbillon wristwatch (the second structure-flying to tourbillon) is in 1927. German watchmaker Alferd Helwig has successfully manufactured a tourbillon pocket watch without flywheel fixing bracket, which improves the mystery and dynamic artistic beauty of this watch. In this combination, the "balance splint" still has to rotate with the flywheel. This second-generation flywheel watch also has coaxial and eccentric categories. 3. The third generation of magical tourbillon wristwatch (the third structure-mysterious tourbillon) was first invented by Joe Yu Tai, a watchmaker from China, in 1993 in "Tianyixuan", and was successfully manufactured by himself. It not only cancels the "flywheel fixing bracket" like the second-generation tourbillon watch, but also miraculously cancels the "flywheel rotating frame" together (this part is essential in both the first-generation and second-generation flywheel watches). In addition, in this new structure, the "balance splint" that must rotate with the flywheel in the first and second generation flywheel watches is changed to not rotate with the flywheel, which greatly reduces the weight of the flywheel by more than half for the first time, and can increase the diameter of the balance wheel to enhance the stability of timing and improve the level of dynamic artistic expression. In the manufacturing history of flywheel watches, Jiao Dayu replaced the "balance splint" originally made of metal with sapphire glass for the first time. Previously, the "balance splint" was attached to the "flywheel turret". Because this watch is more mysterious in operation, it is also called "the mysterious tourbillon of Kiu" and "tourbillon of China" internationally.
perpetual calendar
The spring wound in the chain disc is assembled by hand. It slowly loosens, and its power is transmitted to the escapement through the gear resistance system (consisting of gears and pinions), which adjusts its strength and then transmits it to the balance wheel. The function of the hairspring is to adjust the time. It vibrates six to eight times a second. The more regular the vibration, the higher the accuracy of the watch. The gear drag system is connected to the balance wheel of the hairspring, and its function is to drive the hands on the dial. According to this basic principle (about 90 parts are needed), it can be transformed into an increasingly complex set of mechanical watches with different styles, which can have as many as 13 functions, including perpetual calendar and moon equality. The "Top Complex" mechanical watch consists of 1400 parts.
Ordinary watches realize the calendar function by mechanical means (mechanical watches) or simple conversion means (electronic watches). The "perpetual calendar" needs to implement a slightly complicated algorithm. To realize this algorithm, the common electronic watch control chip is no longer competent, and more than 8-bit chips are needed to complete this work. Therefore, watches with perpetual calendar function are basically electronic quartz watches, and mechanical watches cannot automatically have perpetual calendar function, but they are also manually operated.
The sun, moon and stars are not very clear.