1. source of funds: funds for vertical projects usually come from the government, scientific research institutions or industry associations, while funds for horizontal projects are usually provided by enterprises, social organizations or individuals. This leads to the difference of financial stability between the two projects.
2. Nature and objectives of research: vertical projects pay more attention to the theoretical significance and academic value of research, aiming at promoting the development of disciplines and the accumulation of knowledge. Horizontal projects pay more attention to the practicality and application value of research, aiming at solving practical problems or developing technical applications. Therefore, vertical projects usually need to have high theoretical depth and academic value, while horizontal projects need to consider more practical needs and application effects.
3. Project difficulty and risk: Vertical projects are usually difficult and need to bear certain risks and uncertainties, because such projects usually need groundbreaking research to solve some cutting-edge scientific problems. In contrast, horizontal projects are relatively less difficult, but they also need to be flexibly adjusted and changed according to actual needs, so they also need to have certain adaptability.
4. Form of results: The results of vertical projects are usually presented in the form of papers and patents, while the results of horizontal projects may be presented in the form of products, technologies and solutions. This also means that there are differences between the two projects in the application and transformation of results.
Similarities between vertical and horizontal projects:
1 is to promote the development of scientific research: both vertical and horizontal projects are to promote the development of scientific research, provide funds and support for researchers, and promote the growth and innovation of scientific knowledge. Whether it is to solve basic scientific problems or meet practical application needs, these two kinds of projects are indispensable components in the scientific research system.
2. Both need project management: both vertical and horizontal projects need project management. This means that the progress, budget, personnel and risks of the project need to be effectively managed and coordinated to ensure that the project can be completed on time and with good quality. Project management is an important subject, which is crucial to the successful implementation of the project.
3. Both vertical and horizontal projects may face challenges and risks, such as technical problems, personnel problems, insufficient funds and market changes. The project management team needs to have the ability and experience to deal with these challenges and risks to ensure the smooth progress of the project.
4. Both projects may produce social benefits: both vertical and horizontal projects may produce extensive social benefits. For example, vertical projects are of great significance for improving human knowledge and promoting the development of science and technology; Horizontal projects may directly promote economic development, promote social progress and improve people's lives.