Marconi soon thought that this kind of radio wave could be used to transmit signals to far places without wires, which made it possible for many communications that telegrams could not complete. For example, information can be transmitted to ships sailing at sea in this way.
After a year of hard work, Marconi successfully invented a working device in 1895. 1896, he made a demonstration test of the device in Britain and obtained the patent right of this invention for the first time. Marconi immediately set up a company and launched the first radio in 1898. The next year, his radio signal crossed the English Channel. Although Marconi's most important patent was obtained in 1900, he constantly improved his invention and obtained many patents from it. 190 1 year, his radio message successfully crossed the Atlantic Ocean and spread from England to Newfoundland, Canada.
The importance of this invention was dramatically proved in an accident. 1909 * * * steamboat Guo sank to the bottom of the sea due to collision. At this time, the radio information played a role, and all the crew members were rescued except six people. In the same year, Marconi won the Nobel Prize for his invention. The next year, his radio message successfully spread from Ireland to Argentina, with a total length of 6,000 miles.
All this information is transmitted through the dotted line system of Morse code. At that time, it was known that sound could also be transmitted by radio, but it was only realized in about 19 15 years. Commercial radio broadcasting just started in the early 1930s, but its popularity and importance increased rapidly.
Radio technology is a communication method that uses radio waves to transmit information. Voice, text, data and images can be transmitted. Compared with wired communication, it does not need to erect transmission lines, is not limited by communication distance, has good maneuverability and is established quickly; However, the transmission quality is unstable, the signal is easily interfered or intercepted, and the confidentiality is poor.
After the invention of telegraph and telephone, the speed of information dissemination was many times faster than before. The emergence of telegraph and telephone shortened the sense of distance between people from all continents. But at the beginning, telegrams and telephones all transmitted signals in wires by current, which greatly restricted communication. For example, communication must first have lines, and the erection of lines is limited by objective conditions. Mountains and rivers bring great difficulties to the construction and maintenance of the line. Moreover, ships on the sea that need communication very much, as well as airplanes invented later, cannot communicate with people on the ground through wires because they are all mobile means of transportation. /kloc-the radio communication technology invented in the 0/9th century makes communication get rid of the way of relying on wires, which is a leap in communication technology and an important achievement in the history of human science and technology.
1894, in the year of Hertz's death, Marconi had just turned 20. He read about Hertz's experiment and Lodge's report in an electrical magazine. He liked playing with coils and electric bells since he was a child, so he plunged into the study of electromagnetic waves. He believes that since Hertz can detect electromagnetic waves several meters away, as long as there is a sensitive enough detector, it will certainly be able to detect further electromagnetic waves. After many failures, he finally took a gratifying first step. He installed a device for emitting radio waves upstairs in his home, and placed a detector downstairs, which was connected with an electric bell. As soon as he turned on the power upstairs, the bell rang downstairs. At night, when my father saw this novel device, he threw all the anger and dissatisfaction he had been holding in his stomach to the outside world, and never called him an "unrealistic dreamer" again. And began to give financial aid to his son so that he could concentrate on his experiments. After his first success, Marconi's confidence increased. He collected a large number of materials and articles. No matter whether the author of these articles is famous or unknown, as long as they are useful and enlightening to him, he reads them patiently and analyzes them carefully. He clearly analyzed the shortcomings of each family, gathered everyone's strengths and improved his machine.
The following summer, Marconi completed another very successful experiment. In autumn, the experiment made great progress. He unfolded a kerosene bucket and turned it into a big iron plate as an antenna for launching. The antenna of the receiver is hung high on a big tree to increase the sensitivity of reception. He also improved Rocky's metal powder detector, adding a small amount of silver powder to the glass tube, mixing it with nickel powder, and then removing the air from the glass tube. In this way, the transmitter increases the power and the receiver also increases the sensitivity. He put the transmitter on one side of the hill and the receiver at home on the other side of the hill. When sending a signal to his assistant, the receiver he was waiting for received the signal, which made the bell sound crisp. For him, this noise is more pleasant than a touching symphony. The distance of this experiment is 2.7 kilometers. 1937, Marconi died, and nearly ten thousand people buried him in Rome, Italy. At the same time, all wireless telegrams and telephones in Britain and BBC radio stopped working for 2 minutes to pay tribute to this great man in the radio field. Marconi and other scientists who contributed to the field of radio communication left this world, but the radio communication they invented was left to future generations and will benefit future generations of mankind. 1896 Marconi took his equipment to England, where he was introduced to William Price, chief engineer of the General Post Office, who was later knighted. At the end of this year, Marconi obtained the first patent of wireless telegraph system in the world. He successfully demonstrated his communication devices in London, Fort Saris Plain and across Bristol Bay, and established Wireless Telegraph and Telecommunications Co., Ltd. in July 1897. In the same year, it was renamed Marconi Wireless Telegraph Co., Ltd.). In the same year, the transmission of 12 mile (19 km) radio signal was demonstrated to the Italian government in Spezia. 1899, he established radio communication between France and Britain across the English Channel. He established permanent radio stations in Needles, the Isle of Wight and Bournemouth, and later in Hafen Hotel, Poole and Dorset.
1900 Marconi obtained the famous patent No.7777 for his tuned wireless telegraph. On the historic day of 190 1 12, he decided to use his launching system to prove that radio waves are not affected by the curvature of the earth's surface, and for the first time, he made radio waves cross the Atlantic Ocean between Porter Hugh in Cornwall and St. John in Newfoundland, with a distance of 2 100 miles (3381.
Between 1902 and 19 12, he also obtained many new invention patents. 1902, he experimented with the daylight effect of wireless telegraph communication on the voyage of the American cruise ship Ferrara Delfia, and in the same year, he obtained the patent of magnetic detector and became the standard radio receiver for many years. 1902 12 In February, he sent the first complete telegram from Grace Bay, Nova Scotia, and then sent it from Cape Cod, Massachusetts to Porter Hugh. These early experiments led to the opening of the first transatlantic commercial wireless telegraph service between Grace Bay and Clifton, Ireland in 1907, which pushed the radio industry to a peak. Prior to this, a short-range civil wireless telegraph was established between Bari in Italy and Avidari in Montenegro. 1905, Marconi obtained the patent of the horizontal directional antenna, 19 12, and he invented the intermittent spark system for generating continuous electric waves. When Marconi served in Italy during the war, he re-studied the short wave he used in his earlier experiments. After he and his British partner * * * made further experiments, 1923, a series of experiments were conducted between Radio Poldhu and Marconi speedboat Elettra, which was cruising in the Atlantic Ocean and Mediterranean Sea at that time. These tests eventually led to the establishment of long-distance directional communication system. The British government adopted this system as a means of communication between the Commonwealth. The first directional radio station connecting Britain and Canada was built in 1926, and other radio stations were added the following year.
193 1 year, Marconi began to study the transmission characteristics of shorter waves. As a result, in 1932, the world's first microwave wireless telephone connection was established between Vatican City and the Pope's Summer Palace in Fort Gandolfo. Two years later, Marconi demonstrated the microwave radio beacon for navigation in Trile Vant, Seth. 1935, he carried out the radar principle in Italy, and predicted this for the first time in a report he gave to the American Institute of Radio Engineering in new york as early as 1922.
Marconi has received honorary doctorates from many universities and many international honors and awards. In addition to 1909 winning the Nobel Prize in Physics with Braun, there are Albert Medal, John Fritz Medal and Kelvin Medal of the Royal Society of Art; The Russian czar awarded the medal of Saint Anna, and the Italian king appointed him as the honorary naval lieutenant colonel of Saint Marais and Saint Lazarus. 1902 was awarded the Grand Cross of the King of Italy. Marconi also won the title of honorary citizen of Rome at 1903. 1905 was awarded the title of civil servant in Sava. Marconi has many other honorary titles, such as 19 14 was appointed as a member of the Italian Senate, was awarded the Royal Victoria Grand Cross and knighthood, and 1929 was awarded the hereditary title of Marquis. 1943, the United States Supreme Court declared Marconi's radio patent invalid, and found that nikola tesla enjoyed the radio patent.