At present, the level of private equity financing in Britain is very high, and its private equity is the most developed market, providing about 38% of venture capital every year, providing a steady stream of funds for college students to start science and technology enterprises. The "business plan" competition for American college students to "promote" their creativity is a successful model. The participating college students write a business feasibility report on a new product or service with market prospects, and celebrities from academia and business circles serve as judges and select winners. The enterprises in the feasibility report can finally get venture capital. Business plan has a long history in American universities. Since the 1983 University of Texas at Austin competition, more than 20 universities in the United States, including world-class universities, have held this competition every year. Yahoo, Excite, Netscape and other companies were born in the entrepreneurial atmosphere of Stanford campus. MIT's "$50,000 Business Plan Competition" has a history of 19 years and has a great influence. According to statistics, 46% of high-tech companies in Tong Jia plan to participate in the competition. From 19, six new enterprises were born, and a considerable number of "plans" were directly hatched by nearby high-tech enterprises, and they grew into entrepreneurs with annual turnover of dozens of people, and they were trained and grown in the competition. The technical leaders of venture capitalists and the students who win the competition will mostly become American high school students in the future. Education experts believe that it is this university that "creates entrepreneurial opportunities for young students" is a famous university in the United States, and it has many alumni who have achieved success in society. Every year, when the school holds a business plan, all previous alumni will be invited to join and let them help; The popularity of famous schools can attract a large number of investors to participate in activities. These universities are fully aware of this. They vigorously promote their business planning activities and take the initiative to send invitations to outstanding fund investors, venture capital companies and consulting companies. The more opportunities college students bring. What college students are most worried about when starting a business is risk. What if the money is invested and they lose everything? How to help college students avoid risks and improve business insurance provides a feasible model for reference. 1997 Before the Asian financial crisis, Korean college students were unwilling to accept the idea of "starting their own businesses". After graduation, many college students are most eager to enter a big company that looks good. However, it took the Korean government three years to make the word "innovation and entrepreneurship" deeply rooted in the hearts of Korean college students. In 2000, a survey on JobKorea's job website showed that 52.4% of graduates were ready to start a business. 7 1% of Korean youth want to start their own businesses, which ranked first in the world that year. The self-confidence of Korean college students in starting a business is related to the high success rate of Korean college students. From 1998 to 200 1, South Korea's entrepreneurship has grown rapidly at a rate of quadrupling one year. They not only go deep into frontier fields such as IT, but also are active in traditional manufacturing and agriculture. 1997 during the Asian financial crisis, Korean college students faced the problem of difficult employment. The Korean government recognizes that in order to solve the employment problem of college students, it is necessary to encourage them to start businesses. However, South Korea has long been monopolized by large enterprises: Korean enterprise managers and financiers pursue economies of scale, invest heavily and become super-large enterprise groups. From the early 1960s to 1980s, the rapid development of Korean economy was marked by the rapid development of large enterprise groups. However, this excessive pursuit of "scale economy" has led to the excessive strengthening of the market position of large enterprises. Therefore, it is difficult for newly born weak enterprises to enter the oligopoly-controlled market, and it is even more difficult for college students to start their own businesses. The entrepreneurial enthusiasm of Korean college students is extremely low. In order to change college students' employment concept and stimulate their entrepreneurial enthusiasm, the Korean government has taken many measures to protect and encourage college students to start businesses. Among all kinds of encouragement measures, the most direct effect is to set up a "entrepreneurship support center" centered on universities and implement the policy of "strict entry and wide exit". Almost every university in South Korea has an "Entrepreneurship Support Center", and the Korean government and schools should strictly screen the applications of college students to enter the Entrepreneurship Center. College students seeking to start a business need to provide a detailed business plan, and then an evaluation team composed of university professors and venture capital professional committees will make an evaluation decision according to the business direction. If Korean college students can pass the screening and successfully enter the entrepreneurship support center, the next road will be much smoother. In the Entrepreneurship Support Center, college students can get "one-stop" service. The talents, business premises and funds urgently needed by college students to start a business are easy to find here. The center provides low-rent or even rent-free offices, as well as office desks and chairs, computers, Internet access and other conditions. The center helps college students to contact professors of various majors, assist in feasibility investigation and analysis, provide legal, taxation, negotiation and other consulting services for inexperienced college students, and also help college students raise funds. Considering the development strategy, the Korean government provides the same financial and policy support as commercial enterprises, and even college students' entrepreneurial enterprises are more favorable than commercial enterprises in terms of loans. At the same time, the Korean government also actively encourages all kinds of capital to invest in high-tech start-ups. When individuals invest in innovative projects, the government will give a 30% return. Swedish entrepreneurship education covers a lifetime. Sweden is a veritable country of innovation. Based on the same population base, Sweden has one of the largest number of patents and patent applications in the world. Well-known brands such as IKEA, Electrolux, Volvo and Ericsson are all from Sweden. This innovative country has a complete entrepreneurship education system-at present, Sweden's entrepreneurship education has been incorporated into the national education system, covering formal education from junior high school, high school, undergraduate to graduate. At present, Swedish primary and secondary schools have developed a large number of entrepreneurship education courses and games, which make students interested in important concepts such as innovation, competition, cost and profit from an early age. Swedish universities not only undertake the task of providing students with entrepreneurship education, but also offer a large number of social entrepreneurship training programs. This entrepreneurial education system with full participation has made entrepreneurship a highly respected value concept in society, and has also trained a large number of entrepreneurial reserve teams for the whole society.
Second, what are the support policies for college students' entrepreneurship?
The supporting policies for college students' entrepreneurship are as follows: 1, with tax reduction and exemption. College graduates engage in self-employment and register with the industrial and commercial departments within two years after graduation. Administrative charge will be exempted from registration within three years from the date of first registration; 2. Free entrepreneurship training. Provide free entrepreneurship knowledge training for entrepreneurs, mainly including entrepreneurship awareness training, entrepreneurship planning training, how to choose projects, find venues, apply for permits, raise funds, plan entrepreneurship and a series of trainings; 3. Discount. For self-employed college students, a one-time loan of less than100000 yuan can be given, and for self-employed, self-employed or cooperative enterprises, a maximum loan of 500000 yuan can be given at one time, and a discount will be given according to the national discount policy for small secured loans; 4. Increase support for college students' entrepreneurial bases. The highest subsidy of10,000 yuan will be given to the demonstration base for promoting entrepreneurship and employment of college graduates granted by government departments, which is mainly used to support the infrastructure construction of the demonstration base for entrepreneurship. The specific subsidy amount will be determined according to the scale and number of enterprises in the base, employment promotion, profit and tax contribution, social impact, service enterprises and other factors. 5. Provide entrepreneurial guidance. The establishment of the city entrepreneurship guidance service center, responsible for the city's entrepreneurial services and guidance. People's Republic of China (PRC) Small and Medium-sized Enterprises Promotion Law Article 25 Graduates of institutions of higher learning, ex-servicemen, unemployed people and disabled people who set up small and micro enterprises shall enjoy tax concessions and fee reduction in accordance with state regulations. Article 32 The State encourages small and medium-sized enterprises to promote innovation in technology, products, management models and business models according to market demand. If it is really necessary to accelerate the depreciation of fixed assets of small and medium-sized enterprises due to technological progress and other reasons, the depreciation period can be shortened or the accelerated depreciation method can be adopted according to law. The state improves the policy of adding and deducting research and development expenses for small and medium-sized enterprises and supports technological innovation of small and medium-sized enterprises.
3. What are the preferential policies for college students to start their own businesses?
Hello, if you read more national news, you will know that there are too many preferential policies for college students. Look for them.
Fourth, briefly describe the content of Korean college students' entrepreneurship policy?
Using the experience accumulated since the Asian financial crisis in the late 1990s, the Korean government tried to turn the employment pressure of college students into entrepreneurial motivation.
The concept of students
From Entrepreneurship to Self-employment
According to South Korea's Central Daily News, a survey of 29 17 Korean college students at the beginning of this year showed that 28% of the respondents said they would give up their jobs and choose to start their own businesses. A questionnaire survey of 1 10,000 college students by a venture company in South Korea shows that more than half of college students choose to start a business because of "high income" and "inspired by successful people", and only 5.4% of them "make a living by starting a business".
The self-confidence of Korean college students in starting a business is not unrelated to the high success rate of Korean college students in starting a business. In recent years, the number of Korean college students' entrepreneurs has doubled every year. They not only go deep into the frontier science and technology fields, but also are active in the traditional manufacturing and agriculture fields. Many young people think that it is also a success to rediscover their meaning in life without a fixed job, a flexible job and a second job that is not limited by time and place. Entrepreneurship is not a simple and passive choice, but an opportunity and necessity for college students' life development.
In fact, the change of Korean college students' concept of employment and entrepreneurship did not happen overnight. 1997 before the Asian financial crisis, most Korean college students were reluctant to start a business, and what they longed for most was to enter a big company after graduation. At that time, South Korea was monopolized by large enterprises for a long time, and it was difficult for newly weak enterprises to enter the oligopoly market. Entrepreneurial college students have no money or enter the market at low cost, which is even more difficult and risky, so their entrepreneurial enthusiasm is not high.
Even in 2004, when South Korea's economy greatly improved, 68% of college graduates were willing to work in enterprises or the government, 14.7% chose to take the postgraduate entrance examination or study abroad, and only1.1%were determined to start a business. However, through the unremitting efforts of the Korean government and people, the word "innovation and entrepreneurship" has gradually penetrated into the hearts of Korean college students.
Government support
Entrepreneurship can enjoy one-stop service.
In order to change college students' employment concept and stimulate their entrepreneurial enthusiasm, the Korean government has taken many policy measures to protect and encourage college students to start businesses.
The Korea Small and Medium Enterprises Office has set up a venture fund to reward and support college students' entrepreneurship. In response to the employment difficulties caused by the financial crisis, venture capital increased from 250 million won in 2008 to 600 million won in 2009, and it is planned to support more than 120 outstanding college students' entrepreneurial groups, with an average of 8 million won per group. Jeollanam-do government also raised 220 million won to reward and support college students' entrepreneurial projects, an increase of 12% compared with 2008, and each entrepreneurial project will receive100000 won. Some organizations and enterprises also actively provide venture capital for college students. For example, the Seoul Industrial and Trade Promotion Agency has set up the "College Student Entrepreneurship Award" for college students studying in Seoul, providing 8 million won in financial support for 10 outstanding entrepreneurial projects selected by experts every year.
Carry out entrepreneurship training Some institutions in South Korea actively carry out entrepreneurship training for college students. For example, the Employment Information Office has set up "College Students' Development Direction and Online Education", which not only provides information services related to entrepreneurship, but also holds professional training courses related to entrepreneurship. Since 2006, the Human Development Institute of Long Ren Science and Technology Credit Guarantee Fund in Gyeonggi Province has actively organized the "College Students Entrepreneurship School" to provide entrepreneurship training for college students in this province. The training course helps college students to improve their entrepreneurial awareness and ability through on-site observation and special discussion. In addition, it also provides network services, membership services and tracking services.
Among all kinds of encouragement measures in Korea, the most direct effect is the establishment of "entrepreneurship support center" based on universities. Almost every university in Korea has an "Entrepreneurship Support Center". The policy of "strict entry and wide exit" is implemented here, and the Korean government and schools strictly screen the applications of college students who want to enter the center. College students seeking business opportunities need to provide detailed business plans, and then according to the business direction, a review team composed of university professors and venture capital professional committees will make a review decision. If you can pass the screening and successfully enter the entrepreneurship support center, the next road will be smooth.
In the Entrepreneurship Support Center, college students can get "one-stop" service. The personnel, places and funds urgently needed by college students to start their own businesses are easy to find here. The center provides necessary office facilities such as offices, desks and chairs, computers, etc. with low rent or even free of charge, and helps college students to contact professors of various majors, assist in feasibility investigation and analysis, provide legal, taxation, negotiation and other consulting services for inexperienced college students, and also help college students raise funds.
In order to make college students' excellent entrepreneurial ideas and projects come true, the Korean government provides them with more favorable fiscal and taxation policy support than ordinary enterprises. At the same time, the Korean government also actively encourages all kinds of capital to invest in high-tech innovative enterprises. When individuals invest in innovative projects, the government will give a 30% tax rebate.
Encourage agricultural college students to return to their hometowns for farming. South Korea's Gyeongsangbuk-do government encourages college students to return to their hometowns to start businesses, providing 6.5438+million won for each college student's agricultural entrepreneurial group, and setting up "Returning Consultation Service Centers" in various provinces, cities and counties to provide related services. According to the length of returning home, college students are divided into several categories and can enjoy different policy support. Those who return to their hometowns for two to three years can enjoy a reward of 65.438 million won and a low-interest loan of 200 to 200 million won. People who have returned to China for more than 4 years are called "stable people". Cultivate "stable people" as "entrepreneurial agricultural operators" and provide "funds for improving the structure of agriculture and fishing villages" with an annual interest rate of 3% and a quota of 20 million to 200 million won. "Farmer NCO School" also provides professional education and training for these "entrepreneurial agricultural operators".
Scholars suggest
Success in starting a business requires perseverance.
With the support of all parties, Korean college students' entrepreneurship has mushroomed, especially the Internet-based entrepreneurial model has developed rapidly. The number of online stores founded by college students soared from 1800 in 2002 to more than 7,000 in 2007.
Although college students set off a craze for entrepreneurship, not all entrepreneurship can be successful. Korean scholars have analyzed the external factors that hinder college students' entrepreneurship, including: rigid education system, teaching methods that focus on indoctrination and control, traditional ideas of complacency and fear of taking risks, and social atmosphere that does not tolerate failure.
Bai Zhongying, a Korean entrepreneur who succeeded in starting a business in the United States, pointed out that weak will and insufficient "driving force" are the important reasons for college students' entrepreneurial failure. Some college students think that they are still students and can fail, and regard entrepreneurship as a "part-time job" or "internship". Therefore, they don't have high demands on themselves, they don't devote themselves wholeheartedly, and they are easily discouraged when they encounter difficulties. In addition, the lack of entrepreneurial knowledge and experience is also a big weakness of college entrepreneurs. Entrepreneurship requires specialized knowledge, and information such as commodity characteristics, changes in consumer demand, and price competitiveness needs to be collected and analyzed. Korean media reported that a student at Shui Yuan Women's University had a backlog of products that were not fashionable enough, so she had to make ends meet and close the store that had been in operation for six months. In addition, if you don't understand the relevant legal knowledge, the business procedures of the enterprise are incomplete, and the entrepreneurship is too simple, which may also get entrepreneurs into trouble.
In view of the above problems, Korean scholars have also given their own suggestions, including: not only to reward outstanding entrepreneurial ideas, but also to reward students who have made outstanding achievements in technology research and development and marketing; College students should learn to collect and accumulate entrepreneurial knowledge and experience and participate in entrepreneurial activity groups; Starting from the establishment of your own website, starting from your own interests, you gradually get involved in and adapt to entrepreneurial management, and finally learn to operate independently and make profits; Use university information, facilities and other resources to study and reduce the cost of starting a business; Cooperate with classmates and friends to start a business and cultivate the spirit of cooperation; Temper your perseverance and learn from the famous saying of Zheng Zhouyong, the founder of modern enterprise groups-only tempering, no failure.