Noun interpretation
Before discussing the topic, let's understand the real meaning of several technical terms in the film.
Prefix D (Drift): In the original Japanese manga titles, D means drift, that is, tail flick, and the prefix D means tail flick first. Experts pointed out that during driving, the driver makes the direction of the front of the car form a big angle with the actual direction of the car body in a short time, forming a so-called "drift", which is a limit state of the car in operation. In the movie, Jay Chou drives down the hill and turns the corner in this state.
Push the head: In the movie, Edison Chen pointed out Shawn Yue's cornering disadvantage, that is, the car didn't turn enough when cornering, and the front of the car slid sideways to the outside of the corner due to inertia.
Heel and toe: the foot movements that often appear when the protagonist turns in the movie will only appear when slowing down and downshifting. When the driver steps on the clutch with his left foot, the right foot simultaneously steps on the brake and the accelerator. The method is to step on the brake with the left front part of the right palm, move the heel sideways, and step on the accelerator with force to increase the engine speed. The toe-following action can make the driver step on the clutch, brake and refuel at the same time, so that the car can complete the preparation before entering the corner such as deceleration and downshift in a very short time.
Head Climbing: A common word used to explain the race in movies is overtaking.
Che Wang's word "drift"
Lu Ningjun and his professional racing teammates provided us with a very detailed and professional "Drift Guide" of nearly 10,000 words. Due to the limitation of space, we edited the essence and added easy-to-understand words. I hope you can gain something from reading this text and benefit a lot.
"Drift" is only a kind of automobile limit state, its purpose is to turn safely and smoothly, and whether the driver can win the shortest time when turning is the key to win the final victory in the automobile race.
First, the correct driving posture
Before doing the "drift" action, you must first have a correct driving posture. Correct driving posture can not only improve your driving safety on public roads, but also make it easier for you to deal with emergencies on the road and improve the lap time on the track. Of course, Jay Chou's cool driving posture with chin cupped in his hand in the movie is absolutely incorrect and unsafe.
1. The seat belt must be fastened, and the driver's back should be close to the chair.
2. The front and rear position of the seat is most suitable for the driver to lean back and put his wrist above the steering wheel.
3. When adjusting the driving position, both hands and arms can be easily bent slightly to hold the 9 o'clock and 3 o'clock positions of the steering wheel.
4. When stepping on the clutch pedal, keep your legs slightly bent.
5. When turning, keep your hands at the 9 o'clock and 3 o'clock positions of the steering wheel, and pull down the steering wheel with your right hand until your hands cross.
Second, how to shift gears
Here is mainly about how to downshift before entering the corner. Because the transmission ratio of each gear is different, when we shift from high gear to low gear (for example, from third gear to second gear). The engine speed will suddenly increase, and the jerkiness caused by the sudden change of engine speed will have an unstable impact on vehicles driving at high speed, so it should be avoided as much as possible.
How to avoid it? -Toe movement, as Jay Chou often does before turning.
Before the car reaches the end of the straight road at high speed and is ready to turn:
1. The driver starts to brake.
2. The driver presses the clutch.
3. Downshift.
4. Heel-toe movement: the driver steps on the brake with the left half of the sole of the foot, the heel moves sideways, and the accelerator is pressed hard to improve the engine speed.
5. Release the clutch pedal with your left foot, continue to downshift if necessary, and repeat the actions in points 2~3.
6. After the whole process of downshifting and deceleration is completed, put the left foot back on the fixed pedal, and control the throttle with the right foot, ready to enter the corner.
Third, how to turn the corner
Whether the curve is smooth is the key to the driver's success. In the movie, almost all the "head-climbing" (overtaking) of the rear car occurs when it turns a corner.
First of all, choose the outer-inner-outer curve route. For the same turn, if you take the inside, the turning radius will be smaller, but if you take the outside-inside-outside route, the radius will increase. Basically, the larger the radius, the farther the road, and the maximum allowable speed. Therefore, straightening the curve as straight as possible will increase the speed.
Second, slow down into the corner and speed up the corner. The correct turning method should be as follows:
Judge the road conditions by experience and technology, determine the cornering speed, brake directly before entering the corner, and complete braking and gear shifting.
Angle-this is the first half angle, 1/3. Turn the steering wheel and use a little brake to keep the car balanced. The brake is released slowly, and it should be the slowest part when turning.
Cornering-1/3 In the middle of cornering, the steering wheel should be in a fixed position. Don't step on the accelerator or brake.
Out of the corner-finally, 1/3, the steering wheel turned back, the car gradually straightened, and the throttle became heavier and heavier.
Continuous detours: when there are a series of detours, it is inevitable that every corner will not turn through the way mentioned above. You must sacrifice some corners, take a worse route and let others take the best route. Remember, the turn with a long straight road after the turn is the more important one. In the five-ring hairpin bend in the movie, Jay Chou leads Edison Chen with the last bend.
Fourthly, the detailed explanation of drift.
In the final analysis, the physical principle of drift is that the rear wheel loses most (or all) grip, while the front wheel should be able to maintain grip. At this time, as long as the front wheel has a certain lateral force, the car will flick its tail, that is, drift.
There are six ways to produce drift:
1. Go straight, pull the handbrake and then hit the direction;
2. Hand braking when turning;
3. When driving in a straight line, brake suddenly and then hit the direction;
4. slam on the brakes when turning;
5. First hit the right direction, and then hit the left direction;
6. Rear-wheel drive with sufficient power (or four-wheel drive with rear-wheel drive in proportion) slams on the accelerator to hit the direction when the speed is not very high.
Methods 1 and 2 are only used for front-wheel drive and four-wheel drive in rally competition. Methods 3 and 4 adopt weight transfer (the weight of the rear wheel is transferred to the front wheel), which is the least harmful method to the car. Method 6 is only applicable to rear wheel drive.
In the movie, the Toyota AE86 driven by the hero is a rear-wheel drive car with a front engine, so we can see that Tuohai didn't step on the brake vigorously or pull the hand brake wildly when cornering, but mostly used the sixth method to drift around the corner by increasing the throttle.
Verb (abbreviation of verb) important notes
Like ordinary cornering, drift cornering has a speed limit, which can only be higher than ordinary cornering at most, and it is lower than ordinary cornering on hard ground, so don't believe the myth that drift cornering can be faster.
As for whether the tail can be flicked in the end, it is related to many factors, such as friction coefficient between tire and road surface, vehicle speed, braking force, throttle size, front wheel angle, vehicle weight distribution, track wheelbase, suspension hardness and so on. For example, it is easy to wag your tail when driving in rainy and snowy days, but it is more difficult not to wag your tail; The higher the driving speed, the easier it is to flick the tail (so the first rule of safe driving is not to drive too fast); Hit the direction quickly, easy to flick the tail (the master who teaches driving is told not to hit the steering wheel too fast); The smaller the wheelbase, the higher the body, the more intense the weight transfer, and the easier it is to shake the tail (and it is easy to roll over! ); The weaker the anti-tilting effect of the front suspension system, the easier it is to swing the tail.
In addition, in addition to choosing a professional training venue, under the guidance of professionals, in order to complete professional racing movements such as "drift", the vehicle you drive must be modified and adjusted by professionals, just like the seemingly ordinary AE86 in the movie, which has been carefully modified and adjusted by "Dad" Huang Qiusheng for several months.
PS: How to deal with out-of-control vehicles?
Lu Ningjun specially added this part to the guidance materials. Driving is not a movie, and there is no room for mistakes. How to adjust the car quickly in an emergency to ensure safe driving is the most important knowledge for car lovers.
Many accidents in car races are caused by drivers braking when the car is out of control. When the car is out of control, you must never step on the brakes. It will only make you completely out of control in an instant. Never lock the brakes. Keep the wheels turning slightly to avoid obstacles on the road.
Front wheel slip is usually caused by understeer and too fast cornering. Never step on the brakes at this time. First slowly release the throttle, and at the same time hit the steering wheel (not too much) in the direction of the front wheel slipping to restore the front wheel rotation, and immediately hit the steering wheel back, and at the same time, reduce the throttle.
Backslip is usually caused by turning too fast or turning too fast. Also, don't step on the brakes. Step on the accelerator slowly, and at the same time hit the steering wheel in the direction of sliding backwards (not too much). When the vehicle regains control and stops skidding, immediately turn back to the direction and reduce the air valve.
At this time, the limit of waiting has been played by you! But how to stop? First of all, never step on the brakes. First slowly release the throttle, keep the steering wheel still, wait for the car to stop sliding, and refuel immediately.
Vehicle swing is usually caused by poor control when the vehicle is cornering or the vehicle speed is too fast to force it to bend. Never let go of the accelerator. It's best that you can add some gas to your intuition and predict which direction the rear of the car will be thrown. Turn the steering wheel in that direction in advance, and absolutely remember not to step on the brakes. If you must step on it, the car will definitely fly off the road.
My car is drifting, too
There is an important reason why the cartoons and movies of "Initial D" are popular all over Asia: the story creates a myth that civilian cars beat professional racing cars. A seemingly ordinary civilian AE86 defeated Mazda RX-7(FC3S), Nissan SI 180, Honda CIVICEC-6 and Mitsubishi LancerEvolution. Professional racing cars with trump cards such as III galloped on Qiushan Mountain Road, and the driver Tuohai finally became a generation of "car gods". Professionals say that many cars sold in the domestic market do have the inherent quality and edges and corners similar to the "civilian racing" in the movie. They seem ordinary and have excellent internal qualities. If it is modified and adjusted by experts, it will immediately become a rare "drifting" top grade.
Subaru impreza:
A supercar without drift.
With a displacement of 2.0L, it is equipped with a horizontally opposed horizontal turbocharged engine and a full-time four-wheel drive system. The maximum power is 225 HP //5600 rpm, the vehicle weight is 65,438+370 kg, and the acceleration of 0-65,438+000 km is 5.9 seconds, and the top speed is 230 km/h. ..
Expert comment: It is said that in the original comics, Fuji Leopard finally became the ultimate chariot of Fujiwara Takumi. Due to the horizontally opposed engine and full-time four-wheel drive, the impreza has a low center of gravity and a strong grip on the ground with four wheels. In addition, it is equipped with the best anti-skid differential in the world, belonging to a super sports car that can reach the finish line at the fastest speed without drifting.
Corolla:
Modern AE86
Displacement 1.8L, transverse inline (VVT-I) engine, front drive, maximum power 100 kW/6000 rpm, vehicle weight 1600 kg, and maximum speed180km/h. ..
Expert comment: AE86 in the movie is actually the 4th generation Corolla put into production by Toyota at 1983. The VVT-I engine adopted by the new generation Corolla is the most powerful naturally aspirated gasoline engine in domestic 1.8 liter displacement vehicles at present. Equipped with Bridgestone tires, it has strong grip, the limit state is gradually stable, and the cornering performance is more confident than Bora.
Audi A4:
Masterpiece of science and technology, precise control
3.0L displacement, V6 engine, permanent full-time four-wheel drive, maximum power of 220 HP, acceleration of 8.7 seconds from 0 to 100 km/h, and top speed of 238 km/h. ..
Expert comments: Noble sports car, 3.0quattro permanent full-time four-wheel drive technology and multitronic stepless/manual integrated gearbox, A4 can still be effectively and accurately controlled on wet and rainy roads and continuous sharp turns.
Seine:
The rear wheel follows, and the turn is easy.
With a displacement of 2.0L, an in-line 4-cylinder engine and a front drive, the maximum power is 97 kW/6000 rpm, the acceleration of 0- 100km/h is 9.8 seconds, and the maximum speed is 200 km/h..
Expert comment: The car has first-class handling, patented chassis and rear wheel follow-up technology, which can effectively reduce the turning radius and make it easy to turn without greatly reducing the speed.
When Fujiwara Takumi drove AE86 on the famous Qiushan bend, people under the movie screen were boiling, and a kind of national thought was boiling at high temperature.