The following is the standard format of English references that I have collected for everyone for your reference and reference! More information is in the reference column!
Citation format and references
p>1. The citation in the paper adopts the method of inserting the author, year and page number, such as "Doe (2001, p.10) reported that ?" or "This citation in the paper adopts the method of inserting the author and year. , such as "Doe (2001, p.10) reported that?" or "This problem has been studied previously (Smith, 1958, pp.20-25). Citations inserted in the text should correspond to the references at the end of the text.
Example: Frankly speaking, it is just a simulating one made by the government, or a fake competition, directly speaking. (Gao, 2003, p.220).
2. In the references at the end of the article, the last name and the first name are separated by commas; if there are two authors, they are connected by and; if there are three or more authors, the first authors are separated by commas, and the last author is separated by commas. and connect.
3. Each item in the reference is separated by ?dot? and ends with ?dot?.
4. Please follow the following format for references at the end of the article:
a). If the document is a book, use italics for the title of the book.
If the document is an article in a book, please refer to example (2)
Example: (1) Strunk, W., Jr., amp; White, E. B. (1979). The elements of style . (3rd ed.). New York: Macmillan, (Chapter 4).
(2) Mettam, G. R., amp; Adams, L. B. (1994). How to prepare an electronic version of your article. In B. S. Jones, & R. Z. Smith (Eds.), Introduction to the electronic age. New York: E-Publishing Inc. pp. 281-304
b). If the document is in a journal or newspaper For articles, the article title should be in quotation marks. The journal name does not need to be in quotation marks.
Journal examples: Van der Geer, J., Hanraads, J. A. J., amp; Lupton R. A. (2000). The art of writing a scientific article. Journal of Scientific Communications, 163, 51-59
Newspaper example: Smith, Joe. (2005). 3G Economy, Whose Economy: Report of 3G Century. Report of 21st Century Economy. 20 January 2005 .
c). If the document is a web page, please try to include the author, year, title, URL and search time.
Example: Smith, Joe. (1999). One of Volvo's core values. [Online] Available: /environment/index.htm (July 7, 1999)
FAQ and Error
1. In English papers, Chinese characters and Chinese characters must not appear. If it occurs, garbled characters will appear in the English typesetting system.
2. Some punctuation marks in Chinese and English look similar, but are different in the system. Please be careful not to enter this punctuation mark in Chinese input mode: comma, quotation mark, colon, period, dash, pause. No., brackets.
3. In order to prevent Chinese characters from appearing, after the English paper is completed, please use the word count function in Word to query. The item "Chinese characters and Korean words" should be "0". If it is not 0, , indicating that Chinese characters exist in the English translation, please check for modification.
4. For translators at work units, first go to the unit’s website to check the English name. Of course, if your unit has its own universal translation method, just follow the universal one. Be sure to ensure that the Translation and Research Office of the unit where it is published approves it.
Explanation: APA format, the so-called APA is the abbreviation of American Psychological Association, is a format requirement that social science students must comply with when writing academic papers.
Examples of English references
1. Journal type
Format [serial number] Author. Title [J]. Journal title, year of publication, volume number ( Issue number) starting and ending page numbers.
Examples
[1] Zhou Rong, Ren Zhiguo, Yang Shannglei, Li Xingxing. Thoughts and practice on graduation project management under the new situation [J]. Journal of Electrical and Electronic Teaching, 2003(6): 107-109.
[2] Xia Luhui. Research report on the teaching situation of graduation projects (theses) in colleges and universities [J]. Higher Science Education, 2004(1): 46-52.
[3] Heider, E.R.amp; D.C.Oliver. The structure of color space in naming and memory of two languages ??[J]. Foreign Language Teaching and Research, 1999, (3): 62 67.
2. Monograph type
Format [serial number] Author. Book title [M]. Place of publication: Press, year of publication: starting and ending page numbers.
Examples
[4] Liu Guojun, Wang Liancheng. Research on Library History [M]. Beijing: Higher Education Press, 1979: 15-18, 31.
[5] Gill, R. Mastering English Literature [M]. London: Macmillan, 1985: 42-45.
3. Newspaper type
Format [serial number] Author. Title [N] .Newspaper name, publication date (edition).
Example
[6] Li Dalun. The importance of economic globalization[N]. Guangming Daily, 1998-12-27( 3).
[7] French, W. Between Silences: A Voice from China[N]. Atlantic Weekly, 1987-8-15(33).
4. Paper Collection
Format [serial number] Author. Title [C]. Place of publication: publisher, year of publication: starting page number.
Examples
[8 ] Wu Lifu. Selected Western Literature [C]. Shanghai: Shanghai Translation Publishing House, 1979: 12-17.
[9] Spivak, G. "Can the Subaltern Speak?"[A]. In C.Nelson & L. Grossberg(eds.). Victory in Limbo: Imigism [C]. Urbana: University of Illinois Press, 1988, pp.271-313.
[10] Almarza, G.G. Student foreign language teacher's knowledge growth [A]. In D.Freeman and J.C.Richards (eds.). Teacher Learning in Language Teaching [C]. New York: Cambridge University Press. 1996. pp.50-78.
5. Dissertation
Format [serial number] Author. Title [D]. Place of publication: saver, year of publication: starting page number.
Example
[11] Zhang Zhusheng. Invariant sets of differential semidynamic systems [D]. Beijing: Institute of Mathematics, Department of Mathematics, Peking University, 1983: 1-7.
6. Research report
Format [ Serial number] Author. Title [R]. Place of publication: Publisher, Year of publication: Starting page number.
Examples
[12] Feng Xiqiao. Nuclear reactor pressure piping and pressure vessels LBB Analysis[R]. Beijing: Tsinghua University Nuclear Energy Technology Design Institute, 1997: 9-10.
7. Patent
Format [Serial Number] Patent Owner. Title [P ]. Country: patent number, release date.
Example
[13] Jiang Xizhou. A preparation scheme for warm topical medicine [P]. Chinese patent: 881056073, 1989 07 26.
8. Standard
Format [serial number] standard number, standard name [S].
Example
[14] GB/T 16159-1996, Basic rules for orthography of Chinese Pinyin [S].
9. Regulations
Format [serial number] Issuing unit. Name of regulations. Release date
Examples
[15] Science and Technology Commission of the People's Republic of China. Management Measures for Scientific and Technological Journals[Z].1991-06-05
10. Electronic Documents
Main person responsible for format [serial number]. Electronic document title. Electronic document source [electronic document and carrier type identification]. Or obtainable address, publication or update date/citation date.
Examples
[16] Wang Mingliang. Progress in standardized database system engineering for Chinese academic journals [EB/OL]. 1998 08 16/1998 10 04.
[17] Wan Jin . China University Journal Paper Abstracts (1983 1993). English version [DB/CD]. Beijing: China Encyclopedia Press, 1996.
11. Various undefined types of documents
Format [Serial Number] Main Responsible Person. Document Title [Z]. Place of Publication: Publisher, Year of Publication.
Special Note: All punctuation marks appearing in the "References" item will be lost. has lost its original meaning, and all punctuation marks must be half-width. If your input method has half-width/full-width conversion, just switch to the half-width state. If your input method does not have this conversion function, just turn it off. For Chinese input methods, you can enter in English input mode.
In fact, many input methods (such as the currently popular Sohu input method) provide four combinations:
( 1) Full-width Chinese punctuation: The punctuation input at this time is like this: 1- (At this time, I did not find which key can input the / symbol) In other words, these symbols must not appear in "References" ;
(2) Chinese punctuation half-width: The punctuation input at this time is like this: 1- (At this time, I still haven’t found which key can input the / symbol) In other words, these symbols cannot Appears in "References";
The symbols listed above do not have any spaces in between. Can you tell the difference between them? I think it is just the width of - that is a little different, and the others All the same
(3) English punctuation full-width: The punctuation input at this time is like this, .: [1]-/
(4) English punctuation
Half-width: The punctuation entered at this time is like this, .: [1]-/
Therefore, when many people write "references", they always feel that it is very unclear to use half-width punctuation in English, and the spacing is also inconsistent. Too small, in fact, there is no need to worry about this at all. If you think it is really too small and does not look good, just use full-width punctuation in English. After [1], there is usually a space.
For English references, you should also pay attention to the following two points:
① The author’s name adopts the principle of "surname first, first name last", the specific format is: surname, first letter first . For example: Malcolm Richard Cowley should be: Cowley, M.R., if there are two authors, the first author's method remains unchanged, amp; then the second author's first letter is placed first, and the last name is placed last, such as: Frank Norris and Irving Gordon should be: Norris, F. & I.Gordon.
② Use italics for book titles and newspaper titles, such as: Mastering English Literature, English Weekly.