On the one hand, the development of the knowledge economy has made people see the huge economic and social value brought by knowledge entrepreneurship. On the other hand, the important position of knowledge innovation and entrepreneurship in enhancing national competitiveness has become more prominent. . The more developed a country is in the knowledge economy, the more it places emphasis on enhancing knowledge innovation capabilities in a prominent position in national construction. A large number of case studies have found that while knowledge entrepreneurship has made significant contributions to social and economic development, it also shows its distinctive characteristics.
1. Rely on knowledge and technological innovation.
An important feature of the 21st century is that knowledge and technological innovation have become the leading forces in economic and social development, including product R&D innovation, management innovation, business process innovation, and service innovation. Judging from the internationally renowned large companies, such as Microsoft and Intel, they continue to carry out product research and development and technological innovation in their fields. The management innovation and service innovation of Wal-Mart, IKEA and other retail industries have kept them at the forefront of the industry. Judging from the individual small businesses established in China, in recent years many college students and graduate students have used knowledge and technology not only to establish technology enterprises, but also to create miracles in ordinary traditional industries. For example, a Fudan University graduate who attracted media attention returned to his hometown to start a business selling eggs. He developed an "online identity query system" for branded eggs and injected new ideas into eggs. He earned 350,000 yuan in just over a year, better than his father. Many years of traditional agricultural operation mode. An important factor that cannot be ignored is that knowledge and technological innovation play an important role in the success of entrepreneurship.
2. Create new industries and markets.
Knowledge-based entrepreneurs use knowledge and new technologies to seize opportunities to develop new products and new markets, rather than carve up existing markets for personal survival. Generally speaking, this kind of innovative opportunity-based entrepreneurship is more capable of developing new or larger markets than those survival-type entrepreneurship that carves up existing markets, is expected to create more new job opportunities, and is more powerful in promoting economic development. For example, the development of China's IT industry from PC to the Internet was precisely due to people like Liu Chuanzhi (who founded Lenovo), Ni Guangnan (who developed Lenovo Hanka), Wang Yongmin (who invented Wubi font), Wang Xuan (who invented Chinese character laser typesetting technology), and Zhang Chaoyang (who founded A large number of knowledge-based entrepreneurs such as Sohu (Sohu) and Jack Ma (founded e-commerce) have made unremitting efforts and actively promoted, opened up and continuously expanded my country's IT industry market, and promoted the development of related industries. Huang Ming used his knowledge and technology to develop solar energy utilization technologies and products through unremitting efforts, which not only opened up a vast solar energy utilization market for China, but also made significant contributions to mankind's use of renewable energy. Currently, more knowledge-based entrepreneurs are creating and leading the rapid development of knowledge-based industries through independent innovation, encouraged by national innovation strategies and policies.
3. Rapid growth in the short term.
Rapid growth means that the market value of a company continues to rise, generating huge wealth and more wealthy people in a short period of time. Microsoft is a typical example of relying on knowledge to start a business and continuously innovate to achieve rapid growth. According to the US "Forbes" magazine, Gates had assets of US$8.3 billion in 1994, US$12.9 billion in 1995, US$18 billion in 1996, and US$18 billion in 1997. 36.4 billion U.S. dollars. In 1998, his total assets had risen to 58 billion U.S. dollars. It is precisely based on this rapid growth that is different from traditional corporate growth methods that Microsoft's wealth has ranked first in the world for more than ten consecutive years. China's Baidu Inc. overnight produced multiple billionaires, dozens of multi-millionaires and hundreds of millionaires. At present, we can see many companies that rely on knowledge and technology to start businesses. They not only create huge wealth for society and bring benefits to consumers, but the process of creating wealth and the way of corporate growth are not gradual, but rapid in the short term. increase. The other is the rapid growth of brands. In the "2005 World's Most Influential Brands" announced, Google took more than 7 years to increase its brand value to US$8.461 billion, surpassing "century-old stores such as Siemens and Philips". "Leave it behind. It only took two years for Skype to go from unknown to a well-known global brand.
Behind the rapid surge in brand value, not only do they clearly understand the real needs of consumers, but more importantly, they quickly absorb new knowledge and create new technologies and products. We can learn from Chinese brands such as Lenovo, Baidu, and Alibaba etc., find the strength to rely on knowledge and wisdom to enable them to grow rapidly.
4. Lead the forefront of technological development and market demand.
Excellent entrepreneurial talents have a profound knowledge base. If they strive to enter the two forefronts, the chances of innovation will be greatly increased. "Draft on a Discrete Variable Automatic Electronic Computer" written by von Neumann in June 1945 proposed that programs and data should be stored in the computer's internal memory, and gave the basic architecture of a general-purpose electronic computer. These ideas were Known as the "von Neumann structure", computers have experienced tremendous development in the past 60 years, but they still have not broken away from the von Neumann structure. For another example, Microsoft launched MS windows in 1995 and built it on PC. Under the influence of positive feedback from the market on technology, MS windows continued to make major improvements, and its functions have always been far ahead. Microsoft has a famous saying, "Focus innovation on those features that customers are most willing to pay for." It is by relying on this kind of knowledge innovation, focusing on original innovation, and constantly making major improvements to suit user appetites that it has gained the competitiveness of its products. and market monopoly.
5. Rapid change.
Rapid change is a distinctive feature of knowledge entrepreneurship in the changing environment of economic globalization. They not only regard changes as opportunities and grasp the market direction and needs, but also are able to grasp the direction and rhythm of change and achieve amazing success in the change. Former Intel CEO Mr. Grove said, "The only constant is change." In order to have an efficient organizational structure that can adapt to changes and respond faster than its competitors, Motorola China has carried out changes in its organizational structure and corporate culture. Haier has proactively sought changes in its corporate spirit, style and overall strategy. Following its "famous brand strategy, diversification strategy and internationalization strategy", it is now entering the stage of "global brand strategy". Haier, Lenovo, etc. can adapt to changes in the rapidly changing economic environment and rely on knowledge and technology to continuously launch new products. It is their innovation that breaks the rules and caters to the rapid changes in trends that create "fast brands" and soaring brands. Miracle. Change concepts, change management, change technology, and change innovation have become important factors for them to stay ahead and continue to develop. As Tom Peters, known around the world as the "Business Pope," said, it is better to destroy the guts of your company and rebuild it in new, bold, and creative ways than to beat the old with the old. battle.
6. Support based on venture capital.
Venture investment is an investment method with limited partnership as the main form of investment aimed at promoting the transformation of high-tech innovative enterprises and research into a mature direction. Venture capitalists discover high-tech start-ups with potential, make equity investments and provide value-added services to help them grow and develop, thereby obtaining high returns. Many knowledge-based entrepreneurs at home and abroad have rapidly developed their businesses by obtaining venture capital. Venture capital also directly promotes the knowledge innovation activities of enterprises and has a special incubation effect, such as the emerging semiconductor industry in the United States in the 1960s, the biotechnology industry and personal computer industry in the 1970s, and the workstation and network industry in the 1980s. , the rise of the Internet in the 1990s is inseparable from the support of venture capital in these fields. In 1996, Sohu was established and grew with the support of MIT Negroponte Venture Capital, becoming my country's first Internet company founded with venture capital. 3721 Internet Company, which provides online real-name services to Chinese companies and helps companies build online signs, has attracted venture capital from Japan's JAFCO many times. In the "Challenge Cup" Entrepreneurship Plan Competition for Chinese College Students, some entrepreneurial teams received huge amounts of venture capital for their entrepreneurial projects with high technological content and good market prospects, realizing the commercialization of entrepreneurial ideals and knowledge products.
7. Gain competitive advantage by controlling intellectual property rights.
In a globalized environment, information, technology and talents have become key factors for new enterprises and the focus of competition among enterprises. In particular, through the possession of technology and intellectual property rights, they can gain advantages in the market. competitive position and control of the market. According to statistics, currently 86% of the world's R&D revenue and more than 90% of invention patents are in the hands of developed countries. With technological advantages and international rules based on technological advantages, developed countries and their multinational companies have formed a high level of world market monopoly, thereby obtaining a large amount of excess profits. In order to gain competitive advantages in intellectual property rights, Chinese companies are also actively participating in international competition in terms of talent and technical resources. For example, Alibaba has gained a dominant position in e-commerce by attracting IT elites from 17 countries. The reason why Haier has achieved sustained competitiveness in the market is that it continues to innovate independently and develops new technologies with independent intellectual property rights, thereby gaining sustained market advantages. During China's "Eleventh Five-Year Plan" period, independent innovation is regarded as a national scientific and technological innovation strategy, which will promote independent innovation of enterprises and enhance the knowledge innovation capabilities and international competitiveness of Chinese enterprises.