Prehistoric human cultural site, located in Hulu Cave, Tangshan, Nanjing. On March 13, 1993, a relatively complete ancient human skull fossil was unearthed in Hulu Cave, which attracted world attention. Archaeologists have discovered more than a dozen animal fossils here. According to scientific identification, this Nanjing ape man was born about 300,000 years ago. This has pushed forward the human history in Nanjing by more than 200,000 years. It also confirmed that the Yangtze River Basin It is one of the birthplaces of the Chinese nation. There are more than ten species of fossils found in Hulu Cave, including swollen-bone deer and spotted deer. Most of these animals lived in the middle Pleistocene epoch 150 million years ago. The discovery of the Ape Man Cave is a major archaeological breakthrough after the Ape Man Cave in Yunnan, Lantian in Shaanxi, Zhoukoudian in Beijing, and Hexian Man in Anhui. After 1995, it became a tourist attraction open to tourists. Basic introduction Chinese name: Nanjing Yuanman Cave Location: Nanjing Tangshan Hulu Cave Discovery time: March 13, 1993 Attributes: Introduction to prehistoric human cultural sites, archaeological discoveries, historical significance, transportation routes, scenic spot popularity index, introduction to the west of Tangshan Town, Nanjing There is a huge group of caves in Leigong Mountain, with a total area of ??tens of thousands of square meters. The Leigong Cave and Hulu Cave are open to tourists. On March 13, 1993, a relatively complete ancient human skull fossil was unearthed in Hulu Cave, which attracted world attention. Archaeologists have discovered more than a dozen animal fossils here. According to scientific identification, this Nanjing ape man was born about 300,000 years ago. This has pushed forward the human history in Nanjing by more than 200,000 years. It also confirmed that the Yangtze River Basin It is one of the birthplaces of the Chinese nation. There are more than ten species of fossils found in Hulu Cave, including swollen-bone deer and spotted deer. Most of these animals lived in the middle Pleistocene epoch 150 million years ago. The Nanjing Ape-Man Cave Scenic Area can be divided into six major parts, namely the stone wall carved spring landscape at the entrance, the ancient human stone carving garden at the foot of the mountain, the ancient human historical materials exhibition hall, the ape-man sculpture landscape on the cliff at the entrance of the cave, the natural cave landscape, and the bamboo garden leisure area. According to Professor Zhu's vision, this will become a "stone park" showing ancient humans in Nanjing and even the whole country. The funnel-shaped gap that was originally exposed on the stone cliff became a natural relief stone wall. According to on-site inspections, the human-head-shaped stones on the stone wall will be slightly carved to become 4-5 "Nanjing ape-man" heads. Unlike the Presidential Mountain in the United States, the ape-man heads avoid ax chisel marks and are integrated with the natural mountain rocks. In addition, on the top of the cave mountain, there are two or three giant bronze statues of ape-man hunting, serving as the giant symbol of the ape-man cave. Throughout the scenic area, you can see huts, stone tools, nest houses, cave houses and other Stone Age architectural sketches everywhere, which are full of history. The discovery of fossils discovered by archaeologists. One day in April 2005, it had just rained. Liu, a resident of Tangshan, was mining stones near Huludong and accidentally discovered several strange-looking "stones." After a closer look, he found that one of them looked very strange. Much like teeth. Thinking of the famous local "Nanjing ape man", Liu decided to send these stones to Nanjing Geology and Paleontology for "appraisal". About a year later, the identity of these stones was initially confirmed. They were probably the fossils of macaques or baboons dating back 1 million years ago. This discovery proved that "the Jiangsu and Anhui regions are the center of the birthplace of humans in East Asia." "One" view provides a stronger basis. The strange landscape in the cave is probably no one who doesn't know about the "Nanjing ape man". During quarrying in Hulu Cave in the Tangshan area, two skulls were accidentally discovered. After expert identification, they have attracted worldwide attention. The first person to see these fossils was researcher Xu Hankui of the Nanjing Institute of Geology and Paleontology. Judging from the physical objects he provided, these fossils were indeed "weird" in appearance. One of the fossils is well preserved, and 4 teeth are clearly visible on it. The teeth are large and sharp; the other fossil has an obvious scrape mark on it, and the surface of the mark is very smooth. Researcher Xu Hankui said that based on the appearance alone, it is impossible to determine whether these teeth are from ape-men, and the scratch marks are even more unexplainable.
Since ape-man fossils have always been "rare", even one tooth is extremely rare. Only three teeth of the famous Yuanmou Man in Yunnan were found, but it pushed the history of Chinese ape-man to 1.7 million years. In the past, only two "Nanking Man" skulls were found. Later, a molar fossil was found during official excavations. However, relevant experts believed that this tooth should belong to the teeth of Homo sapiens and not the teeth of Nanking Man. If this tooth fossil is really that of an ape, it would be a major discovery that would shock the world. Nanjing Ape Man Cave Fossil "Veil" Due to an urgent matter, researcher Xu Hankui took the fossil to the Beijing Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and Paleoanthropology. After looking at it, Academician Wu Xinzhi of the Institute thought that it did not look like ape man teeth, but more like baboon teeth, but better than Baboons have slightly larger teeth. In order to further clarify, he gave the fossil to his student, Dr. Wen, who was also unable to draw conclusions about the various strange phenomena of the fossil, so he handed the fossil to Dr. Chen Shengqian. At the end of March 2006, good news finally came from Beijing. After discussion by researchers, based on the geological age of the fossil, it may be 1 million years ago. Among them, the tooth fossils are likely to be the molars of the maxilla (upper mouth) of Macaque pei's; as for the scraped limb bone fossil, researchers think it seems to be that of a baboon; and why there is the scraped piece remains unknown to this day. There is no final word. These fossils are still in Beijing, and relevant experts said they need further study and comparison. Identification of Homo sapiens In June 2013, experts from the Chinese Academy of Sciences and the Institute of Paleoanthropology discovered through restoration and other technical research that skull No. 2 was not actually the ape man initially identified as previously identified, but another species of human being—Homo sapiens! This new discovery not only makes Nanjing's "Ape Man Cave" the only place in the world where two human species have been found at the same fossil site, but also provides a strong basis for the theory of human origins in multiple places. The Chinese did not originate in Africa. Researchers Zhang Yinyun and Liu Wu from the Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and Paleoanthropology of the Chinese Academy of Sciences used advanced computing software to finally identify the true identity of Skull No. 2! Through reduction, the skull was restored to its original shape as much as possible. It was found that the parietal area of ??the restored skull No. 2 was actually 113.5 square centimeters, far exceeding the range of 83.3-109.5 square centimeters for ape man, and even exceeding the 112.9 square centimeter standard for the parietal area of ??Homo sapiens. . At the same time, the two experts also discovered that the cranial volume of skull No. 2 after reset reached 1240.4 ml! Far exceeding the 500 ml of Australopithecus apes, and also exceeding the cranial volume standard of 800-1200 ml for ape man. It is much larger than the skulls of Zhoukoudian in Beijing, Hexian in Anhui, Lantian in Shaanxi, and skull No. 1 in Nanjing. By restoring the skull, the two experts found six pieces of evidence proving that the skull indeed belonged to Homo sapiens. Xu Hankui told reporters that cranial volume is crucial in identifying ancient humans. If the cranial volume data is accurate, it is almost certain that skull No. 2 is Homo sapiens, which is a different species from ape man. Xu Hankui, a researcher at the Nanjing Institute of Geology and Palaeontology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, said that human evolution can be roughly divided into four stages: ancient apes, Homo erectus (also commonly known as ape man), Homo sapiens, and modern humans. The age of skull No. 2 should be between 250,000 and 240,000 years ago, because Homo sapiens is generally divided into early Homo sapiens (between 250,000 and 40,000 years ago) and late Homo sapiens (between 50,000 and 11,000 years ago). "There are only 12 places where early Homo sapiens have been found in our country, which is much less than the 22 places where ape man has been found. The fossil sites of early Homo sapiens are really precious. Among those 12 places, only 1 or 2-3 teeth were found in 5 places. For example, in the famous Zhoukoudian in Beijing, only one tooth was found, and it was not found in the same place as the ape-man." Xu Hankui lamented that except for Hulu Cave in Nanjing, there are only five places in the world where two skulls or skulls can be found in the same place. , but only Beijing and Nanjing have skulls or craniums belonging to different periods at the same place. And only Nanjing can be found in the same place, where two human species, ape man and homo sapiens, are found. "It's amazing, it's incredible!" History Meaningful Restoration of History In 2003, the long-awaited restored statue of "Nanjing Man" was successfully restored at the Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and Paleoanthropology, Chinese Academy of Sciences in Beijing, based on the research results of scientists.
The distribution map of China's prehistoric cultural sites has been systematically studied by experts from multiple disciplines, comprehensively and systematically revealing the geographical and geological background of the Huludong ape-man site in Tangshan, Nanjing, Nanjing Homo erectus No. 1 and No. 2 skulls and their associated mammals, spores, pollen, and silicon plants. The evolution of body fossils and cave formation, and using stalagmite thermal ionization mass spectrometry technology and amino acid racemization dating data of mammalian tooth fossils, clarified the living environment and age of Homo erectus in Nanjing. Experts agree that the nature and age of Homo erectus and its associated mammals in Nanjing are similar to those of Homo erectus (Peking man) and its associated mammals in Beijing. Hulu Cave in Tangshan, Nanjing and the first site in Zhoukoudian, Beijing belong to the same period. Ancient human sites. Based on the research results of experts, Academician Wu Xinzhi and engineers from the Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and Paleoanthropology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, successfully restored the entire head of Nanjing Homo erectus 1. Famous Chinese paleoanthropologists Wu Rukang and Academician Li Xingxue made a special trip to Nanjing to carefully observe and measure the "Nanjing Man" skull, and made models back to Beijing for in-depth study. He himself came twice specifically. After the experts restored the skull, they found that Nanjing Man Skull No. 1 was that of a woman in her prime between 21 and 35 years old, who may have suffered from periostitis during her lifetime. She has many morphological characteristics of Pekingese Homo erectus and is genetically related to ancient human fossils from different eras in China. Interestingly, the tall nose bridge and maxillary frontal process of Skull No. 1 are rarely seen in other human fossils in China, but appear more in European human fossils, indicating that "Nanjing Man" may have had similarities with ancient people from other regions during the evolution process. The phenomenon of human hybridization. Skull No. 2 of Nanjing Man is that of a mature male, in the transitional stage from Homo erectus to Homo sapiens. The midsagittal ridge on the frontal bone of Skull No. 2 is low and wide, similar to that of European and African Homo erectus and early Homo sapiens. Experts believe that Nanjing Man 1 and 2 skulls provide new important fossil evidence for the hypothesis of continuous evolution of ancient Chinese humans with hybridization and the multi-regional origin of modern humans. Hypothetical map of Nanjing ape-man restoration. Experts also used thermal ionization mass spectrometry dating and other scientific and technological methods to speculate that the Tangshan area had a dry and cold climate at that time, and the ancient Yangtze River froze in winter. Nanjing ape-man lived in the middle Pleistocene ice age. According to the age of stalagmites growing in the cave and the dating of calcium plates, the accumulation of Hulu Cave began 500,000 years ago, and the cave entrance was closed 100,000 years ago. Therefore, the mystery about the age of the skulls of "Nanjing Man" has also been solved. Skull No. 1 of Nanjing Man is about 500,000 years ago, while skull No. 2 is about 240,000 years ago. The "multiple origins" theory of human beings Although they are not Nanjing ape man fossils, these fossils can show that the Jiangsu and Anhui areas were very suitable for the growth and reproduction of apes one million years ago. Previously, academician Wu Xinzhi, a Chinese paleoanthropologist, and scholars from the United States and Australia have long jointly proposed the multi-place origin theory that humans originated in both Africa and East Asia. Many scholars believe that the Jiangsu and Anhui regions are the origins of humans in East Asia. one of the centers. At present, the earliest primate bone fossil discovered in China is in Qianshan, Anhui, dating back more than 60 million years ago; Auropod sinensis dating back 45 million years ago was discovered in Liyang area; another one appeared in Shuanggou, Sihong 15 million to 10 million years ago The Shuanggou Drunken Ape was discovered in 2007; and stone tools dating back 2.4 million years were discovered in Fanchang, Anhui, indicating that it had entered the ape-man period. Later, "early Homo sapiens" from 200,000 years ago appeared in Chaohu, Anhui; and "late Homo sapiens" from 30,000 to 40,000 years ago appeared in Zhenjiang and Sihong. In areas like Anhui and Jiangsu, fossils showing the complete evolution process from primates to apes to apes and Homo sapiens have been discovered. These provide strong support for the hypothesis that the Jiangsu and Anhui regions are the birthplace of humans in East Asia. evidence. Transportation Route Nanjing Yuanren Cave is located in Leigong Mountain, Tangshan Town, Nanjing. About 25 kilometers from the city. 1. At Nanjing Station, take the Zhongbei Bus Nantang Line and get off at Tangshan Cave Station. 2. From Jiangning Jinbao Market, take Xincheng Bus Jintang Line and get off at Tangshan Cave Station. 3. Take bus 123 and get off at Tangshan Cave Station. The starting point of Route 123 is not in the city, so you need to take Route 55 in the city. Scenic area heat index The scenic area heat index is calculated based on the historical flow of people in the scenic area. Among the data displayed in the past 30 days, the data today and after are forecast values. In order to eliminate abnormal data and ensure accuracy, recent data will be regularly checked and traced back, which may cause data fluctuations.
| ?Partner: Baidu Map In the past 30 days In the past year The average value of the heat index in the past 30 days is 88.72 The average value of the heat index in the past year is 68.59