LAMP, loop-mediated isothermal amplification, the English name is loop-mediated isothermal amplification, is a new nucleic acid amplification method, which is characterized by designing 4 specific primers for 6 regions of the target gene , under the action of strand displacement DNA polymerase (Bst DNA polymerase), constant temperature amplification at 60--65℃ can achieve 10^9 to 10^10 times nucleic acid amplification in about 15-60 minutes
< p>The basic principle of PCR technology is similar to the natural replication process of DNA, and its specificity relies on oligonucleotide primers that are complementary to both ends of the target sequence. PCR consists of three basic reaction steps: denaturation-annealing-extension: ① Denaturation of template DNA: After the template DNA is heated to about 93°C for a certain period of time, the double-stranded DNA of the template DNA or the double-stranded DNA formed by PCR amplification is dissociated and turned into a single strand so that it can combine with the primer for the next round. Preparation for the reaction; ② Annealing (renaturation) of template DNA and primers: After the template DNA is heated and denatured into a single strand, the temperature drops to about 55°C, and the primer pairs with the complementary sequence of the template DNA single strand; ③ Primer extension: Under the action of TaqDNA polymerase, the DNA template-primer conjugate uses dNTP as the reaction raw material and the target sequence as the template. According to the principle of base complementary pairing and semi-conservative replication, a new semi-conservative copy complementary to the template DNA strand is synthesized. By repeating the three processes of denaturation-annealing-extension, more "semi-retained replication strands" can be obtained, and this new chain can become the template for the next cycle. It takes 2 to 4 minutes to complete each cycle. The gene to be amplified can be amplified millions of times in 2 to 3 hours.