1. Albert Einstein
March 14, 1879 - April 18, 1955, born in Ulm, Kingdom of Württemberg, Germany, graduated Jewish physicist at ETH Zurich. He graduated from the Federal Institute of Technology in Zurich in 1900 and became a Swiss citizen.
In 1905, Einstein received a doctorate in philosophy from the University of Zurich. He proposed the photon hypothesis and successfully explained the photoelectric effect. As a result, he won the 1921 Nobel Prize in Physics and founded the special theory of relativity in 1905. Founded the general theory of relativity in 1915. Died on April 18, 1955, at the age of 76.
Einstein laid the theoretical foundation for the development of nuclear energy and ushered in a new era of modern science and technology. He is recognized as the greatest physicist since Galileo and Newton. On December 26, 1999, Einstein was selected as the "Great Man of the Century" by Time Magazine.
2. Stephen William Hawking
January 8, 1942 to March 14, 2018, born in Oxford, England, a famous physicist at the University of Cambridge, England, and the most famous modern physicist. One of the great physicists and one of the internationally renowned figures of the 20th century.
In 1963, when Hawking was 21 years old, he suffered from amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (Lou Gehrig's disease). He was paralyzed, unable to speak, and only three fingers on his hands could move. He served as Lucas Professor of Mathematics from 1979 to 2009. His main research areas were cosmology and black holes. He proved the singularity theorem and black hole area theorem of general relativity, and proposed the black hole evaporation theory and the boundaryless Hawking universe model.
It has taken an important step in unifying the two basic theories of physics in the 20th century - the theory of relativity founded by Einstein and the quantum mechanics founded by Planck. Received honors such as CH (British Lord of Honor), CBE (Commander of the Order of the British Empire), FRS (Member of the Royal Society), FRSA (Member of the Royal Society of Arts), etc.
3. Thomas Alva Edison
February 11, 1847 - October 18, 1931, born in Milan, Ohio, USA, died in West New Jersey, USA Orange. Inventor, entrepreneur.
Edison was the first person in human history to use mass production principles and electrical engineering research laboratories to engage in invention patents that had a profound impact on the world. His inventions of the phonograph, movie camera, and electric light had a great impact on the world. He made more than 2,000 inventions in his lifetime and held more than 1,000 patents. Edison was ranked ninth among the 100 most influential people in the United States by the authoritative American journal "The Atlantic Monthly".
4. Nicolaus Copernicus
February 19, 1473 - May 24, 1543, at the age of 70, was a Polish astronomer during the Renaissance. Mathematician, doctor of canon law, priest.
When Copernicus was 40 years old, he proposed the heliocentric theory, which denied the authority of the church and changed mankind's view of nature and itself. At that time, the Roman Catholic Church believed that his heliocentric theory violated the Bible. Copernicus still firmly believed in the heliocentric theory and believed that it was not inconsistent with it. After many years of observation and calculation, he completed his great work "On the Revolution of the Celestial Bodies".
Copernicus's "heliocentric theory" corrected people's view of the universe. Copernicus was a giant of the European Renaissance. He devoted his life to the study of astronomy and left a valuable legacy for future generations.
5. Marie Curie
November 7, 1867 - July 4, 1934, born in Warsaw, known as "Madame Curie" in the world, her full name is Maria. Maria Sk?odowska Curie, a famous French Polish scientist, physicist, and chemist.
In 1903, the Curies and Becquerel won the Nobel Prize in Physics together for their research on radioactivity. In 1911, they won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry again for the discovery of the elements polonium and radium. Thus becoming the first person in the world to win two Nobel Prizes.
Marie Curie’s achievements include pioneering the theory of radioactivity, inventing technology for separating radioactive isotopes, and discovering two new elements, polonium and radium. Under her guidance, radioactive isotopes were used for the first time to treat cancer. Due to long-term exposure to radioactive substances, Marie Curie died of malignant leukemia on July 3, 1934.