The history of motor development Oster discovered electromagnetism (1820)- Faraday's electromagnetic rotation experiment (invented motor model)-Neradi discovered electromagnetic induction (invented generator model)-Faraday concurrently worked as an enterprise consultant to develop permanent magnet electricity-Siemens invented excitation motor-Gram invented DC generator and motor-Ezra invented AC motor and motor-1 end of the century, The production line of Volt Motor Company appeared in American electric machine tools, and the generation and formation of DC engine Pixii: the first permanent magnet DC generator: Siemens: self-excited DC generator: Gram: ring armature DC generator. 1820, Danish physicist hans christian oersted (1777- 185 1) discovered the current magnetic effect: one end of a wire is connected with the positive electrode of a galvani battery, and the wire is placed parallel to the north-south direction of a small magnetic needle. When the other end of the wire is connected to the negative electrode, the magnetic needle immediately points to the east-west direction. Non-magnetic objects, such as glass plates, sawdust, stones, etc. Inserted between the wire and the magnetic pole, even if a small magnetic needle is immersed in a copper box filled with water, the magnetic needle will still deflect. Subsequently, Ampere established Ampere's law by summarizing the mechanical force of current in magnetic field. 182 1 September, Faraday discovered that the electrified wire can rotate around the permanent magnet, and the magnet moves around the current-carrying conductor, which realized the transformation from electromagnetic motion to mechanical motion for the first time, thus establishing a laboratory model of the motor, which is considered to be the first motor in the world. Inject mercury into a plate, fix a permanent magnet in the center of the plate, and hang a wire above the plate. One end of the wire can move in mercury, and the other end is connected to one end of the battery. The other end of the battery is connected with the polar plate to form a conductive loop, and the current-carrying wire is forced to move in the magnetic field. 1822, arago Gay-Lussac, a Frenchman, invented the electromagnet, that is, the iron block in it was magnetized by winding current. 1825, W.sturgeon made the first electromagnet with 16 turns of wire.
1829, Henry, an electrician in Main, made some innovations in sturgeon electromagnet device. Insulated wires replace bare copper wires, so there is no need to worry about being short-circuited by copper wires too close. Because of the insulating layer, the wires can be tightly wound round and round, and the denser the coils, the stronger the magnetic field, which greatly improves the ability of converting electric energy into magnetic energy. By 183 1, Henry has developed a newer electromagnet. Although it is small, it can absorb 1 ton of iron. 1826, Sister Ou proposed the law of circuit experiment-Sister Ou's law. 183 1 year, Faraday discovered the phenomenon of electromagnetic induction, and he used electromagnetic induction to invent the world's first real motor-Faraday disk generator. The structure of this power generation mechanism is different from that of modern generators. It is not a coil that rotates in the magnetic field, but a disk made of copper. A crank is fixed at the center of the circle, and the edge and the center of the disc are attached to a brush respectively, and the brush and the ammeter are connected by wires: a copper disc is placed in the magnetic field of a shoe-shaped permanent magnet, and when the crank is rotated, the pointer of the ammeter inclines to one side, and a continuous current is generated in the circuit. In the summer of the same year, Henry improved Faraday's motor model and made a simple device (oscillating motor). The moving parts of the device are electromagnets that move in the vertical direction. When the wires at both ends of them are alternately connected with two batteries, the polarity of the electromagnet automatically changes, and the electromagnet and the water magnet attract or repel each other, so that the electromagnet moves up and down at a speed of 75 cycles per minute. The significance of Henry motor is that it shows the continuous motion attracted by the repulsion of magnetic poles for the first time, and it is the real application of electromagnet in motor. 1832, sturgeon invented the commutator, improved Henry's oscillating motor on this basis, and manufactured the world's first rotating motor capable of producing continuous motion. Later, he also made a shunt DC motor. ?