Gasoline is made from crude oil fractionation and heavy distillation. In the process of crude oil processing, distillation, catalytic cracking, thermal cracking, hydrocracking, catalytic reforming, alkylation and other devices all produce gasoline components, but the octane number is different, such as straight-run gasoline, which cannot be used as engine fuel alone.
In addition, the sulfur content of impurities is also different, so it is necessary to desulfurize and refine the gasoline components with high sulfur content, then blend the above gasoline components and add high octane number components if necessary, and finally get the gasoline products that meet the national standards.
Extended data
Gasoline is one of the most commonly used light petroleum products and an important fuel for engines.
According to the manufacturing process, gasoline components can be divided into straight-run gasoline, thermal cracking gasoline (coking gasoline), catalytic cracking gasoline, catalytic reforming gasoline, superimposed gasoline, hydrocracking gasoline, alkylated gasoline and synthetic gasoline.
Gasoline products can be divided into aviation gasoline, automobile gasoline and solvent gasoline according to their uses. The first two kinds are mainly used as fuels for gasoline engines, which are widely used in automobiles, motorcycles, speedboats, helicopters, agricultural and forestry planes and so on.
The organic compound that can be safely and practically used as gasoline is ethanol.
Ethanol is a flammable, volatile, colorless and transparent liquid at normal temperature and pressure, and its toxicity is low, so pure liquid cannot be directly drunk. It has a special fragrance and is slightly irritating; Slightly sweet with pungent taste. Flammable, its vapor can form an explosive mixture with air and can be miscible with water in any proportion.
As early as19th century, modern bioenergy ethanol appeared. 1902 Deutz Flammable Engine Factory13 Heavy duty locomotives use pure ethanol as fuel, 1925 to 1945 add ethanol as antiknock agent in gasoline. It can be said that safety and cleanliness are the main advantages of ethanol.
The first generation of bioenergy is ethanol, which is obtained by fermenting starch or sucrose with cereals or sugarcane as raw materials, and microorganisms play a vital role in it. Bioethanol fermentation is the largest microbial fermentation process at present.
Ethanol can be blended into gasoline as automobile fuel. Ethanol gasoline has been sold in the United States for 20 years, and sorghum ethanol accounts for 65,438+00% of gasoline in China.
Ethanol gasoline, also known as "e-gasoline", is a mixture of 90% ordinary gasoline and 10% fuel ethanol in China, which can improve the performance and quality of oil products and reduce the emissions of main pollutants such as carbon monoxide and hydrocarbons.
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