Aldosterone has many pathophysiological effects, which can cause central hypertension, accelerate endothelial injury, reduce heart rate variability, induce ventricular arrhythmia, promote sodium retention, potassium and magnesium loss, promote myocardial fibrosis, necrosis and inflammation, and damage fibrinolytic system.
Spironolactone is a non-selective aldosterone receptor antagonist, which can reduce the mortality of patients with congestive heart failure, but its application in the treatment of hypertension is limited by sex hormone-related side effects such as male mammary gland hyperplasia.