What are the parts of composite materials and what are the functions of each part?

The composite material interface refers to the significant change in chemical composition between the matrix and reinforcement materials of the composite material. Tiny areas that combine with each other and can transmit loads. Current research is still at a semi-quantitative and semi-empirical level. The earliest composite material interface was imagined as a layer without thickness (or monolayer surface). In fact, the interface of laminated materials is a new phase with a certain thickness (above nanometers), a structure that varies with the matrix and reinforcement, and is significantly different from the matrix - the interface phase (or interface layer). Because when the reinforcement and the matrix come into contact with each other, under the influence of certain conditions, chemical reactions or physical and chemical reactions may occur, such as mutual diffusion and dissolution of elements between the two phases, thereby producing a new phase different from the original two phases; even if no reaction occurs , diffusion, dissolution, and also due to the internal stress generated by the solidification and solidification of the matrix, or due to the induction effect of the tissue structure, resulting in structural changes or changes in the stacking density of the matrix close to the reinforcement, thus leading to this regional The performance of the matrix is ??different from the bulk performance of the matrix, forming an interface phase. The interface phase also includes a surface treatment agent layer pre-coated on the surface of the reinforcement and a surface layer in which the reinforcement reacts through a surface treatment process. Therefore, a new concept of the existence of independent phases at the interface of composite materials must be established. The structure and performance of the interface phase of composite materials have a great influence on the overall performance of composite materials. To improve composite performance, interface design and control must be considered. The residual stress existing in the interface phase of structural composite materials is caused by the solidification or solidification shrinkage of the matrix and the mismatch of thermal expansion coefficients between the two phases. Regardless of the magnitude and direction of the stress, it will affect the behavior of the composite material under load, such as causing significant differences in the tensile and compression performance of the composite material. The function of the structural composite material interface is to transfer the stress on the matrix to the reinforcement when the composite material is loaded. This requires the interface phase to have sufficient bonding strength, and the mutual infiltration of the two phase surfaces is a prerequisite. However, the interface layer does not have to be as strong as possible, but must have an appropriate bonding strength, because the interface phase also has another function, which is to be able to debond under certain stress conditions and at the same time enable the reinforcement to be pulled out of the matrix. and rub against each other. The work done by increasing the surface energy due to debonding, the pull-out work and the friction work all increase the failure work and help to improve the failure behavior of the composite material, that is, to increase its strength. As for the role of the interface phase in functional composite materials, there is currently little research, but experiments have confirmed that the role of the interface phase in functional composite materials is also important. Characterization In order to understand the role of the interface and the impact of the interface structure on the overall performance of the material, it is necessary to first characterize the chemical and physical structure, thickness and morphology, bonding strength and residual stress of the interface phase, so as to find out the relationship between them and the performance of the composite material. relationship between. The chemical structure of the interface phase includes constituent elements, valence states and their distribution. Its characterization can be achieved with the help of many advanced instruments used in solid state physics, such as Auger electron spectroscopy (AES, SAM), electron probe (EP), X-ray electron spectrometer (X PS), and scanning secondary ion mass spectrometer (S SIMS). , Electron energy loss spectrometer (EELS, PEELS), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), micro-Raman spectroscopy (MRS), expansion kit X-ray absorption fine structure spectroscopy (E XAFS), etc. Since the interface phase is sometimes only a nanometer-scale microdomain, and some have very complex compositions (especially metal and ceramic matrix composites), it is not yet possible to say which method can satisfactorily provide all the chemical information about the interface phase of composite materials. Information. This is because the beam spots of some of these methods are too large, far exceeding the size of the interface micro-area; some can only provide information about the elements but cannot know the valence state of the elements; some can cause surface damage to some observed objects, etc. There are all kinds of limitations. Therefore, it is still necessary to study appropriate new methods or the combined use of several methods. There are also many methods to characterize the morphology and thickness of the interface phase, such as transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM).

A new method, angular scanning X-ray reflectance spectroscopy (GAXP), can determine the thickness of the interface phase of metal matrix and ceramic matrix composites. But these methods are also difficult to measure. There are basically 5 methods to characterize the interfacial bonding strength, namely the monofilament pull-out method, the monofilament breaking length method embedded in the matrix, the micro (monofilament) extrusion method, and the spherical (or conical) indenter pressure method. Mark method, conventional three-point bending and shearing method, etc. The first two methods can only characterize the behavior of single-filament composite materials; although the latter three methods characterize composite materials, they each have their own shortcomings. Moreover, the data measured by various methods are very different. The spherical indentation method and three-point bending shear...

What are composite materials?

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Composite materials (posite materials) are composed of two or more materials with different properties through physical or chemical methods, which have new macroscopic properties. Efficient materials. Various materials complement each other in terms of performance, creating a synergistic effect, making the overall performance of the composite material better than that of the original component materials to meet various requirements. The matrix materials of composite materials are divided into two categories: metal and non-metal. Commonly used metal substrates include aluminum, magnesium, copper, titanium and their alloys. Non-metallic substrates mainly include synthetic resin, rubber, ceramics, graphite, carbon, etc. Reinforcement materials mainly include glass fiber, carbon fiber, boron fiber, aramid fiber, silicon carbide fiber, asbestos fiber, whiskers, metal wire and hard fine particles.

A composite material is a mixture. Composite materials are divided into metal and metal composite materials, non-metal and metal composite materials, and non-metal and non-metal composite materials according to their composition. According to their structural characteristics, they are divided into: ① Fiber composite materials. It is composed of various fiber reinforcements placed in the matrix material. Such as fiber reinforced plastics, fiber reinforced metals, etc. ②Sandwich composite materials. It is composed of surface materials and core materials with different properties. Usually the surface material is high in strength and thin; the core material is light and low in strength, but has a certain stiffness and thickness. It is divided into two types: solid sandwich and honeycomb sandwich. ③Fine-grained composite materials. Distribute hard fine particles evenly in the matrix, such as dispersion-strengthened alloys, cermets, etc. ④Hybrid composite materials. It consists of two or more reinforcing phase materials mixed in one matrix phase material. Compared with ordinary single-reinforced phase composite materials, its impact strength, fatigue strength and fracture toughness are significantly improved, and it has special thermal expansion performance. It is divided into intra-layer hybrid, inter-layer hybrid, sandwich hybrid, intra-layer/inter-layer hybrid and ultra-hybrid composite materials.

The molding methods of composite materials vary depending on the matrix material. There are many molding methods for resin-based composite materials, including hand lay-up molding, injection molding, fiber winding molding, compression molding, pultrusion molding, RTM molding, autoclave molding, diaphragm molding, migration into composite cable bracket type, and reaction injection Molding, soft film expansion molding, stamping molding, etc. Metal matrix composite molding methods are divided into solid phase molding methods and liquid phase molding methods. The former is formed by applying pressure at a temperature lower than the melting point of the matrix, including diffusion welding, powder metallurgy, hot rolling, hot drawing, hot isostatic pressing and explosion welding. The latter is to melt the matrix and then fill it into the reinforcement material, including traditional casting, vacuum suction casting, vacuum back pressure casting, squeeze casting and spray casting. The molding methods of ceramic matrix composites mainly include solid phase sintering, chemical Vapor infiltration molding, chemical vapor deposition molding, etc.

The main application fields of composite materials are: ①Aerospace field. Due to their good thermal stability, high specific strength and specific stiffness, composite materials can be used to manufacture aircraft wings and front fuselages, satellite antennas and their supporting structures, solar cell wings and shells, verton composite shells of large launch vehicles, and engines. Shell, space shuttle structural parts, etc. ②Automotive industry. Since composite materials have special vibration damping characteristics, they can reduce vibration and noise, have good fatigue resistance, are easy to repair after damage, and facilitate overall forming. Therefore, they can be used to manufacture automobile bodies, stressed components, drive shafts, engine frames and their interiors. member. ③Chemical, textile and machinery manufacturing fields. Materials composed of carbon fiber and resin matrix with good corrosion resistance can be used to manufacture chemical equipment, textile machines, paper machines, photocopiers, high-speed machine tools, precision instruments, etc. ④Medical field.

Carbon fiber composite materials have excellent mechanical properties and non-absorbing X-ray properties, and can be used to manufacture medical X-ray machines and orthopedic brackets. Carbon fiber composite materials also have biological tissue compatibility and blood compatibility. They have good stability in biological environments and are also used as biomedical materials. In addition, composite materials are also used to manufacture sports equipment and as building materials.

What does composite material include?

Composite materials (posite materials) are composed of one material as the matrix (Matrix) and another material as the reinforcement (rercement). Material. Various materials complement each other in terms of performance, creating a synergistic effect, making the overall performance of the composite material better than that of the original component materials to meet various requirements. The matrix materials of composite materials are divided into two categories: metal and non-metal. Commonly used metal substrates include aluminum, magnesium, copper, titanium and their alloys. Non-metallic substrates mainly include synthetic resin, rubber, ceramics, graphite, carbon, etc. Reinforcement materials mainly include glass fiber, carbon fiber, boron fiber, aramid fiber, silicon carbide fiber, asbestos fiber, whiskers, metal wire and hard fine particles. Macromolecular material, a material based on polymer compounds. Including rubber, plastics, fibers, coatings, adhesives and polymer-based composite materials. Alloy alloy is a substance with metallic properties composed of a metal and another (or several) metals or non-metals. Generally obtained by fusing to form a homogeneous liquid and solidifying. According to the number of constituent elements, they can be divided into binary alloys, ternary alloys and multi-element alloys. China is one of the earliest countries in the world to research and produce alloys. In the Shang Dynasty (more than 3,000 years ago), bronze (copper-tin alloy) technology was already very developed; around the 6th century BC (late Spring and Autumn Period), forging (also known as copper-tin alloy) was already in progress. Heat treatment) to produce a sharp sword (steel product). This is just a simple concept. There are many specific points in research and production. You can check the relevant professional books. Generally, the first-level disciplines of materials science and engineering and the sub-disciplines below will mention it

What are the classifications of composite materials?

Composite materials are divided into metal and metal composite materials, non-metal and metal composite materials, and non-metal and non-metal composite materials according to their composition. According to their structural characteristics, they are divided into:

① Fiber composite materials. It is composed of various fiber reinforcements placed in the matrix material. Such as fiber reinforced plastics, fiber reinforced metals, etc.

②Sandwich composite materials. It is composed of surface materials and core materials with different properties. Usually the surface material is high in strength and thin; the core material is light and low in strength, but has a certain stiffness and thickness. It is divided into two types: solid sandwich and honeycomb sandwich.

③Fine-grained composite materials. Distribute hard fine particles evenly in the matrix, such as dispersion-strengthened alloys, cermets, etc.

④Hybrid composite materials. It consists of two or more reinforcing phase materials mixed in one matrix phase material. Compared with ordinary single-reinforced phase composite materials, its impact strength, fatigue strength and fracture toughness are significantly improved, and it has special thermal expansion performance. Divided into intra-layer hybrid, inter-layer hybrid, sandwich hybrid, intra-layer/inter-layer hybrid and super hybrid composite materials

Classification of composite materials

Composite material is a mixture. It has played a great role in many fields and replaced many traditional materials. Composite materials are divided into metal and metal composite materials, non-metal and metal composite materials, and non-metal and non-metal composite materials according to their composition. According to their structural characteristics, they are divided into: ① Fiber reinforced composite materials. It is composed of various fiber reinforcements placed in the matrix material. Such as fiber reinforced plastics, fiber reinforced metals, etc. ②Sandwich composite materials. It is composed of surface materials and core materials with different properties. Usually the surface material is high in strength and thin; the core material is light and low in strength, but has a certain stiffness and thickness. It is divided into two types: solid sandwich and honeycomb sandwich. ③Fine-grained composite materials. Distribute hard fine particles evenly in the matrix, such as dispersion-strengthened alloys, cermets, etc. ④Hybrid composite materials. It consists of two or more reinforcing phase materials mixed in one matrix phase material.

Compared with ordinary single-reinforced phase composite materials, its impact strength, fatigue strength and fracture toughness are significantly improved, and it has special thermal expansion performance. It is divided into intra-layer hybrid, inter-layer hybrid, sandwich hybrid, intra-layer/inter-layer hybrid and ultra-hybrid composite materials. Composite materials can be mainly divided into two categories: structural composite materials and functional composite materials. Structural composite materials are materials used as load-bearing structures. They are basically composed of reinforcement components that can withstand loads and matrix components that can connect the reinforcements to become a whole material and also transmit force. Reinforcements include various types of glass, ceramics, carbon, polymers, metals, natural fibers, fabrics, whiskers, sheets and particles, etc., while the matrix includes polymers (resins), metals, ceramics, glass, carbon and Cement etc. A wide variety of structural composite materials can be composed of different reinforcements and different matrices, and are named after the matrix used, such as polymer (resin)-based composite materials. The characteristic of structural composite materials is that component material selection and design can be carried out according to the stress requirements of the material in use. More importantly, composite structure design, that is, reinforcement arrangement design, can reasonably meet the needs and save materials. Functional composite materials are generally composed of functional components and matrix components. The matrix not only plays a role in forming the whole, but also can produce synergy or enhance functions. Functional composite materials refer to composite materials that provide other physical performance in addition to mechanical performance. Such as: conductive, superconducting, semiconducting, magnetic, piezoelectric, damping, wave absorption, wave transmission, friction, shielding, flame retardant, heat protection, sound absorption, heat insulation, etc. to highlight a certain function. Collectively called functional composite materials. Functional composite materials are mainly composed of functional bodies, reinforcements and matrix. The functional body can be composed of one or more functional materials. Multifunctional composite materials can have multiple functions. At the same time, it is also possible that new functions will be generated due to compound effects. Multifunctional composite materials are the development direction of functional composite materials. Composite materials can also be divided into common and advanced categories. Commonly used composite materials such as fiberglass are composed of low-efficiency reinforcements such as glass fibers and ordinary polymers (resins). Due to its low price and large-scale development, it has been widely used in ships, vehicles, chemical pipelines and storage tanks, building structures, sporting goods, etc. Advanced composite materials refer to composite materials composed of high-performance reinforcements such as carbon fiber, aramid, and high-performance heat-resistant polymers. Later, metal-based, ceramic-based, carbon (graphite)-based and functional composite materials were also included. Although their performance is excellent, their prices are relatively high. They are mainly used in the defense industry, aerospace, precision machinery, deep submersibles, robot structural parts and high-end sporting goods.

What are composite materials? What are its uses?

Composite materials are materials with new properties that are composed of two or more materials with different properties through physical or chemical methods. Various materials complement each other in terms of performance, creating a synergistic effect, making the overall performance of the composite material better than that of the original component materials to meet various requirements.

Classification of composite materials: The matrix materials of composite materials are divided into two categories: metal and non-metal.

Commonly used metal substrates include aluminum, magnesium, copper, titanium and their alloys.

Non-metallic substrates mainly include synthetic resin, rubber, ceramics, graphite, carbon, etc.

Reinforcement materials mainly include glass fiber, carbon fiber, boron fiber, aramid fiber, silicon carbide fiber, asbestos fiber, whiskers, metal wire and hard fine particles. The main application fields of composite materials are: 1. Aerospace field. Due to their good thermal stability, high specific strength and specific stiffness, composite materials can be used to manufacture aircraft wings and front fuselages, satellite antennas and their supporting structures, solar cell wings and casings, large launch vehicle casings, engine casings, etc. Space shuttle structural parts, etc. 2. Automotive industry. Since composite materials have special vibration damping characteristics, they can reduce vibration and noise, have good fatigue resistance, are easy to repair after damage, and facilitate overall forming. Therefore, they can be used to manufacture automobile bodies, stressed components, drive shafts, engine frames and their interiors. member. 3. Chemical industry, textile and machinery manufacturing fields. Materials composed of carbon fiber and resin matrix with good corrosion resistance can be used to manufacture chemical equipment, textile machines, paper machines, photocopiers, high-speed machine tools, precision instruments, etc. 4. Medical field.

What does composite material mean?

Composite materials are mechanical engineering materials composed of two or more different materials. Various component materials can complement each other in terms of performance, creating a synergistic effect, making the overall performance of the composite material better than that of the original component materials, thus meeting various requirements.

What are resin-based composite materials made of, and what are their main raw materials?

1. Resins and various additives

① Thermosetting resins mainly include: phenolic (thermosetting), unsaturated polyester, polyurethane, epoxy, polyimide, polysulfone etc.

② Thermoplastic resins mainly include: polypropylene, polyethylene, polyvinyl chloride, phenolic (thermoplastic), etc.

③Auxiliary agents include: pigments, accelerators, curing agents ( Initiator), cross-linking agent/diluent (one substance can play two roles, such as styrene in resin), polymerization inhibitor, photosensitizer, release agent, low shrinkage agent, etc.

2. Reinforcement materials

Glass fiber, glass fiber cloth, glass fiber felt, carbon fiber, aramid fiber, polyester fiber, metal fiber, etc.

3 , fillers

Fillers are mainly added to improve product performance (such as rigidity, shrinkage, corrosion resistance, toughness, electromagnetic heat, etc.) and reduce processing costs. Do you need to add it specifically and add it to the test product? It depends on the requirements and process conditions

4. Processing technology

Hand lay-up, pultrusion, molding, winding, spraying, injection, etc.

The advantages of composite materials are The designability of materials and structures, the selection of materials should be based on the performance requirements of the product~~

What are composite materials?

Composite materials (posite materials) are materials with new properties that are composed of two or more materials with different properties through physical or chemical methods. Various materials complement each other in terms of performance, creating a synergistic effect, making the overall performance of the composite material better than that of the original component materials to meet various requirements. The matrix materials of composite materials are divided into two categories: metal and non-metal. Commonly used metal substrates include aluminum, magnesium, copper, titanium and their alloys. Non-metallic substrates mainly include synthetic resin, rubber, ceramics, graphite, carbon, etc. Reinforcement materials are mainly based on glass fiber, carbon fiber, boron fiber, aramid fiber, silicon carbide fiber, asbestos fiber, whiskers, metal wire and hard fine particles.

Housings, engine casings, space shuttle structural parts, etc. ②Automotive industry. Since composite materials have special vibration damping characteristics, they can reduce vibration and noise, have good fatigue resistance, are easy to repair after damage, and facilitate overall forming. Therefore, they can be used to manufacture automobile bodies, stressed components, drive shafts, engine frames and their interiors. member. ③Chemical, textile and machinery manufacturing fields. Materials composed of carbon fiber and resin matrix with good corrosion resistance can be used to manufacture chemical equipment, textile machines, paper machines, photocopiers, high-speed machine tools, precision instruments, etc. ④Medical field. Carbon fiber composite materials have excellent mechanical properties and non-absorbing X-ray properties, and can be used to manufacture medical X-ray machines and orthopedic brackets. Carbon fiber composite materials also have biological tissue compatibility and blood compatibility. They have good stability in biological environments and are also used as biomedical materials. In addition, composite materials are also used to manufacture sports equipment and as building materials.

What two parts does composite material consist of

Reinforcement material (fiber) Matrix material (resin)