See: "Picking chrysanthemums under the east fence, leisurely seeing Nanshan" (Four times in the standard experimental textbook "China Gardens Six" by People's Education Edition, "Accumulate over a long period").
Note: "Four Books" refers to the second volume of the fourth grade, which is selected from the curriculum standard experimental textbook of People's Education Press, the same below. "See cattle and sheep when the wind blows" (the folk song "Chile Song" in the Northern Dynasty); As the old saying goes, "Read it a hundred times and you will know what you mean". The word "see" in the previous sentence is a common word, which means "attending" and "appearing", so "ii an" is read as "xi an". In See (lesson 13) and Night Book, the word "see" in Qiu Si Watching the Autumn Wind in Luoyang City (lesson 5) written by Zhang Ji means "see" and does not mean "show", so it is not a common word, so we should read "xi an" instead of "xi an".
Death: In Qing Ping Le Cun Ju (the following five lessons), the death of the child who likes death most depends on nothingness, so read "wǘ" instead of "Wang".
Chai: Chai in Wang Wei's Chai Lu is a general term. In ancient times, "firewood" refers to villages with hedges, and also refers to some areas set up on the mountains during marching. "Chai Lu" in the title of this poem is a place name, and its "Chai" means "Zhai", so it should be pronounced as "zhài" instead of "ch".
2. The name of the inscription. The pronunciation of the inscription is the "patent" of ancient ci-fu, and we can only respect the ancient sound. For example:
Bu: The word "Bu" in Fu Yongmei is pronounced as "B incarnation" because reading "B incarnation" has many meanings, one of which means "estimation and prediction", while reading "Bo" is only used for "radish".
Music: The Qingping Music in the title of "Qingping Music in the Village" (Lesson 5) is named after the two tunes of "Qingping Music" and "Pingle Music" in Han Yuefu, so "Music" is pronounced as "Yu Lu" instead of "L House".
3. Ancient monosyllabic words. In China's ancient poems, some two monosyllabic words were linked together, much like the disyllabic words in modern Chinese, such as "wife" and "clothes" on both sides of the Yellow River recovered by the imperial army.
In modern Chinese, these are two disyllabic words, and the words "zi" and "Shang" after "wife" and "clothes" should be read softly. But in ancient times, "wife" meant "wife" and "children". In ancient times, "clothes" also had the saying of "dressing under clothes". "Clothes" were worn on the upper body and "clothes" on the lower body, similar to today's culottes, which can be worn by both men and women. Therefore, as monosyllabic words in this poem, "Zi" and "Yi" should be pronounced as "gangrene" and "Chang" respectively.
The word "Zi" of "Fu" in the above example is also a monosyllabic word, which is a good name for ancient men, so it should be pronounced as "Zǐ" instead of "light tone" like the suffix words at the end of modern Chinese.
In addition, we should also pay attention to the pronunciation of overlapping words, such as Birds Singing in Xiao Chun (Lesson 4), Xiaohe (Lesson 3), Weeds on the Plain (Lesson 2) and Xugongdian in Suqian (Lesson 2). Fear of delay will make him go home late "(China Gardens Five for three times), and there are overlapping words in these sentences. In the reading of ancient poems, the second word of reduplication can't be pronounced as a light tone like modern Chinese, but as a local sound. Because some have to express their meaning separately, some have played a role of repeated emphasis, and in the ancient poems with five or seven rhythms, the words used in each sentence are equivalent, which feels quite rhythmic.
Second, from now on "special words"
In ancient poetry, we will encounter some special words, which have an ancient pronunciation, but not in modern times, or these words should be pronounced with an ancient pronunciation according to the ancient prosodic rules, but they cannot be found in the standard pronunciation of modern Chinese. At this time, we should read them with today's standard pronunciation of modern Chinese. As we know, although ancient poetry pays attention to rhyme and rhythm, at that time, there was no strict and perfect recording system like the current Chinese Pinyin, so it is very complicated to examine the pronunciation of many words, and some of them can not be accurately checked. Under such special circumstances, we should unify the current standard pronunciation, which is more convenient for teaching. For example, in the teaching of ancient poetry in primary schools, the dispute over the pronunciation of the word "Xie" is a typical manifestation of this kind of problem.
Oblique: "Oblique" in "Mountain Walking" (Class 2, Lesson 4) means "Away from the Cold Mountain". According to the ancient rhyme, the last words of the second and fourth sentences in the poem are "home" and "flower", and their rhyme is "a". Therefore, the last word "Xie" in the first sentence should rhyme, and its rhyme is "A". Read "xié". The word "Xie" in "With the Distant Mountains and Pale Blue" is also pronounced as "xié" for the same reason in the sentence "Passing through the Old People's Village" ("Accumulated over a long period" in China Garden Six). There is also the word "oblique wind and drizzle don't have to return" (Lesson 23 "Fishing Song").
Thirdly, polysyllabic words follow meaning.
Tiāo and ti?o' are two pronunciations of "knowing that there is a son who can promote weaving" in Night Book (3 lessons and 9 lessons). "Tiā o" is pronounced as "stirring" and "poking". The meaning of this poem is that children use bamboo poles to turn over the soil and rummage.
Weight: The word "weight" in Du Fu's Delighting in Rain on a Spring Night is disyllabic. The word "flower weight" shows the red weight of flowers after the spring rain, so the word "weight" here should be pronounced as "zhòng" instead of "ch ó ng". The word "heavy" in Wang Anshi's "South-to-North Water Diversion Project" (Part III of China Garden Six) also means "multi-layered" over time. Therefore, the word "heavy" here should be pronounced as "chó ng" instead of "zhòng'".
The pronunciation of the word "ying" in Ye Shaoweng's "Garden is worthless" is also puzzling. Some people watch it once, while others watch it four times. The pronunciation of the word "ying" should also be determined by combining the poems of the first two sentences. The first two sentences of the poem say that the host probably cherishes this moss and is afraid of being trampled by tourists' clogs. It means guessing, it means laughing. So the word should be pronounced "yοng" instead of "yοng". The same is true of "Ying" in "The Moon Should Know Me Affectionately, Meet in a Foreign Land Every Year" (Review and Development Part II, Part V, Accumulate Over Time). In "Fishing for Children" (China Garden, Part III)
Time: The first sentence of "Dengguazhou" (Lesson 5, Grade 5) is "a water room in Guazhou, Jingkou", in which "time" means "interval", so we should read "Jian". In this poem, "when the moon shines on me" is also a disyllabic word, meaning "go home, go home".
Duo: The word "Geng" in "Sauvignon Blanc" (lesson 5) is "windy, snowy, the dream of hometown is broken, and there is no such sound in the garden". Some versions are marked as one tone, while others are marked as four tones. Which is more suitable? "When the wind changes, the snow changes" means a gust of wind followed by a snowstorm, that is, it snowed all night. Therefore, "Geng" here refers to the windy and snowy period, and it is appropriate to pronounce "g ē ng". Another pronunciation of "Geng" is the pronunciation of "Geng" At Heron's cabin,
Peeling: lesson 5 of qingpingle village residence) there are two pronunciations of "peeling" in "I like children to die and the lotus is peeling at the head of the stream" Only by removing the outer skin or shell can we pronounce "bā o", and the "peeling" here is exactly what this means. So this "peeling" is read as "b"
Lu: The pronunciation of the word "Lu" in Xiaochi (lesson 13) is also difficult to distinguish. Experts in the small language room of the People's Education Institute believe that "Lu" is used to mean "appearance", which can be read in both spoken and written language. When used in monosyllabic words, disyllabic words and idioms in written language, you should read "65438". Only a few people read "1? u" in spoken English with "revealing white, ugly, revealing bottom, revealing wealth, revealing face, revealing seedlings, making a fool of yourself, revealing stuff, revealing skills, revealing clowns, revealing dew, revealing dew", while others read "Lu".
Pronunciation in the teaching of ancient poetry is very complicated. Only by consulting the dictionary and relevant materials and learning to analyze and deal with it in a specific language environment can we accurately master its pronunciation.